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TRANSLATIONS
In B1-28 there is
an insect. We know that manu can mean
insects.
"1.
Bird; manu uru, bird figure (like the
drawings or wooden figures once found in caves
and houses); manu va'e e-há, four-legged
bird (name given to the first sheep introduced
to the island. 2. Insect.
manupatia, wasp. 3. Bird's egg:
mâmari manu. 4. Wild, untamed. 5. Song in
which is expressed the desire to kill someone,
or in which a crime is confessed: he-tapa i
te manu (see tapa). Vanaga."
Here, then, we have
an example of how the numbers 28-29 allude to
the dark new moon nights. Metoro said
vero, at the right part of Bb1-29 (tao,
GD48), a further confirmation of the meaning.
Bb1-29 has a number in the line which alludes to
'the black cloth'.
In the glyphs with
numbers 16-17 we also have an insect and a 'vero'
(tao). Here the insect glyph belongs to
the takaure glyph type (GD95) and
Metoro said veveke ('hasten'), while
'vero' (called hokohuki) is
located before the 'person'. 16 + 12 = 28.
It is obvious that
I have to add the pepepepe birds to GD95
(takaure). Manu rere (GD11)
includes these birds with wings of the
takaure glyph type. But how come that I
have missed them when I searched for pepe
glyphs to list in the vocabulary of Metoro?
The kuhane
stations has (Maunga) Peke Tau O Hiti as
number 23:
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... The dream soul came to Rangi
Meamea and looked around
searchingly. The dream soul spoke:
'Here at last is level land where
the king can live.' She named the
place 'Rangi Meamea A Hau Maka O
Hiva' [22
Rangi Meamea].
The mountain she named 'Peke Tau
O Hiti A Hau Maka O Hiva' [23
(Maunga) Peke Tau O Hiti].
The dream soul moved along a curve
from Peke Tau O Hiti to the
mountain Hau Epa, which she
named 'Maunga Hau Epa A Hau Maka
O Hiva' [24
Maunga Hau Epa].
"It is difficult to interpret pair
23 and 24, which represents two
mountains. The terracing of
Maunga Hau Epa (this is the
correct form, not 'Auhepa')
and obscure traditions (RM:295;
Brown 1924:59, Maunga Hau Eepe)
suggest that the place must have had
special importance."
"The segment peke of place
name 23 suggests (by way of MAO.)
some type of insect (for example,
pepeke 'insect, beetle';
pekeriki' 'lice, vermin';
peketua 'centipede')."
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1. To bite (of fish or
lobster pecking at
fishhook). 2. To repeat
an action: he-peke te
rua; ina ekó peke-hakaou
te rua don't you do
it a second time; ina
ekó peke hakaou-mai te
rua ara, don't come
back here again.
Vanaga.
To succeed, to follow.
Churchill. |
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Year (ta'u),
he-hoa ite ta'u,,
to confess to a
crime committed long
ago, by publishing
it in the form of a
kohau motu mo
rogorogo (rongorongo
tablet). Vanaga.
1.To hang (tau),
to perch (said of
chickens on tree
branches at night);
rock on the coast,
taller than others
so that something
can be deposited on
it without fear of
seeing washed it
away by the waves;
hakarere i ruga i
te tau, to place
something on such a
rock; tau kupega,
rope from which
is hung the oval net
used in ature
fishing. 2. Pretty,
lovely; ka-tau!
how pretty!
Vanaga.
1. Year, season,
epoch, age. 2. Fit,
worthy, deserving,
opportune; tae
tau, impolite,
ill-bred, unseemly;
pei ra tau,
system. 3. To perch.
4. To hang;
hakatau,
necklace;
hakatautau, to
append. 5. Anchor;
kona tau,
anchorage, port. 6.
To fight; hakatau,
challenge, to defy,
to incite;
hakatautau, to
rival. Churchill.
"The Malay word for
'year' is taun
or tahun. In
all Polynesian
dialects the primary
sense is 'a season',
'a period of time'.
In the Samoan group
tau or
tausanga,
besides the primary
sense of season, has
the definite meaning
of 'a period of six
months', and
conventionally that
of 'a year', as on
the island of Tonga.
Here the word has
the further sense of
'the produce of the
year', and
derivatively 'a
year'.
In the Society group
it simply means
'season'. In the
Hawaiian group, when
not applied to the
summer season, the
word keeps its
original sense of
'an indefinite
period of time', 'a
life-time, an age',
and is never applied
to the year: its
duration may be more
or less than a year,
according to
circumstances.
So far our authority
(Fornander, I, 124;
cp. 119). It seems
however to be
questionable whether
the original sense
is not the concrete
'produce of the
seasons', rather
than the abstract
'period of time'. It
is significant that
on the Society
Islands the
bread-fruit season
is called te tau,
and the names of the
other two seasons,
te tau miti rahi
and te tau poai,
are formed by adding
to this name."
(Nilsson)
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1. To show itself
again, to reappear
(of the new moon, of
a constellation -
meaning uncertain).
2. Said of thin,
tough-fleshed fish
of indifferent
taste: ika hiti.
3. Said of fish when
they come to the
stones of the shore
for insects among
the seaweed: he
hiti te ika. 4.
To reproach someone
for his ingratitude.
Vanaga.
1. To rise, to
appear, to dawn;
hitihaga,
rising; hitihaga
roa, sunrise;
hitihiti, to
dawn; horau
hitihiti, break
of day; hakahiti
ki te eeve, to
show the buttocks.
2. Puffed; gutu
hiti, thick
lips. Churchill. |
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"... When the baby is born a golden
plover flies over and alights upon
the reef.
(Kua fanau lā te pepe kae lele mai te tuli oi tū mai i te papa).
And so the woman thus names various
parts of the child beginning with
the name 'the plover' (tuli):
neck (tuliulu), elbow (tulilima),
knee (tulivae) ..." |
If tamaiti
glyphs show a swaddled newborn baby, then
takaure glyphs could depict a somewhat later
stage with arms now sticking out:
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tamaiti |
takaure |
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GD96 |
GD95 |
I now include
tamaiti as GD96 in the dictionary. Next I
include the pepe glyphs which I have
missed earlier in the takaure page in the
vocabulary of Metoro. I find 8 such glyphs:
The pepe
bird in Bb1-28 is followed by a more vital
kukuru-tou bird with another type of beak:
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| ku
pepepepe te manu |
kukurutou - kua mai ïa - ki to
vero |
"... The Hawaiians
placed a pillar (kukulu) at the four
corners of the earth after Egyptian fashion ..."
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Kuku To
swathe, to swaddle: he-kuku i te
tôa, to swathe the sugarcanes
(with their large leaves, so they
grow better and taller). Vanaga.
1. To tie up sugar
canes. 2. To coo, a pigeon. P Mgv.:
kuku, name of a land bird.
Mq.: kuku, kukupa,
uururu, a large pigeon. Ta.:
uupa, uurairao, pigeon.
Churchill. |
We should remember
the 4 hakaturou (GD32) bird pillars
before midsummer:
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Aa1-1 |
Aa1-2 |
Aa1-3 |
Aa1-4 |
Aa1-5 |
Aa1-6 |
Aa1-7 |
Aa1-8 |
A wordplay could be involved
between hakaturou, kukurutou
and he-kuku i te tôa.
The 6th bird in Barthel's list is kukuru
toua and I have earlier written:
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1 |
manu tara |
9 |
tavake |
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2 |
pi riuriu |
10 |
ruru |
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3 |
kava eoeo |
11 |
taiko |
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4 |
te verovero |
12 |
kumara |
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5 |
ka araara |
13 |
kiakia |
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6 |
kukuru toua |
14 |
tuvi |
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7 |
makohe |
15 |
tuao |
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8 |
kena |
16 |
tavi |
Interestingly the
bird immediatly before has a
name (ka araara -
onomatopoetic according to
Barthel) which is similar to
Metoro's raaraa.)
Kukuru toua
is not the label for a
developmental stage of manu
tara. It is a separate
species, but which?
"The sea bird [not a land bird
as the Mangarevan kuku]
named kukuru toua, which
follows the sooty tern sequence,
has not been identified so far
(Fuentes 1960:239). The addition
toua indicates the color
of the egg yolk, while the first
word seems to indicate the
Polynesian word for pigeon (MQS.
kuku; MAO.:, RAR., TUA.,
kukupa; TAH.
'u'upa;
MGV. kukuororangi; TON.:
kulukulu).
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Toûa
Egg yolk; the colour
yellow; soft,
fibrous part of tree
bark; toûa
mahute, mahute
fibres. Vanaga. |
In
a recitation, the following is
said about this bird:
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ka riti the hupee |
How it flows from
the nose when he
cries |
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(paringi te matavai) |
(y derrama
làgrimas) |
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O te kukuru toua |
of the yellow
Kukuru |
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eve pepepepe |
with the very short
tail. |
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(Barthel 1960:854;
addition by Campbell
1971:404) |
The Metoro chants
contains two additional
fragments:
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kua hupe ma te
maitaki |
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kua rere te manu vae
oho |
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ku pepepepe te manu
kukurutou |
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... |
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eaha te huri |
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O te manu kukurutou |
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ko te manu eve
pepepepe |
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(Barthel 1958: 177,
188) |
While the spelling of the name
is slightly different, in this
instance too, the very short
tail (eve pepepepe) is
mentioned. The bird in question
might conceivably be Diomedea
melanophrys, and albatross
with black lids, or even
Diomedea chlororhynchos, the
yellow-beaked albatross. In this
case, kukuru toua would
describe the peculiar shape of
the beak (compare the 'tubular
noses' of petrels) and its
yellow color, while eve
pepepepe seems to refer to
the relatively short tail of the
powerful bird.
If this identification is
correct, then the albatross is
ranked after the sooty tern, who
is the object of a cult, but
ahead of the frigate bird; and
because of his size, the
albatross precedes the following
enumeration of sea birds."
(Barthel 2) |
The pepepepe te manu kukurutou
refers to B1-28--29 (see above), while
manu eve pepepepe refers to
Aa5-9--10:
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Aa5-8 |
Aa5-9 |
Aa5-10 |
Aa5-11 |
Aa5-12 |
Aa5-13 |
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eaha te huri |
o te
manu
kukurutou |
ko te
manu eve
pepepepe |
ko te maitaki |
ihe aki pu |
ko te maitaki |
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Ab7-27 |
Ab7-28 |
Ab7-29 |
Ab7-30 |
Ab7-31 |
Ab7-32 |
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ma te inoino |
te manu rere
erua |
ki te maitaki |
erua oona pu |
na te maitaki |
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The ordinal numbers (9
and 10) mark the end of a solar cycle.
We must complete the research into
pepe by listing from my Polynesian
dictionary a few additional items:
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Hare
House,
family, home. Vanaga.
House,
cabin, habitation, building,
hut, structure; hare iti,
hut; hare itiiti no,
cabin; hare kahu,
tent; hare neinei,
latrine; hare no iti,
cell; hare nunui,
palace; hare pohurihuri,
prison; hare pure,
chapel, church; ki te
hare, at home.
Harepepe, kelp.
Harepiko, a. asylum,
place of refuge; b. ambush,
snare. Harepopo,
shed. Harepopokai,
storehouse. Churchill. |
Maybe kelp is called
hare pepe because the small
fishes hide there.
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Here, hehere
1. To catch
eels in a snare of sliding
knots; pole used in this
manner of fishing, with a
perforation for the line. 2.
To tie, to fasten, to lash;
rasp made of a piece of
obsidian with one rough
side; cable, tie;
figuratively: pact,
treatise. Vanaga.
1. To
lash, to belay, to knot the
end of a cord, to lace, to
tie, to fasten, to knot; to
catch in a noose, to
strangle, to garrote;
here pepe, to saddle;
moa herea, a trussed
fowl; hehere, collar,
necklet; herega,
bond, ligament; heregao,
scarf, cravat. 2.
Hakahere. To buy, to
sell, to barter, to part
with, to pay for, to do
business, to compensate, to
owe, to disburse, to
expiate, to indemnify, to
rent out, to hire, to
traffic, to bargain, to
bribe; merchant, trader,
business, revenge; tagata
hakahere, merchant,
trader; hakahere ki te
ika, to avenge;
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To harness is to tie and
here pepe is similar to hare
pepe. Kelp may be regarded as
similar to snares.
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Noho
1. To sit, to
stay, to remain, to live
(somewhere), to wait;
ka-noho, you stay! (i.e.
'good-bye', said by the
person leaving). 2.
Figuratively:
he
noho te eve, to
be calm, at peace; he
noho te mana'u, to
concentrate on something, to
fix one's attention on;
ku-noho á te mana'u o te
tagata ki ruga ki te aga,
the man thinks
constantly of his work.
Vanaga.
Seat,
bench, dwelling, marriage,
position, posture,
situation, session, sojourn;
to sit, to dwell, to reside,
to rest, to halt, to
inhabit;
noho hahatu, to
sit cross-legged;
noho hakahaga,
apathy;
noho heenua,
countryman;
noho kaiga,
native;
noho kenu,
married;
noho ke noho ke,
to change place;
noho muri, to
stay behind;
noho noa,
invariable;
noho opata, to
stand on a cliff;
noho pagaha,
badly placed;
noho pepe, table;
noho tahaga,
bachelor, unmarried;
noho vie,
married,
noho no, apathy,
stay-at-home, colonist,
idler, inhabitant, inactive,
immobile, settler, lazy,
loiterer.
Hakanoho, to
abolish, to rent, to lease,
to enslave, to dissuade, to
exclude, to exempt, to
install, to substitute,
hostage.
Hakanohohia,
stopped.
Nohoga, seat.
Nohoturi, to
kneel, genuflexion.
Nohovaega, to
preside. Churchill. |
I cannot see why a table
is called noho pepe. Though we
find he noho te eve to mean 'to
be calm' (sit on your tail?), a meaning
evidently suggesting the tail to
otherwise be restless (raga):
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Raga
1. To run
together, forming small
lakes (of rainwater)
ku-raga-á te vai. 2.
Fugitive (in times of war or
persecution); to take refuge
elsewhere; to move house;
homeless; poki poreko
raga, child born while
its parents were fugitives.
3. Said of fish swarming on
the surface of the sea:
he-raga te îka, ku-mea-á te
moté, te nanue para...,
you can see many fish, fish
are swarming, mote, nanue
para, etc. Ragaraga:
1. To float on the surface
of the sea: miro ragaraga
i ruga i te vai kava,
driftwood floating on the
sea.
2. To move ceaselessly (of
people), to pace back and
forth (te eve o te tagata);
to be restless:
e-ragaraga-nó-á te eve o te
tagata, the man is
nervous, worried, he paces
back and forth. 3.
E-ragaraga-nó-á te mana'u
is said of inconstant,
fickle people, who cannot
concentrate on one thing:
e-ragaraga-nó-á te mana'u o
te ga poki; ta'e pahé tagata
hônui, ku-noho-á te mana'u
ki ruga ki te aga,
children are fickle; they
are not like serious adults
who concentrate their work.
Vanaga.
1.
Captive, slave, to take
captive; hakaraga, to
enslave. Mq.: áka,
conquered. 2. To banish, to
expel, to desert;
ragaraga, to send away,
to expel; hakaraga,
to banish, to drive off.
Mq.: áka, wanderer,
vagabond. Ragaraga,
to float, to fluctuate;
eve ragaraga, ennui,
to weary. T Mgv.:
raga, to swim or float
on the surface of the water.
Mq.: ána, áka,
to float. Churchill.
Sa.:
langa, to raise, to
rise. To.: langa, to
raise up the soil;
fakalanga, to raise up.
Uvea, Fu.: langa, to
raise. Niuē:
langa,
to rise against;
langaaki,
to raise up. Nukuoro:
langa,
to float. Ha.:
lana,
id. Ma.: ranga,
to raise, to cast up. Mgv.:
ranga,
to float on the surface of
water. Pau.:
fakaranga,
to raise, to lift up. Ta.:
toraaraa,
to raise up. Mq.:
aka,
ana,
to swim on the surface. Vi.:
langa,
to be lifted up, said of a
brandished club ...
Churchill 2. |
Finally:
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Pepe
1. A sketch.
2. Bench, chair, couch,
seat, sofa, saddle; here
pepe, mau pepe,
to saddle; noho pepe,
a tabouret. Pepepepe,
bedstead. 3. Pau.:
butterfly. Ta.: pepe,
id. Mq.: pepe, id.
Sa.: pepe, id. Ma.:
pepe, a moth;
pepererau, fin, Mgv.:
pererau, wing. Ta.:
pereraru, id. Ma.:
parirau, id. Churchill.
Sa.:
pepe, a butterfly, a
moth, to flutter about.
Nukuoro, Fu., Niuē,
Uvea, Fotuna, Nuguria, Ta.,
Mq.: pepe,
a butterfly. Ma.:
pepe,
a grup, a moth;
pepepepe,
a butterfly;
pepeatua,
a species of butterfly. To.:
bebe,
a butterfly. Vi.:
mbèbè,
a butterfly. Rotumā:
pep,
id. Churchill 2 |
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