He looked at it and said, 'Hey you! The turtle has come on land!' He said, 'Let's go! Let's go back to the shore'.

They all went to pick up the turtle.

Ira was the first one [te kope rae] to try to lift [he ketu] the turtle - but she didn't move.

Then Raparenga said, 'You do not have the necessary ability. Get out of my way so that I can have a try!'

Raparenga stepped up and tried to lift the turtle - but Raparenga could not move her.

Honu. 1. Turtle. 2. Spider (the species found in houses). Vanaga. Turtle. P Mgv.: honu, onu, id. Mq.,Ta.: honu, id. To.: fonu, id. Ha.: honu, id. Churchill. To.: fonu, turtle, tortoise, Fu., Niuē, Uvea, Fotuna: fonu, turtle ... Sa.: volu, tortoise. Nukuoro: holu, turtle. Viti: vonu, turtle. Churchill 2. ... It grew light, and again Ira spoke. This is what he said: 'Turn around, all of you, and go down to ride the waves (literally, 'to the turtle, to act like a turtle') ... Barthel 2.

Gae. Gaegae, short of breath, out of breath, breathless. PS Mgv.: aeaea, short of breath, to breathe with difficulty, to feel suffocated; gaegae, to have a feeble voice. Mq.: naenae, kaekae, short of breath, unable to breathe, suffocated. Ta.: áeáe, short and painful breathing, as one at the point of death. Sa.: gae, to breathe hard, to pant, to be out of breath. Uvea: gaegae, out of breath. Fu.: gaigaisā. id. Gaehe, to boil. Gaei, to shake, to contract, to move (gaeiei, gaiei, geigei, garei, gerei); ua gaiei, pulsation; hakagaie, to shake, to wave, to waddle, to twist the body about; ahi hakagaie, a night signal; hakagerei, to shake. Churchill.

E:28

Kuukuu stepped up, picked up the turtle, using all his strength.

After he had lifted the turtle a little bit, he pushed her up further.

No sooner had he pushed her up and lifter her completely off the ground, when she struck Kuukuu with one fin [kapeu].

She struck downward [ki raro] and broke [he hati] Kuukuu's spine.

The turtle got up [he ea], went back into the (sea) water, and swam away.

All the kinsmen spoke [he ki mai anake] to you (i.e., Kuukuu): 'Even you did not [tae] prevail against the turtle!'

They put the injured Kuukuu on a stretcher and carried him inland.

They prepared a soft bed for him in the cave and let him rest [he haka-moe] there.

Heke. Hakaheke, to pull down, to overthrow. Mgv.: akaeke, to overthrow, to vanquish; heke, to fall down, to fall to pieces: akaheke; akahekeheke, to demolish. Mq.: heke, to crumble, to fall down; hakaheke, to demolish, to pull down. Churchill. Kai heke, hakaheke, to deflower. Kahukahu o heke, an octopus hiding in his ink. Mq.: ve'eve'e 'tentacules du heke'. Barthel 2. Pau.: Heke, to purge. Mgv.: heke-toto, hemorrhage. Ta.: hee, to purge. Mq.: heke, to drip. Ma.: heke, id. Pau.: Hekeheke, elephantiasis. Ta.: feefee, id. Mq.: fefe, id. Sa.: fe'efe'e, id. Mgv.: Heke, eke, octopus. Ta.: fee, id. Mq.: heke, feke, fee, id. Sa.: fe'e, id. Ma.: wheke, id. Ta.: Hee, to slide, to swim. Sa.: se'e, to slide, to shoot the breakers. Ha.: hee, id. Mq.: Hee oto, to cut. Sa.: sele, id. Ha.: helehele, id. Churchill. Ma.: 1. Migrate. Islands of History. 2. Rafter. Starzecka.

Kere. To moor, to make fast. Kerekere, black, dark, blue, obscure, gloom; niho kerekere, blackened teeth. Hakakerekere, to blacken. P Pau.: kerekere, black, dark, somber. Mgv.: kerekere, blue, dark blue almost black, the color of the deep ocean, black, somber, darkness. Mq.: kerekere, keékeé, black, somber, livid; ere, blue, azure. Ta.: ereere, black. Churchill. Ele, v. Haw., be dark, black; adj. dark-coloured, black, blue, dark-red, brown; ele-ele, id. Tah., ere-ere, dark, black, blue. Rarot., kerekere, id. Marqu., kekee, id.; kee-voo, darkness, gloom. The application of this word to colour is doubtless derivative from the Polynes. Haw. kele, mud, mire (quod vide), Tong. kèle-kere, earth, soil, dirt, Sam. 'ele and 'ele-ele, red earth, dirt, rust; elea, Tong., kelea, rusty, dirty; probably all akin to ala, ara, in ala-ea, earth, clay ... Jav., iran, black. N. Celebes (Kema), hirun, id. In the following Greek words the first constituent proclaims their affinity to the Polynesian ere, ele: - ερεβος, darkness of the grave, the dark passage from earth to Hades; ερεβεννος, dark, gloomy; ερεμνος, sync. fr. previous word, black, swarthy; ερεφω, to cover; ορφνη, darkness of night; ορφνος, dark, dusty; οροφη, roof of a house. Sanskr., aruņa, tawny, dark, red; s. the dawn, the sun; aruņita, made red. Benfey refers the Sanskrit word to arus, a wound. Lidell and Scott refer the Greek words to ερεφω, to cover. They are plausible; but are they the true roots of stems, in view of the Polynesian ele, ere? Dr. J. Pickering, in his Greek Lexicon, derives ερεβος 'from ερα (the earth) or ερεφω (to cover)'. The former seems to me the better reference. Ele², prefix. Haw., an intensitive added to many words, imparting a meaning of 'very much, greatly'; ele-u, alert, quick; ele-ma-kule, old, aged, helpless; ele-mio, tapering to a point; ele-ku, easily broken, very brittle; ele-hei, too short. Tah., ere-huru, encumbered, too much of a thing. A. Pictet ... says, apropos of the derivation of the word Erin: 'L'irlandais er comme adjectif magnus, nobilis, paraît être identique à l'er intensitif de l'irlandais et du cymrique, considéré comme une particule inséparable, et qui serait ainsi proprement un adjectif. Il est à remarquer en confirmationm, que le zend airya = sanskr. arya avec l'acception de bon, juste, est également devny ér dans les composés du Pârsi, comme ér-maneshu, bon esprit, er-tan, bon corps (Spiegel, Avesta, i. 6). De là à un sens intensitif, transition était facile.' Why not widen the philological horizon by admittning the Polynesian ere, ele, to consideration as well as the Irish, Welsh, or Parsi? And why may not the O. Norse ar, early, first; aerir, messengers; the Sax. er, before, in time, go up to the same root as those others? Fornander.

Ava. 1. To remain (of dregs, of very small objects in the water or in a place which used to be full of water); he-ava, he-paroparoko, expression, said when small fishes swarm in the water holes along the coast. 2. Furrow, rut, groove, crevice, fissure; he-hahata te ava o te henua, a crevice opened in the ground. 3. To strike, to hit; to sound like a blow; ku-ava-á te poko (see also hatutiri), thunder sounded. Vanaga. Áva-áva. 1. To lift up. 2. to strike, to hit repeatedly; he-áva-áva i te koreha a ruga a te ma'ea, he struck the eel several times against a stone (to kill it). Vanaga. 1. a) Distance, distant; ava poto, a short distance. b) Space, interval. PS Mq.: ava, distance, space, interval. Ta.: ava, interval. The simpler form of the root is va, which is not found in Rapanui and Marquesan, and in Tahiti is narrowly restricted to the spacing of thatch, but in Nuclear Polynesia and in the Tongafiti migration [va] is expressive of the sense of distance and interval. In Samoa the same meaning is carried by an advanced form of the root, and ava in this sense is not found elsewhere. Its reappearance in these three languages of Southeast Polynesia points to a direct migration from Samoa. 2. Channel, strait, pass, passage, breach, entrance to a harbor. Avaava. 1. a) To strike, to slap, to grind, to dent. b) To correct, to maltreat, to exterminate. 2. Angle, chink. 3. Tobacco. In this nook of Polynesia tobacco and its common method of pleasurable use are alike imported. In Melanesia tobacco was indigenous but was employed for the business of medication and not to assuage the conditions of cannibal society. The leaves when fully grown were shredded, macerated and employed as a cataplasm. Applied upon the abdomen it was the principal agency in the production of emesis and catharsis. Applied secretly in axilla [arm-pit] it superinduced the ecstasy of the priest when in the trance of possession by his god. In Fiji it was used as an insecticide. Avahi, a wedge, to split; avahiga, part, partial; avahiga kore, inseparable. Avamouga (ava 1 - mouga 2), valley. Churchill. Awa, s. Haw., harbour, cove, creek, channel; awaa, to dig as a pit, a ditch; awawa, a valley, space between two prominences, space between the fingers and toes. Tah., ava, a harbour, channel. Sam., ava, a boat-passage, opening in the reef, anchorage; v. to be open, as a doorway. Marqu., ava, interval, passage. The Malgasse ava, a rainbow, may refer to this family, in the sense of an arch, a bay, a hollow, curved space on the firmanent. Sanskr., avaţa, a pit; avata, a well; avatas, below, in the lower regions; ava-kâça, space, interval; avama, low, opp. to high, probably all referring themselves to ava, prep. with the primary sense of 'down, below, away, off', as its derivatives plainly indicate. Awa, s. Haw., fine rain, mist. Tong., Sam., afa, storm, hurricane; afu, a waterfall. N. Zeal., awa, a river. Fiji., cava, a storm. Mal., awap, mist, dew. Sangvir Island, sawan, a river. Rotti, Ofa, id. Tagal., abo-abo, rain. Malg., sav, mist, fog. Sanskr., ap, apas, water. Lat., aqua; Romain, ava, water, rain-water. Goth., ahwa; O. H. Germ., ouwa, water. Germ., aue, au, brook. Swed., å, id. Irish, abh, water; abhan, river. Welsh, aw, fluid. Pers., âw, âb, water. A. Pictet ... refers the Celtic and Persian forms to a Sanskrit root av, 'ire', whence avana, rapidity, avani, river; and he refers the Latin and Gothic forms to a Sanskrit root aç or ak, 'permeare, occupare', from which spring a number of derivatives expressive of 'le mouvement rapide, la force pénétrante' ... In view of the Polynesian forms, Haw., Sam., Tagal., and their meanings, I prefer to follow Benfey and Bopp in referring the West Aryan as well as the Polynesian forms to the Sanskrit ap, whether that be the original form itself or a contracted modification of it. It seems to me to have been in the very nature of language that men in the olden times should have commenced by giving distinct and instantaneous names to objects around them, and to natural phenomena, before they invested those objects with names derived by after-thought and reflection from this or that quality characteristic of those objects. Many, if not most, of such original names were doubtless lost in the course of ages, and supplanted by synonyms derived from and expressive of some quality or other in the objects named; but many still survive to baffle the analysis of philologists, and to assert their claims to priority over synonyms that must necessarily have been of later formation. Awa, s. Haw., Sam., Tah., name of a plant of a bitter taste, but highly relished throughout Polynesia - 'Piper Methysticum' - from which an intoxicating drink is made; the name of the liquor itself. Tong., N. Zeal., Rarot., Marqu., kawa, id. Haw., awa-awa, bitter. Sam., a'awa, id. Tong., N. Zeal., kakawa , sweet. Sanskr., av, to please, satisfy, desire (Benfey); ava, nourishment (Pictet). Pers., âwâ, nourishment; abâ, bread. Lat., aveo, crave after, long for; avena, oats. See au 1. Fornander.

Ivi. 1. Bone; fishbone. 2. Ivi-tia, sewing needle. 3. Ivi tika, spine, vertebra. 4. Ivi atua, being of the other world. 5. Ivi tumu atua, seer, wizard. 6. Ivi heheu swordfish. Vanaga. 1. Bone, needle; ivi ika, fishbone; ivi ohio, needle; ivi tika, fishbone, backbone; kiko o te ivi tika, pancreas; ivi heheu, cachalot; ivi tupapaku, skeleton; ivi uha, to grow (of mankind); tooa te kiko e ivi i hakarere, to strip the flesh from the bones; kai ivi, to eat remnants; kore te ivi, cooked too much. 2. Parent, family, ancestry. Churchill. To bend down to allow someone to climb on one's back to be carried (haha); he-ti-atu a Kaiga i te tua ivi, he-haha-mai Huri Avai, Kaiga bent his back and Huri Avai climbed on his shoulders. Vanaga.

Ana. 1. Cave. 2. If. 3. Verbal prefix: he-ra'e ana-unu au i te raau, first I drank the medicine. Vanaga. 1. Cave, grotto, hole in the rock. 2. In order that, if. 3. Particle (na 5); garo atu ana, formerly; mee koe ana te ariki, the Lord be with thee. PS Sa.: na, an intensive postpositive particle. Anake, unique. T Pau.: anake, unique, to be alone. Mgv.: anake, alone, single, only, solely. Mq.: anake, anaé, id. Ta.: anae, all, each, alone, unique. Anakena, July. Ananake, common, together, entire, entirely, at once, all, general, unanimous, universal, without distinction, whole, a company; piri mai te tagata ananake, public; kite aro o te mautagata ananake, public; mea ananake, impartial; koona ananake, everywhere. Churchill. Splendor; a name applied in the Society Islands to ten conspicious stars which served as pillars of the sky. Ana appears to be related to the Tuamotuan ngana-ia, 'the heavens'. Henry translates ana as aster, star. The Tahitian conception of the sky as resting on ten star pillars is unique and is doubtless connected with their cosmos of ten heavens. The Hawaiians placed a pillar (kukulu) at the four corners of the earth after Egyptian fashion; while the Maori and Moriori considered a single great central pillar as sufficient to hold up the heavens. It may be recalled that the Moriori Sky-propper built up a single pillar by placing ten posts one on top of the other. Makemson.

Tupa. Ancient buildings found scattered along the coast; made of stone, and almost all of them round, they served as shelters for fishermen. Tupatupa, to carry (someone) on a stretcher; to carry (a load) with the help of several people. Vanaga. 1. Land crab. PS Mgv.: tutupa, a large crayfish. Mq., Ta.: tupa, land crab. Sa., To., Fu.: tupa, a land crab with large claws. 2. Mixture, to carry, tupatupa, to bring in one dead or wounded. Tupapaku, corpse. T Pau.: tupapaku, corpse, ghost. Mgv.: tupapaku, corpse, sick person. Mq.: tupapaku, tupapaú, id. Ta.: tupapau, corpse, ghost, specter. Churchill. Kupa, v. Haw., to dig out, hollow out, as a canoe or a trench; kupa-paku, a place deep down in the ground. Tah., tupa, to dig out, hollow out, scoop out. Fiji., cuva, to stoop, bow down. Mal., kubur, grave, tomb. Sunda., tumbuk, a hook, a staple. Sanskr., kûpa, a well, a pit.; kûpa-kara, a well-digger; kub-ja, humpbacked, crooked; kumbha, a pot, jar. Benfey (Sanskr. Dict.) refers the two latter to a lost verb kubh, with an original signification of 'to be crooked'. He offers no etymon, however, for kûpa, well, pit. The Polynesians reconcile the two. The Sanskrit kûpa finds its kindred in the Hawaiian and Tahitian kupa, and the Sanskrit kumbha, ku-ja, and kubh, with a primary sense of 'crooked', refer themselves to the Fijian cuva, 'to stoop, low down', a sense now lost within the Polynesian dialects proper. Pers., kuftan, kaftan, to dig, cleave; kuft, kâf, fissure. Armen., kup, pit, cistern. Greek, κυπτω, to bend forward, to stoop down; κυφος, humpbacked; κυμβη, a cup, a boat, a wallet; σκυφος, a cup; κυψελη, any hollow vessel. Lat., cubo, lie, recline: concumbo, incumbo; cupa, a vat, cask. Goth., kumbjan, lie down, recline; hups, the hips, loins. A.-Sax., cop, a hollow vessel, cup. Anc. Slav., kâpona, a goblet.  Russ., kopati, to dig; a cistern. Welsh, cwb or cwpan, a hollow place, kennel or cote. Gael., tubag, tub. Fornander.

Ika. 1. Fish. 2. In some cases, animal in general: îka ariga koreh[v?]a, animal with the face of a koreva fish (name given to horses when they arrived on the island, because of the resemblance of their heads with that of a koreva). 3. Victim (wounded or killed), enemy who must be killed, person cursed by a timo and destined to die; îka reirei, vanquished enemy, who is kicked (rei). 4. Corpse of man fallen in war. Vanaga. 1. Fish, animal; ika rere, flying fish; ivi ika, fishbone; mata ika, pearl. P Pau., Mgv., Mq.: ika, fish. Ta.: ia, id. 2. Prey, victim, sacrifice; ika ke avai mo, abuse; hakarere ki te ika, to avenge. T Mgv.: ikaiara, to quarrel; ikatamamea, to be angry because another has handled one's property. Mq.: ika, enemy, what causes horror. Ma.: ika, the first person killed in a fight. Mangaia: ika, a victim for sacrifice. 3? matamata ika, snow. Ikahi, to fish with a line, to angle. Mq.: ikahi, id. Ikakato, to go fishing. Ikakohau, to fish with a line, to angle. Ikapotu, cape, end of a voyage, destination; ikapotu hakarere, to abut, to adjoin; topa te ikapotu, id.; tehe oho te ikapotu, id.; mei nei tehe i oho mai ai inei te ikapotu, as far as, to. Ikapuhi, to fish with a torch. Mq.: ikapuhi, id. Churchill.

Kuukuu said, 'Promise me, my [aku] friends [hoa], that you will not abandon me!'

They all replied [he ki mai anake], 'We could never abandon you!'

Papa. 1. Underground rock; motionless; rocky sea bottom; large flat stone; figuratively: tagata papa important man, author of great works. 2. Wooden plank currently used much like a surf-board in the sport called garu; it was formerly called papa gaatu mo te garu, because it was made from dry totora leaves woven into the shape of a plank. 3. To line up things side by side on a flat surface, for instance, to line up fish on top of a flat stone. Vanaga. Shoulderblade. Papapapa, a chill, to shiver, to tremble, to shudder. Churchill.

Oro. 1. To flit in the air (of a bird), turning and flying up and down. 2. To file, to scratch, to scrub, to grind, to sharpen; ka-oro te kumara, grind the sweet potatoes; ka-oro te hoe, sharpen the knife. Orooro, to rub, to polish, to shine. Vanaga. Oroina, to choke on a fish bone. Orooro, to whet, to sharpen (horo). Churchill.

Mae. To fade, to wither, stunted fruit. PS Mgv.: mae, to fade, to wither, to be blighted. Sa.: mae, to be stale (of fish). To.: mae, to fade, to wither, to smell musty. Mae atu'ra, to cede, to give up. This is the only instance of the use, which is unexplained, of the character ' by father Père Roussel. Churchill. Mgv.: ma, to fade, to lose color. Ha.: ma, to fade. Churchill. Ta.: mae, weak, soft. Mq.: mae, soft, flabby. To.: mae, to wither, to fade. Ha.: mae, id. Churchill.

E:29

Every time Kuukuu asked, 'Where are you, friends' they immediately replied [hakahoki] in one voice [reo] 'Here we are!'.

One of the youths [te tahi ngaio] said to Ira, 'Why [ka aha] do we want to do that?'

Ira replied, 'So that we can all ask the stones to do something.'

Pipi. 1. Bud, sprout; to bud, to sprout; ku-pipi-á te tumu miro tahiti, the trunk of the miro tahiti has sprouted. 2. A small shellfish, common on the coast. Vanaga. 1. To blanch, to etiolate. 2. A spark, to sparkle. 3. Young branches, shoot, sprout, to bud. Mq.: pipi, tip of the banana blossom. 4. Snail, T, pea, bean. P Mgv.: pipi, small shellfish in the shape of a mussel. Mq.: pipi, generic term for shells. Ta.: pipi, generic term for beans. 5. To boil with hot stones. 6. A wave. 7. Thorn, spiny, uneven. 8. Small; haha pipi, small mouth. 9. Rump, the rear. Pipine, to be wavy, to undulate. Churchill.

Hore. (Hore, horehore): to cut with a knife or with an obsidian blade (also: horea). Horeko, solitary, lonely; kona horeko, solitary place, loneliness. Vanaga. To hew, to cut off, to amputate, to castrate, to cut with a knife, to decapitate, to abridge, to incise, to set landmarks; a notch, incision, tenon; hore poto, to cut short off; hore te gao, to chop the head off. Churchill.

They all drew back to profit (from the deception) (? ki honui) and listened [he hakarongo]. A short while later, Kuukuu called [he ui mai era].

Honui. 1. Person worthy of respect, person of authority. 2. Livelihood, heirloom, capital; ka moe koe ki toou hônui, you must marry to ensure your livelihood (said to a little girl); he hônui mo taaku poki, this is the heirloom for my son. Vanaga. Great (hoonui); honui, chief T.; tagata hoonui, personage; hakahonui, to praise, to commend. Churchill.