next page previous page table of contents home

115. The ultimate proof is out there to see for yourself. But insight requires an internalized map - based on the outside world.

How can one convince someone who does not possess such a corresponding map? And coversely, how can I be sure that I have aquired the map described by others?

For one thing, we must share a common view not only of the outside world but also of our inside cosmos.

The rongorongo texts offers possibilities - together with another ingredient, viz. the view of the sky at night. We can try to put this pair of aspects side by side in order to deepen our perceptions.

For instance should the peculiar path of Mars be fully explored.

So far we have looked at a few places from November 6 (310) and ahead. We should now try to go in the opposite direction in order to see where Mars would have been visible in the evening of for instance October 7 AD 2022 (although the map above does not represent this year).

However, enlightened by a TV-program yesterday evening I will first propose a fundamental structural feature used in the classical cosmos: In the program was discussed if Irish people could have visited North America around 500 AD. Otherwise it would be hard to account for the little sun observatory constructed by stone slabs and found in Connecticut. The architecture was identical with what could be expected from Irish visitors around that time. No other known culture had something similar.

In a way the observatory in Connecticut resembled - I thought - the very old Mnajdra solar observatory:

Here the rays from the Sun were used to display a pair of crucial times in the year.

... Then I become aware of ... a presence - a faint, ghostly glimmering, like moonglow, that has appeared on the solstice stone. I don't know how long it lasts, a second or two only I would guess, but while it is there it seems less like a projection - which I know it to be - than something immanent within the stone itself. And it seems to function as a herald for it fades almost as soon as it has appeared and in its place the full effect snaps on - instantaneously. It wasn't there, and then it's there. As Chris had described, the effect does curiously resemble a poleaxe, or a flag on a pole, and consists of a 'shaft', narrow at the base but widening a little towards the top, running up the left hand side of the solstice stone, surmounted by a right-facing 'head' or 'flag'. An instant later an almond-shaped spot of light, like an eye, appears a few centimeters to the right of the 'flag' and the effect is complete. Weirdly - I do not claim it has any significance - this flag-on-a-pole symbol is the ancient Egyptian hieroglyph neter, meaning 'god', or 'a god' - and not to be understood at all in the Judaeo-Christian usage of that word but rather as a reference to one of the supernatural powers or principles that guide and balance the universe. Manifested here, in this strange Stone Age temple, it glows, as though lit by inner fire.'

But in fundamental contrast to the Mnajdra temple the Connecticut structure was catching the rays from the sun at winter solstice and the sun at spring equinox (instead of summer solstice).

I guess this idea had become current because precession had forced a gradual extension (Mebsuta) of the ancient map.

Eventually this extension would lead to a change from summer solstice to spring equinox. → 27 = ¼ * 108 → day 365 + 108 + 27 = 500 (May 15).

... The worship of the Divine Child was established in Minoan Crete, its most famous early home in Europe. In 1903, on the site of the temple of Dictaean Zeues - the Zeus who was yearly born in Rhea's cave at Dicte near Cnossos, where Pythagoras spent 'thrice nine hallowed days' of his initiation - was found a Greek hymn which seems to preserve the original Minoan formula in which the gypsum-powdered, sword-dancing Curetes, or tutors, saluted the Child at his birthday feast. In it he is hailed as 'the Cronian one' who comes yearly to Dicte mounted on a sow and escorted by a spirit-throng, and begged for peace and plenty as a reward for their joyful leaps ...

The year had to be stretched out so as to cover the terrain the precession had added, and evidently this extension should eventually measure a quarter. → 365 + 91 = 456 → 64 + 27 = 91.

... 'From the time I was in your womb,' Maui went on, 'I have known the names of these children of yours. Listen,' he said as he pointed to his brothers in turn. 'You are Maui mua, you are Maui roto, you are Maui taha, and you are Maui pae. And as for me, I am Maui potiki, Maui-the-last-born. And here I am.' When he had finished, Taranga had to wipe her eyes because there were tears in them, and she said: 'You are indeed my lastborn son. You are the child of my old age. When I had you, no one knew, and what you have been saying is the truth. Well, as you were formed out of my topknot you can be Maui tikitiki a Taranga.' So that became his name, meaning Maui-formed-in-the-topknot-of-Taranga. And this is very strange, because women in those days did not have topknots. The topknot was the most sacred part of a person, and only men had them ...

A quarter of the precessional cycle =  26000 / 4 = 6500 years. At winter solstice the rays from the Sun entered through one opening (vaha) in the Irish stone observatory and a quarter later, at spring equinox, the perception was that the rays from the Sun were reaching ínto the structure by way of another window in the east → Easter → Easter Island.

To my mind comes the idea that there were twins ('gnomes') born at the winter solstice.

A pair of (y)ears - misseri - were needed because the cycle of the Sun measured 2 π times the radius (the rays).

... In north Asia the common mode of reckoning is in half-year, which are not to be regarded as such but form each one separately the highest unit of time: our informants term them 'winter year' and 'summer year'. Among the Tunguses the former comprises 6½ months, the latter 5, but the year is said to have 13 months; in Kamchatka each contains six months, the winter year beginning in November, the summer year in May; the Gilyaks on the other hand give five months to summer and seven to winter. The Yeneseisk Ostiaks reckon and name only the seven winter months, and not the summer months. This mode of reckoning seems to be a peculiarity of the far north: the Icelanders reckoned in misseri, half-years, not in whole years, and the rune-staves divide the year into a summer and a winter half, beginning on April 14 and October 14 respectively. But in Germany too, when it was desired to denote the whole year, the combined phrase 'winter and summer' was employed, or else equivalent concrete expressions such as 'in bareness and in leaf', 'in straw and in grass' ...

... The tradition preserved by Hyginus in his Poetic Astronomy that the constellation Capricorn ('He-goat') was Zeus's foster-brother Aegipan, the Kid of the Goat Amalthea whose horn Zeus also placed among the stars, shows that Zeus was born at mid-winter when the Sun entered the house of Capricorn ...

80 + 328 (Nashira) = 408, and 328 - 84 = 244 = 164 (Heavenly Gate) + 80:

BABYLONIAN ECLIPTIC CONSTELLATIONS:
26 Mahar sha hi-na Shahū Western One in the Tail of the Goat γ (Nashira) Capricorni 328.0 Febr 12 (408)
27 Arkat sha hi-na Shahū Eastern One in the Tail of the Goat δ (Deneb Algiedi) Capricorni 329.8 Febr 13

... As a lunar station these stars were the Sogdian Sarwa and the Khorasmian Shushak, the Leader; the Persian Hucru, the Good Goer; and the Coptic Khambalia, [also the name of the star λ] Crooked-clawed, λ being substituted for φ; and it is said that they were the Akkadian Lu Lim the He Goat, Gazelle, or Stag, the original perhaps meaning 'King' and employed for δ. ι alone, according to Hommel, was the Death Star, Mulu Bat ...

... On Euphrates it was Lu Lim, the Gazelle, Goat, or Stag, - or perhaps King; and, with ε, probably Mas-tab-ba, another of the seven pairs of Twin-stars of that country. The Hindus called it Āpa, or Āpas, the Waters; and the Chinese, Tsze Seang, the Second Minister of State ...

0  1-iku Field measure  τ (Anunitum) Piscium 16.5 April 6 (461, 96)
 
1 Mahrū-sha-rishu-ku Front of the Head of Ku β (Sheratan), γ (Mesarthim) Arietis 27.4 April 17 (472, 107)
2 Arku-sha-rishu-ku Back of the Head of Ku α (Hamal) Arietis 30.5 April 20 (110)
 
3 Temennu Foundation Stone η (Alcyone) Tauri 56.1 May 16 (136)
4 Pidnu-sha-Shame Furrow of Heaven α (Aldebaran) Tauri 68.2 May 28 (148)
5 Shur-narkabti-sha-iltanu Star in the Bull towards the north β (El Nath) Tauri 80.9 June 9 (160)
6 Shur-narkabti-sha-shūtū Star in the Bull towards the south ζ (Heavenly Gate) Tauri 84.0 June 13 (164)
 
7 Maru-sha-pu-u-mash-mashu Front of the Mouth of the Twins η (Tejat Prior) Gemini 93.4 June 22 (173)
8 Arkū-sha-pu-u-mash-mashu Back of the Mouth of the Twins μ (Tejat Posterior) Gemini 95.4 June 24 (175)
9 Mash-mashu-sha-Risū Twins of the Shepherd (?) γ (Alhena) Gemini 103.8 July 2 (183)
10 Mash-mashu-Mahrū Western One of the Twins α (Castor) Gemini 113.4 July 12 (193)
 
11 Mash-mashu-arkū Eastern One of the Twins β (Pollux) Gemini 116.2 July 15 (196)
12 Arkū-sha-nangaru-sha-shūtu Southeast Star in the Crab δ (Ascellus Australis) Cancri 131.4 July 30 (211)
13 Rishu A. Head of the Lion ε (Ras Elaset Australis) Leonis 146.6 Aug 14 (226)
14 Sharru King α (Regulus) Leonis 152.7 Aug 20 (232)
15 Maru-sha-arkat-Sharru 4th Son behind the King ρ (Shir) Leonis 158.9 Aug 26 (238)
16 Zibbat A. Tail of the Lion β (Denebola) Leonis 178.3 Sept 15 (258)
17 Shēpu-arkū sha-A Hind Leg of the Lion β (Alaraph) Virginis 178.6 Sept 15 (258)
18 Shur-mahrū-shirū Front or West Shur (?) γ (Porrima) Virginis 191.5 Sept 28 (271)

... The Latins called this Porrima, or Antevorta, sometimes Postvorta, names of two ancient goddesses of prophecy, sisters and assistants of Carmenta or Carmentis, worshiped and at times invoked by their women. Porrima was known as Prorsa and Prosa by Aulus Gellius of our 2d century. γ was specially mentioned by Kazwini as itself being Zāwiat al 'Awwā', the Angle, or Corner, of the Barker; and Al Tizini, with Ulug Beg, had much the same name for it; but Al Bīrūnī, qouting from Al Zajjāj, said 'these people are all wrong', and that 'Awwā' here meant 'Turn', referring to the turn, or bend, in the line of stars ...

... There is, however, a remarkable variant where it is said that he [Kullervo in Kalevala] was 'sent to Esthonia to bark under the fence; he barked one year, another one, a little from the third; three years he barked at the smith of his uncle, at the wife (or servant) of the smith as his daughter-in-law' ...

19 Sa-Sha-Shirū Virgin's Girdle α (Spica) Virginis 202.7 Oct 9 (282)

... The verdicts concerning the familiarity of ancient Near Eastern astronomers with the Precession depend, indeed, on arbitrary factors; namely, on the different scholarly opinions about the difficulty of the task. Ernst Dittrich, for instance, remarked that one should not expect much astronomical knowledge from Mesopotamia around 2000 B.C. 'Probably they knew only superficially the geometry of the motions of sun and moon. Thus, if we examine the simple, easily observable motions by means of which one could work out chronological determinants with very little mathematical knowledge, we find only the Precession.' There was also a learned Italian Church dignitary, Domenico Testa, who snatched at this curious argument to prove that the world had been created ex nihilo, as described in the first book of Moses, an event that supposedly happened around 4000 B.C. If the Egyptians had had a background of many millennia to reckon with, who, he asked, could have been unaware of the Precession? 'The very sweepers of their observatories would have known.' ...

Gb2-6 (9 * 29) Gb2-7 Gb2-8 Gb2-9 (35) Gb2-10 (265)
PLACE OF THE SUN
BUNDA (Foundation) / KAKKAB NAMMAΧ (Star of Mighty Destiny)

... β and ξ also constituted the Persian lunar station Bunda and the similar Coptic Upuineuti, the Foundation; but β alone marked the sieu Heu, Hiu, or , Void, anciently Ko, the central one of the seven sieu which, taken together, were known as Heung Wu, the Black Warrior, in the northern quarter of the sky. It is found in Hindu lists as Kalpeny, of unknown signification. On the Euphrates it was Kakkab Nammaχ, the Star of Mighty Destiny, that may have given origin to the title of the manzil [Al Sa'd al Su'ud], as well as to the astrologers' name for it - Fortuna Fortunarum. Al Firuzabadi of Khorasan, editor of Al Kāmūs, the great Arabic dictionary of the 14th century, called some of the smaller stars below this Al Au'ā, the plural of Nau', a Star, but without explanation, and they certainly are inconspicious ...

Al Sa'd al Su'ud-22 (Luckiest of the Lucky) / Emptiness-11 (Rat)

TSIN = 36 Capricorni (325.2), ALPHIRK (The Flock) = β Cephei (325.7), SADALSUD = β Aquarii, ξ Gruis (325.9)

March 14 AD 2024 (Π) MARS

No star listed (326)

CASTRA = ε Capricorni (327.2), BUNDA (Foundation) = ξ Aquarii (327.5)

SIRIUS (α Canis Majoris

Mahar sha hi-na Shahū-26 (Western One in the Tail of the Goat)

NASHIRA (Fortunate One) = γ Capricorni (328.0), ν Oct. (328.3),  AZELFAFAGE (Tail of the Hen) = π¹ Cygni, κ Capricorni (328.7)

Arkat sha hi-na Shahū-27 (Eastern One in the Tail of the Goat)

ENIF (The Nose) = ε Pegasi, ERAKIS = μ Cephei (329.2), 46 CAPRICORNI, JIH (the Sun) = κ Pegasi (329.3), ι Piscis Austrini (329.4), λ Capricorni (329.6), ν Cephei (329.7), DENEB ALGIEDI δ Capricorni (329.8)

*288.0 = *329.4 - *41.4
Febr 9 (40) 10 11 12 (408) 13 (345 + 64)
°Febr 5 (36) 6 7 8 (*324) 9 (40)
'Jan 13 (378) 14 15 (*300) 16 17
"Dec 30 (364) 31 "Jan 1 2 3 (368, *288)
DEC 7 (11 * 31 = 341) 8 9 10 11 (345)
THE NAKSHATRA VIEW:

Al Tarf-7 (The End)

ψ Velorum (143.3), ALTERF = λ Leonis, τ² Hydrae (143.4), ξ Leonis (143.5)

*102.0 = *143.4 - *41.4

A Hydrae (144.1)

VEGA (α Lyrae)

Creation of our present world

UKDAH (Knot) = ι Hydrae (145.4), κ Hydrae (145.5), SUBRA = ο Leonis (145.8)

ALPHEKKA MERIDIANA

*104.0 = *145.4 - *41.4

5 Imix 9 Kumk'u

Rishu A.-13 (Head of the Lion)

ψ Leonis (146.4), RAS ELASET AUSTRALIS = ε Leonis (146.6)

*105.0 = *146.4 - *41.4
VATHORZ PRIOR = υ Carinae (147.9)
UKDAH (THE KNOT)

... σ, 4.6, was Ulug Beg's Al Minhar al Shujā', the Snake's Nose. τ¹, 4.9, flushed white, and τ², 4.6, lilac, with ι and the 5th magnitude A, form the curve in the neck, Ptolemy's Καμπή; but Kazwini knew them as Ukdah, the Knot ...

Aug 11 12 13 (225) 14 15 (227)
"July 1 2 3 (*104) 4 5
JUNE 8 9 10 (161) 11 12
Ga3-20 → Dramasa Ga3-21 Ga3-22 Ga3-23 Ga3-24

... Midsummer is the flowering season of the oak, which is the tree of endurance and triumph, and like the ash is said to 'court the lightning flash'. Its roots are believed to extend as deep underground as its branches rise in the air - Virgil mentions this - which makes it emblematic of a god whose law runs both in Heaven and in the Underworld ... The month, which takes its name from Juppiter the oak-god, begins on June 10th and ends of July 7th. Midway comes St. John's Day, June 24th, the day on which the oak-king was sacrificially burned alive. The Celtic year was divided into two halves with the second half beginning in July, apparently after a seven-day wake, or funeral feast, in the oak-king's honour ...

*118 APRIL 8 9 10 (100, 465) 11 (*21)
365 + 18 = 265 + 118 Gb6-2 (13 * 29½ + ½ = 384) Gb6-3 (385 = 465 - 80) Gb6-4 (229 + 157)
Ga1-18 → 118 = 241 - 123 Ga1-19 → 384 - 365 Ga1-20 Ga1-21 → 101 + 20

KHUFU

MINTAKA (Belt) = δ Orionis, υ Orionis (82.4), χ Aurigae (82.5), ε Columbae (82.6)

*41.0 = *82.4 - *41.4

41 Arietis (Bharani)

KHAFRE

Al Hak'ah-3 (White Spot) / Mrigashīrsha-5 (Stag's Head) / Turtle Head-20 (Monkey) / Mas-tab-ba-tur-tur (Little Twins)

NEBULA = M1 Tauri (83.0), φ¹ Orionis (83.1), HEKA (KAKKAB SAR, the Constellation of the King), λ Orionis, ORION NEBULA = M42 (83.2), φ² Orionis (83.6), ALNILAM (String of Pearls) = ε Orionis (83.7)

MENKAURE 

Three Stars-21 (Gibbon) / Shur-narkabti-sha-shūtū-6 (Star in the Bull towards the south) / ANA-IVA-9 (Pillar of exit)

HEAVENLY GATE = ζ Tauri, ν Columbae (84.0), ω Orionis (84.2),  ALNITAK (Girdle) = ζ Orionis, PHAKT (Phaet) = α Columbae (84.7)

ο Aurigae (85.8), γ Leporis (85.9)

YANG MUN (α Lupi) 
June 11 (162) 12 (*448) 13 (*84) 14 (530)
°June 7 8 (*444) 9 (*80) 10 (161)
'May 15 (500 = 365 + 135) 16 (136. *56) 17 (*422) 18 (*58)
"May 1 (486 = 468 + 18) 2 (*407) 3 (123) 4 (*44)
THE NAKSHATRA VIEW:
OCT 7 (280) 8 (*201) 9 (282) 10 (648 = 365 + 283)
LESATH (Sting) = υ (325) Scorpii, δ Arae (264.7), CHOO (Club) = α Arae (264.9)

Al Shaula-17

ALWAID (Mother Camels) = β Draconis, MAASYM (Wrist) = λ Herculis (265.1), SHAULA (Sting) = λ Scorpii (265.3), KUMA = ν Draconis (265.6), σ Arae (265.9)

HAMAL (α ARIETIS)

RAS ALHAGUE (Head of the Serpent Charmer) = α Ophiuchi (266.1), SARGAS = θ Scorpii (266.3), μ Ophiuchi, π Arae (266.5), NAN HAE (Southern Sea) = ξ Serpentis (266.6), AL DHĪLI (The Wolf) = ω Draconis, ι Herculis (266.7) λ Arae (267.1), GIRTAB (Seizer) = κ Scorpii, ο Serpentis (267.6), DSIBAN (Wolf Pair) = ψ Draconis (267.9)
Dec 10 (*264) 11 (345) 12 13 (Lucia)
°Dec 6 (*260) 7 (341) 8 9 (7 * 7 * 7 = 343)
'Nov 13 (*237) 14 (318) 15 16 (320)
"Oct 30 31 (304) "Nov 1 2 (*226)
Ga7-31 (200) Ga7-32 Ga7-33 (202) Ga7-34

... The 'classic' version, however, was much more detailed: the rope would seem to rise high into the skies, disappearing from view. The boy would climb the rope and be lost to view. The magician would call back his boy assistant, and, on getting no response, become furious. The magician then armed himself with a knife or sword and climbed the rope, vanishing too. An argument would be heard, and then limbs would start falling, presumably cut from the assistant by the magician. When all the parts of the body, including the torso, landed on the ground, the magician would climb down the rope. He would collect the limbs and put them in a basket, or collect the limbs in one place and cover them with a cape or blanket. Soon the boy would appear, restored ...