Ma'eha .Brightness, bright, to
lighten, to brighten up; ku
ma'eha-á, it has already
lightened up. Vanaga. 1. Light,
brightness; to shine, to be bright,
to glimmer, to glow; maeha mahina,
moonshine; maeharaa, sunrise.
Maehamaeha, bright.
Hakamaeha, to brighten. Mq.:
maeoeo, bright, transparent. 2.
To get out of the way. 3. Thin,
slender, slight. Churchill.
Heke. Hakaheke, to pull down, to
overthrow. Mgv.: akaeke, to
overthrow, to vanquish; heke,
to fall down, to fall to pieces:
akaheke; akahekeheke, to
demolish. Mq.: heke, to
crumble, to fall down; hakaheke,
to demolish, to pull down.
Churchill. Kai heke,
hakaheke, to deflower.
Kahukahu o heke, an octopus
hiding in his ink.
Mq.: ve'eve'e
'tentacules du heke'. Barthel
2. Pau.: Heke, to purge.
Mgv.: heke-toto, hemorrhage.
Ta.: hee, to purge. Mq.:
heke, to drip. Ma.: heke,
id. Pau.: Hekeheke,
elephantiasis. Ta.: feefee,
id. Mq.: fefe, id. Sa.:
fe'efe'e, id. Mgv.: Heke,
eke, octopus. Ta.: fee,
id. Mq.: heke, feke,
fee, id. Sa.: fe'e,
id. Ma.: wheke, id. Ta.:
Hee, to slide, to swim. Sa.:
se'e, to slide, to shoot the
breakers. Ha.: hee, id. Mq.:
Hee oto, to cut. Sa.: sele,
id. Ha.: helehele, id.
Churchill. Ma.: 1. Migrate. Islands
of History. 2. Rafter. Starzecka.
Kere. To moor, to make
fast. Kerekere, black, dark,
blue, obscure, gloom; niho
kerekere, blackened teeth.
Hakakerekere, to blacken. P
Pau.: kerekere, black, dark,
somber. Mgv.: kerekere, blue,
dark blue almost black, the color of
the deep ocean, black, somber,
darkness. Mq.: kerekere,
keékeé, black, somber, livid;
ere, blue, azure. Ta.: ereere,
black. Churchill. Ele, v.
Haw., be dark, black; adj.
dark-coloured, black, blue,
dark-red, brown; ele-ele, id.
Tah., ere-ere, dark, black,
blue. Rarot., kerekere, id.
Marqu., kekee, id.;
kee-voo, darkness, gloom. The
application of this word to colour
is doubtless derivative from the
Polynes. Haw. kele, mud, mire
(quod vide), Tong.
kèle-kere, earth, soil, dirt,
Sam. 'ele and 'ele-ele,
red earth, dirt, rust; elea,
Tong., kelea, rusty, dirty;
probably all akin to ala,
ara, in ala-ea, earth,
clay ... Jav., iran, black.
N. Celebes (Kema), hirun, id.
In the following Greek words the
first constituent proclaims their
affinity to the Polynesian ere,
ele: -
ερεβος, darkness of the grave,
the dark passage from earth to
Hades; ερεβεννος, dark,
gloomy; ερεμνος, sync. fr.
previous word, black, swarthy;
ερεφω, to cover; ορφνη,
darkness of night; ορφνος,
dark, dusty; οροφη, roof of a
house. Sanskr., aruņa,
tawny, dark, red; s.
the dawn, the sun; aruņita,
made red. Benfey refers the Sanskrit
word to arus,
a wound. Lidell and Scott refer the
Greek words to ερεφω,
to cover. They are plausible; but
are they the true roots of stems, in
view of the Polynesian ele,
ere?
Dr. J. Pickering, in his Greek
Lexicon, derives ερεβος
'from ερα
(the earth) or ερεφω
(to cover)'. The former seems to me
the better reference. Ele²,
prefix.
Haw., an intensitive added to many
words, imparting a meaning of 'very
much, greatly'; ele-u,
alert, quick; ele-ma-kule,
old, aged, helpless;
ele-mio,
tapering to a point;
ele-ku,
easily broken, very brittle;
ele-hei,
too short. Tah., ere-huru,
encumbered, too much of a thing. A.
Pictet ... says, apropos of the
derivation of the word
Erin:
'L'irlandais er
comme adjectif magnus, nobilis,
paraît être identique à l'er
intensitif de l'irlandais et du
cymrique, considéré comme une
particule inséparable, et qui serait
ainsi proprement un adjectif. Il est
à remarquer en confirmationm, que le
zend airya
= sanskr. arya
avec l'acception de bon, juste, est
également devny ér
dans les composés du Pârsi, comme
ér-maneshu,
bon esprit, er-tan,
bon corps (Spiegel, Avesta, i. 6).
De là à un sens intensitif,
transition était facile.' Why not
widen the philological horizon by
admittning the Polynesian
ere,
ele,
to consideration as well as the
Irish, Welsh, or Parsi? And why may
not the O. Norse ar,
early, first; aerir,
messengers; the Sax. er,
before, in time, go up to the same
root as those others? Fornander.
Ava.
1. To remain (of dregs, of very
small objects in the water or in a
place which used to be full of
water); he-ava, he-paroparoko,
expression, said when small
fishes swarm in the water holes
along the coast. 2. Furrow, rut,
groove, crevice, fissure;
he-hahata te ava o te henua, a
crevice opened in the ground. 3. To
strike, to hit; to sound like a
blow; ku-ava-á te poko (see
also hatutiri), thunder
sounded. Vanaga. Áva-áva. 1.
To lift up. 2. to strike, to hit
repeatedly; he-áva-áva i te
koreha a ruga a te ma'ea, he
struck the eel several times against
a stone (to kill it). Vanaga. 1. a)
Distance, distant; ava poto,
a short distance. b) Space,
interval. PS Mq.: ava,
distance, space, interval. Ta.:
ava, interval. The simpler form
of the root is va, which is
not found in Rapanui and
Marquesan, and in Tahiti is narrowly
restricted to the spacing of thatch,
but in Nuclear Polynesia and in the
Tongafiti migration [va]
is expressive of the sense of
distance and interval. In Samoa the
same meaning is carried by an
advanced form of the root, and
ava in this sense is not found
elsewhere. Its reappearance in these
three languages of Southeast
Polynesia points to a direct
migration from Samoa. 2. Channel,
strait, pass, passage, breach,
entrance to a harbor. Avaava.
1. a) To strike, to slap, to grind,
to dent. b) To correct, to maltreat,
to exterminate. 2. Angle, chink. 3.
Tobacco. In this nook of Polynesia
tobacco and its common method of
pleasurable use are alike imported.
In Melanesia tobacco was indigenous
but was employed for the business of
medication and not to assuage the
conditions of cannibal society. The
leaves when fully grown were
shredded, macerated and employed as
a cataplasm. Applied upon the
abdomen it was the principal agency
in the production of emesis and
catharsis. Applied secretly in
axilla [arm-pit] it superinduced the
ecstasy of the priest when in the
trance of possession by his god. In
Fiji it was used as an insecticide.
Avahi, a wedge, to split;
avahiga, part, partial;
avahiga kore, inseparable.
Avamouga (ava 1 -
mouga 2), valley. Churchill.
Awa, s. Haw., harbour, cove,
creek, channel; awaa, to dig
as a pit, a ditch; awawa, a
valley, space between two
prominences, space between the
fingers and toes. Tah., ava,
a harbour, channel. Sam., ava,
a boat-passage, opening in the reef,
anchorage; v. to be open, as a
doorway. Marqu., ava,
interval, passage. The Malgasse
ava, a rainbow, may refer to
this family, in the sense of an
arch, a bay, a hollow, curved space
on the firmanent. Sanskr., avaţa,
a pit; avata, a well;
avatas, below, in the lower
regions; ava-kâça,
space, interval; avama,
low, opp. to high, probably all
referring themselves to
ava,
prep. with the primary sense of
'down, below, away, off', as its
derivatives plainly indicate.
Awa,
s. Haw., fine rain, mist. Tong.,
Sam., afa,
storm, hurricane; afu,
a waterfall. N. Zeal., awa,
a river. Fiji., cava,
a storm. Mal., awap,
mist, dew. Sangvir Island,
sawan,
a river. Rotti, Ofa, id. Tagal.,
abo-abo,
rain. Malg., sav,
mist, fog.
Sanskr., ap,
apas,
water.
Lat.,
aqua;
Romain, ava,
water, rain-water.
Goth.,
ahwa;
O. H. Germ., ouwa,
water. Germ., aue,
au,
brook. Swed., å, id.
Irish,
abh,
water; abhan,
river. Welsh, aw,
fluid.
Pers.,
âw,
âb,
water.
A.
Pictet ... refers the Celtic and
Persian forms to a Sanskrit root
av,
'ire',
whence avana,
rapidity, avani,
river; and he refers the Latin and
Gothic forms to a Sanskrit root
aç
or ak,
'permeare, occupare',
from which spring a number of
derivatives expressive of 'le
mouvement rapide, la force
pénétrante'
...
In view
of the Polynesian forms, Haw., Sam.,
Tagal., and their meanings, I prefer
to follow Benfey and Bopp in
referring the West Aryan as well as
the Polynesian forms to the Sanskrit
ap,
whether that be the original form
itself or a contracted modification
of it.
It
seems to me to have been in the very
nature of language that men in the
olden times should have commenced by
giving distinct and instantaneous
names to objects around them, and to
natural phenomena, before they
invested those objects with names
derived by after-thought and
reflection from this or that quality
characteristic of those objects.
Many, if not most, of such original
names were doubtless lost in the
course of ages, and supplanted by
synonyms derived from and expressive
of some quality or other in the
objects named; but many still
survive to baffle the analysis of
philologists, and to assert their
claims to priority over synonyms
that must necessarily have been of
later formation.
Awa,
s. Haw., Sam., Tah., name of a plant
of a bitter taste, but highly
relished throughout Polynesia - 'Piper
Methysticum' - from which an
intoxicating drink is made; the name
of the liquor itself. Tong., N.
Zeal., Rarot., Marqu., kawa,
id. Haw., awa-awa, bitter.
Sam., a'awa, id. Tong., N.
Zeal., kakawa , sweet.
Sanskr., av, to please,
satisfy, desire (Benfey); ava,
nourishment (Pictet).
Pers.,
âwâ, nourishment; abâ,
bread.
Lat.,
aveo, crave after, long for;
avena, oats. See au 1.
Fornander.
Ivi. 1. Bone;
fishbone. 2. Ivi-tia, sewing
needle. 3. Ivi tika, spine,
vertebra. 4. Ivi atua, being
of the other world. 5. Ivi tumu
atua, seer, wizard. 6. Ivi
heheu swordfish. Vanaga. 1.
Bone, needle; ivi ika,
fishbone; ivi ohio, needle;
ivi tika, fishbone, backbone;
kiko o te ivi tika, pancreas;
ivi heheu, cachalot; ivi
tupapaku, skeleton; ivi uha,
to grow (of mankind); tooa te
kiko e ivi i hakarere, to strip
the flesh from the bones; kai ivi,
to eat remnants; kore te ivi,
cooked too much. 2. Parent, family,
ancestry. Churchill. To bend down to
allow someone to climb on one's back
to be carried (haha);
he-ti-atu a Kaiga i te tua ivi,
he-haha-mai Huri Avai, Kaiga
bent his back and Huri Avai climbed
on his shoulders. Vanaga.
Ana. 1. Cave. 2. If. 3.
Verbal prefix: he-ra'e ana-unu au
i te raau, first I drank
the medicine. Vanaga. 1. Cave,
grotto, hole in the rock. 2. In
order that, if. 3. Particle (na
5); garo atu ana, formerly;
mee koe ana te ariki, the
Lord be with thee. PS Sa.: na,
an intensive postpositive particle.
Anake, unique. T Pau.:
anake, unique, to be alone.
Mgv.: anake, alone, single,
only, solely. Mq.: anake,
anaé, id. Ta.: anae, all,
each, alone, unique. Anakena,
July. Ananake, common,
together, entire, entirely, at once,
all, general, unanimous, universal,
without distinction, whole, a
company; piri mai te tagata
ananake, public; kite aro o
te mautagata ananake, public;
mea ananake, impartial; koona
ananake, everywhere. Churchill.
Splendor; a name applied in the
Society Islands to ten conspicious
stars which served as pillars of the
sky. Ana appears to be
related to the Tuamotuan ngana-ia,
'the heavens'. Henry translates
ana as aster, star. The
Tahitian conception of the sky as
resting on ten star pillars is
unique and is doubtless connected
with their cosmos of ten heavens.
The Hawaiians placed a pillar (kukulu)
at the four corners of the earth
after Egyptian fashion; while the
Maori and Moriori considered a
single great central pillar as
sufficient to hold up the heavens.
It may be recalled that the Moriori
Sky-propper built up a single pillar
by placing ten posts one on top of
the other. Makemson.
Tupa. Ancient buildings
found scattered along the coast;
made of stone, and almost all of
them round, they served as shelters
for fishermen. Tupatupa, to
carry (someone) on a stretcher; to
carry (a load) with the help of
several people. Vanaga. 1. Land
crab. PS Mgv.: tutupa, a
large crayfish. Mq., Ta.: tupa,
land crab. Sa., To., Fu.: tupa,
a land crab with large claws. 2.
Mixture, to carry, tupatupa,
to bring in one dead or wounded.
Tupapaku, corpse. T Pau.:
tupapaku, corpse, ghost. Mgv.:
tupapaku, corpse, sick
person. Mq.: tupapaku,
tupapaú, id. Ta.: tupapau,
corpse, ghost, specter. Churchill.
Kupa, v. Haw., to dig
out, hollow out, as a canoe or a
trench; kupa-paku, a place
deep down in the ground. Tah.,
tupa, to dig out, hollow out,
scoop out. Fiji., cuva, to
stoop, bow down. Mal., kubur,
grave, tomb. Sunda., tumbuk,
a hook, a staple. Sanskr., kûpa,
a well, a pit.; kûpa-kara, a
well-digger; kub-ja,
humpbacked, crooked; kumbha,
a pot, jar. Benfey (Sanskr. Dict.)
refers the two latter to a lost verb
kubh, with an original
signification of 'to be crooked'. He
offers no etymon, however, for
kûpa, well, pit. The Polynesians
reconcile the two. The Sanskrit
kûpa finds its kindred in the
Hawaiian and Tahitian kupa,
and the Sanskrit kumbha,
ku-ja, and kubh, with a
primary sense of 'crooked', refer
themselves to the Fijian cuva,
'to stoop, low down', a sense now
lost within the Polynesian dialects
proper. Pers., kuftan,
kaftan, to dig, cleave; kuft,
kâf, fissure. Armen., kup,
pit, cistern. Greek, κυπτω,
to bend forward, to stoop down;
κυφος,
humpbacked; κυμβη,
a cup, a boat, a wallet;
σκυφος,
a cup; κυψελη,
any hollow vessel. Lat.,
cubo, lie, recline: concumbo,
incumbo; cupa, a vat,
cask. Goth., kumbjan, lie
down, recline; hups, the
hips, loins. A.-Sax., cop, a
hollow vessel, cup. Anc. Slav.,
kâpona, a goblet. Russ.,
kopati, to dig; a cistern.
Welsh, cwb or cwpan, a
hollow place, kennel or cote. Gael.,
tubag, tub. Fornander.
Ika. 1. Fish. 2. In some cases,
animal in general: îka ariga
koreh[v?]a, animal with the face
of a koreva fish (name given
to horses when they arrived on the
island, because of the resemblance
of their heads with that of a
koreva). 3. Victim (wounded or
killed), enemy who must be killed,
person cursed by a timo and
destined to die; îka reirei,
vanquished enemy, who is kicked (rei).
4. Corpse of man fallen in war.
Vanaga. 1. Fish, animal; ika rere,
flying fish; ivi ika,
fishbone; mata ika, pearl. P
Pau., Mgv., Mq.: ika, fish.
Ta.: ia, id. 2. Prey, victim,
sacrifice; ika ke avai mo,
abuse; hakarere ki te ika, to
avenge. T Mgv.: ikaiara, to
quarrel; ikatamamea, to be
angry because another has handled
one's property. Mq.: ika,
enemy, what causes horror. Ma.:
ika, the first person killed in
a fight. Mangaia: ika, a
victim for sacrifice. 3? matamata
ika, snow. Ikahi, to fish
with a line, to angle. Mq.: ikahi,
id. Ikakato, to go fishing.
Ikakohau, to fish with a
line, to angle. Ikapotu,
cape, end of a voyage, destination;
ikapotu hakarere, to abut, to
adjoin; topa te ikapotu, id.;
tehe oho te ikapotu, id.;
mei nei tehe i oho mai ai inei te
ikapotu, as far as, to.
Ikapuhi, to fish with a torch.
Mq.: ikapuhi, id. Churchill. |