493. Once again. If we should use the ancient time-frame of Bharani, then it ought to be necessary to count with the date for spring equinox which had been used before the Pope Gregory XIII changed it, viz. with day 84. However, it was explicitly stated that the solstice was in 21 December - not at 25 December which would have been in harmony with the Julian equinox day for spring equinox. So 21 December in the year 1778 should probably be understood as December 21 in the Gregorian calendar.

... Cook's first visit, to Kaua'i Island in January 1778, fell within the traditional months of the New Year rite (Makahiki). He returned to the Islands late in the same year, very near the recommencement of the Makahiki ceremonies. Arriving now off northern Maui, Cook proceeded to make a grand circumnavigation of Hawai'i Island in the prescribed clockwise direction of Lono's yearly procession, to land at the temple in Kealakekua Bay where Lono begins and ends his own circuit. The British captain took his leave in early February 1779, almost precisely on the day the Makahiki ceremonies closed. But on his way out to Kahiki, the Resolution sprung a mast, and Cook committed the ritual fault of returning unexpectedly and unintelligibly. The Great Navigator was now hors catégorie, a dangerous condition as Leach and Douglas have taught us, and within a few days he was really dead - though certain priests of Lono did afterward ask when he would come back ...

And, indeed, 26 years before 1778 the Gregorian calendar had been adopted also by the British:

... The reform was adopted initially by the Catholic countries of Europe. Protestants and Eastern Orthodox countries continued to use the traditional Julian calendar and adopted the Gregorian reform after a time, for the sake of convenience in international trade. The last European country to adopt the reform was Greece, as late as 1923 ... Britain and the British Empire (including the eastern part of what is now the United States) adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752, by which time it was necessary to correct by 11 days. Wednesday, 2 September 1752, was followed by Thursday, 14 September 1752 ...

Therefore both 18 November and 21 December were probably according to the Gregorian calendar. We can then conclude that the rule of adding 16 days to the true heliacal date of a star in order to reach the day when the star became visible again should be applied only to observations made in the early mornings before Sun-rise. Observations of stars at the horixon in the east done just after Sun-down were presumably not as difficult because then the Sun was at the back side and not in front of the observer.

... The correspondence between the winter solstice and the kali'i rite of the Makahiki is arrived at as follows: ideally, the second ceremony of 'breaking the coconut', when the priests assemble at the temple to spot the rising of the Pleiades, coincides with the full moon (Hua tapu) of the twelfth lunar month (Welehu). In the latter eighteenth century, the Pleiades appear at sunset on 18 November. Ten days later (28 November), the Lono effigy sets off on its circuit, which lasts twenty-three days, thus bringing the god back for the climactic battle with the king on 21 December, the solstice (= Hawaiian 16 Makali'i). The correspondence is 'ideal' and only rarely achieved, since it depends on the coincidence of the full moon and the crepuscular rising of the Pleiades ...

In May 16 Alcyone was at the Sun but not possible to observe. In November 14 the star was close to the Full Moon and maybe the rays from the descending Sun required an addition with 18 - 14 = 4 days in order to perceive her. Or pehaps an addition with 3 days because of the difference between the epoch of 1842 AD (my assumed time-frame for rongorono) and 1778 AD (= 64 years).

te ua	koia ra	kua tuku ki to mata - ki tona tukuga	e kiore - henua - pa rei
Pa. 1. Mgv.: pa, an inclosure, a fenced place. Ta.: pa, inclosure, fortification. Mq.: pa, inclosure. Sa.: pa, a wall. Ma.: pa, a fort. 2. Mgv.: pa, to touch. Sa.: pa'i, id. Ma.: pa, id. 3. Mgv.: pa, to prattle. Ta.: hakapapa, to recount. 4. Mq.: pa, a hook in bonito fishing. Sa.: pa, a pearlshell fishhook. Ma.: pa, a fishhook. Pau.: hakapa, to feel, to touch. Mgv.: akapa, to feel, to touch, to handle cautiously.

*Cb2-4 (420 = 7 60)**	Cb2-5	Cb2-6 (30)	Cb2-7
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:
May 14 δ Persei (54.7)	15 (500 = 365 + 135) *Al Thurayya-27 (Many Little Ones) / Krittikā-3 (Nurses of Kārttikeya) / TAU-ONO (Six Stones)* ATIKS = ο Persei, RANA (Frog) = δ Eridani (55.1), CELAENO (16 Tauri), ELECTRA (17), TAYGETA (19), ν Persei (55.3), MAIA (20), ASTEROPE (21), MEROPE (23) (55.6)	16 (136) *Hairy Head-18 (Cockerel) / Temennu-3 (Foundation Stone)* ALCYONE (56.1), PLEIONE (28 Tauri), ATLAS (27 Tauri) (56.3)	17 MENKHIB (Next to the Pleiades = ζ Persei (57.6) ~~PORRIMA (γ Virginis)~~
'April 17	18 (108)	*19 (475 = 19 25)**	20
"April 3	4	5	6 (96)
MARCH 11	12 (135 - 64 = 71)	13	14 (→ π)

CLOSE TO THE SUN:
Nov 13 κ Librae (237.2), ι Serpentis (237.4), ψ² Lupi, ρ Oct. (237.5), γ Cor. Borealis, η Librae (237.7), COR SERPENTIS = α Serpentis (237.9) 196.0 = 237.4 - *41.4	14 π Cor. Borealis, UNUK ELHAIA (Necks of the Serpents) = λ Serpentis (238.1), CHOW = β Serpentis (238.6)	15 κ Serpentis (239.3), δ Cor. Borealis, TIĀNRŪ = μ Serpentis (239.5), χ Lupi, (239.6), ω Serpentis (239.7), BA (= Pa) = ε Serpentis, χ Herculis (239.8). κ Cor. Borealis, ρ Serpentis (239.9)	16 (320) λ Librae (240.0), β Tr. Austr. (240.3), κ Tr. Austr. (240.4), ρ Scorpii (240.8) 199.0 = 240.4 - *41.4
'Oct 17	18	*19 (292 = 4 73)**	20
"Oct 3	4 (277)	5	6
SEPT 10	11	*12 (255 = 3 85)**	13

According to Metoro we should count (hia) from a birth (hanau) when the Full Moon had gone a day past Betelgeuze:

manu rere

tagata - hanau hia

kiore - henua

Cb3-13 (454)

Cb3-14 (63 = 30 + 33 = 59 + 4)

Cb3-15 (348 - 62)

CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:

June 17 (84 + 84 = 336 - 168)

Ardra-6 (The Moist One) / ANA-VARU-8 (Pillar to sit by)

χ¹ Orionis, ξ Aurigae (88.1), BETELGEUZE = α Orionis (88.3), ξ Columbae (88.5), σ Columbae (88.7)

~~ZUBEN ELGENUBI (α Librae)~~

η Leporis (89.0), PRAJA-PĀTI (Lord of Created Beings) = δ Aurigae, MENKALINAN (Shoulder of the Rein-holder) = β Aurigae, MAHASHIM (Wrist) = θ Aurigae, and γ Columbae (89.3), π Aurigae (89.4), η Columbae (89.7)

*48.0 = *89.4 - *41.4

μ Orionis (90.3), χ² Orionis (90.5)

'May 21

22 (142 = 169 - 27)

"May 7 (127)

8 (2 * 64 = 169 - 41)

APRIL 14 (104 = 168 - 64)

... The earliest depiction that has been linked to the constellation of Orion is a prehistoric (Aurignacian) mammoth ivory carving found in a cave in the Ach valley in Germany in 1979. Archaeologists have estimated it to have been fashioned approximately 32,000 to 38,000 years ago ... The artist cut, smoothed and carved one side (A) and finely notched the other side (B) and the edges. Side A contains the half-relief of an anthropoidal figure, either human or a human-feline hybrid, known as the 'adorant' because its arms are raised as if in an act of worship.

Egyptian jubilation

Phoenician he

Greek epsilon

Ε (ε)

Wikipedia points at the Egyptian gesture with arms held high as a Sign of jubilation, which may have been the origin (via Phoenician he) of epsilon.

On side B together with the four edges is a series of notches that are clearly set in an intentional pattern. The edges contain a total of 39 notches in groups of 6, 13, 7 and 13. A further 49 notches on side B are arranged in four vertical lines of 13, 10, 12 and 13 respectively plus a further notch that could be in either of the middle two lines ... The grouping of the notches on the plate suggests a time-related sequence. The total number of notches (88) not only coincides with the number of days in 3 lunations (88.5) but also approximately with the number of days when the star Betelgeuse (α Ori) disappeared from view each year between its heliacal set (about 14 days before the spring equinox around 33,000 BP) and its heliacal rise (approximately 19 days before the summer solstice).

Conversely, the nine-month period when Orion was visible in the sky approximately matched the duration of human pregnancy, and the timing of the heliacal rise in early summer would have facilitated a ‘rule of thumb’ whereby, by timing conception close to the reappearance of the constellation, it could be ensured that a birth would take place after the severe winter half-year, but leaving enough time for sufficient nutrition of the baby before the beginning of the next winter. There is a resemblance between the anthropoid on side A and the constellation Orion. None of these factors is convincing when taken in isolation, because of the high probability that apparently significant structural and numerical coincidences might have arisen fortuitously. However, taken together they suggest that the anthropoid represented an asterism equivalent to today’s constellation of Orion, and that the ivory plate as a whole related to a system of time reckoning linked to the moon and to human pregnancy. If so, then ethnographic comparisons would suggest that the Geißenklösterle culture related their ‘anthropoid’ asterism to perceived cycles of cosmic power and fertility ...

CLOSE TO THE SUN:

Dec 17

RUKBALGETHI GENUBI (Bending Claw) = θ Herculis (271.1), ξ Herculis (271.5), ETAMIN (Head) = γ Draconis, ν Herculis (271.7), ν Ophiuchi (271.8)

18 (352 = 348 + 4)

Cat's Eye = NGC6543 Draconis (272.2), ζ Serpentis (272.4), τ Ophiuchi (272.9)

*231.0 = *272.4 - *41.4

Winnowing Basket-7 (Leopard)

18h (273.4 = 232.0 + 41.4)

NASH (Point) = γ Sagittarii

'Nov 20

21 (325)

And then - 4 days after Betelgeuze - the 'Sun Flower' was 'wilting' at the solstice in December 21:

henua kua hoi	kua ka te ahi o te henua	o te henua kua hoi	ko te henua kua vero te ahi	kiore - henua

Cb3-16	Cb3-17 (66 = 30 + 36)	Cb3-18	Cb3-19 (460 = 392 + 68)	Cb3-20
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:
June 20 6h (91.3) ν Orionis (91.4), θ Columbae (91.5), π Columbae (91.6) 50.0 = 91.4 - *41.4	Solstice ξ Orionis (92.5)	22 *Al Han'ah-4 (Brand) / Maru-sha-pu-u-mash-mashu-7 (Front of the Mouth of the Twins)* TEJAT PRIOR = η Gemini (93.4), γ Monocerotis (93.5), κ Aurigae (93.6), κ Columbae (93.8) 52.0 = 93.4 - *41.4	23 FURUD = ζ Canis Majoris (94.9)	24 (365 + 175 = 540) **Well-22 (Tapir) / Arkū-sha-pu-u-mash-mashu-8 (Back of the Mouth of the Twins)** δ Columbae (95.2), TEJAT POSTERIOR = μ Gemini, MIRZAM (The Roarer) = β Canis Majoris (95.4), CANOPUS (Canopy) = α Carinae (95.6), ε Monocerotis (95.7), ψ1 Aurigae (95.9) 54.0 = 95.4 - *41.4
*'May 24 (12 12)**	25	26 (146 = 173 - 27)	27	28
"April 30 (130)	"May 1	2	3	4
APRIL 17	18 (108 = 172 - 64)	19	20	21

CLOSE TO THE SUN:
Dec 20 (354 = 350 + 4) Zhōngshān (274.0), π Pavonis (274.6)	Solstice ι Pavonis (275.1), POLIS = μ Sagittarii (275.9) ~~MENKAR (α Ceti)~~	22 η Sagittarii (276.9)	*Purva Ashadha-20 (Winnowing Basket)*
		22 η Sagittarii (276.9)	23 KAUS MEDIUS = δ Sagittarii, κ Lyrae (277.5), TUNG HAE (Heavenly Eastern Sea) = η Serpentis (277.7), SHAOU PIH (Minor Minister) = φ Draconis (277.8), KWEI SHE = χ Draconis (277.9)	24 φ Oct. (278.1), KAUS AUSTRALIS = ε Sagittarii (278.3), ξ Pavonis (278.4), AL ATHFAR (The Talons of the Falling Eagle) = μ Lyrae (278.6) 237.0 = 278.4 - *41.4
'Nov 23 (354 - 27 = 327)	24	25 (329 = 146 + 183)	26	27
"Nov 9 (354 - 41 = 313)	→ π	11	12	13
OCT 17	18 (291 = 355 - 64)	19	20	21
... As has already been mentioned, the Delphians worshipped Dionysus once a year as the new-born child, Liknites, 'the Child in the Harvest Basket', which was a shovel-shaped basket of rush and osier used as a harvest basket, a cradle, a manger, and a winnowing-fan for tossing the grain up into the air against the wind, to separate it from the chaff. The worship of the Divine Child was established in Minoan Crete, its most famous early home in Europe. In 1903, on the site of the temple of Dictaean Zeues - the Zeus who was yearly born in Rhea's cave at Dicte near Cnossos, where Pythagoras spent 'thrice nine hallowed days' of his initiation - was found a Greek hymn which seems to preserve the original Minoan formula in which the gypsum-powdered, sword-dancing Curetes, or tutors, saluted the Child at his birthday feast. In it he is hailed as 'the Cronian one' who comes yearly to Dicte mounted on a sow and escorted by a spirit-throng, and begged for peace and plenty as a reward for their joyful leaps ...

The circuit of Lono took 23 days and counting 66 (Cb3-17) minus 23 results in 43 (Cb2-19) at November 28 (corresponding to May 29 on Easter Island):

manu rere - toga	manu	toga	ka tuu te toga o te manu	kua tapu - no te manu
Toga. 1. Winter season. Two seasons used to be distinguished in ancient times: hora, summer, and toga, winter. 2. To lean against somehing; to hold something fast; support, post supporting the roof. 3. To throw something with a sudden movement. 4. To feed oneself, to eat enough; e-toga koe ana oho ki te aga, eat well first when you go to work. Vanaga. 1. Winter. P Pau., Mgv.: toga, south. Mq.: tuatoka, east wind. Ta.: toa, south. 2. Column, prop; togatoga, prop, stay. Togariki, northeast wind. Churchill. Wooden platform for a dead chief: ka tuu i te toga (Bb8-42), when the wooden platform has been erected. Barthel 2. The expressions Tonga, Kona, Toa (Sam., Haw., Tah.), to indicate the quarter of an island or of the wind, between the south and west, and Tokelau, Toerau, Koolau (Sam., Haw., Tah.), to indicate the opposite directions from north to east - expressions universal throughout Polynesia, and but little modified by subsequent local circumstances - point strongly to a former habitat in lands where the regular monsoons prevailed. Etymologically 'Tonga', 'Kona', contracted from 'To-anga' or 'Ko-ana', signifies 'the setting', seil. of the sun. 'Toke-lau', of which the other forms are merely dialectical variations, signifies 'the cold, chilly sea'. Fornander.

Cb2-17	Cb2-18	Cb2-19	Cb2-20 (436)	Cb2-21
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:
May 27 no star listed (67)	28 (148) *Rohini-4 (The Red One) /* Pidnu-sha-Shame-4 (Furrow of Heaven) / ANA-MURI-2 (Rear pillar - at the foot of which was the place for tattooing) ALDEBARAN = α Tauri (68.2), THEEMIN = υ² Eridani (68.5)	29 (356 + 149 = 514) no star listed (69)	*30 (→ 5 30 = 150) no star listed (70)**	31 TABIT = π³ Orionis (71.7), π² Orionis (71.9) 320 (South Pole star, Dramasa) - 71 (Tabit) = 249 (Antares)
'April 30	*'May 1 (121 = 11 11)**	2	3	4
"April 16	17 (107 = 148 - 41)	18	19	20
MARCH 24	25 (84 = 148 - 64)	26	27	28
CLOSE TO THE SUN:
Nov 26 γ Apodis (250.1), σ Herculis (250.3), θ Tr. Austr. (250.6), τ Scorpii (250.7)	27 (148 + 183) HAN = ζ Ophiuchi (251.0)	28 (332) ζ Herculis, η Tr. Austr. (252.1), η Herculis, β Apodis (252.5)	29 (150 + 183) ATRIA = α Tr. Austr. (253.9)	*30 (254 = 71 + 183) Tail-6 (Tiger) WEI (Tail) = ε Scorpii, η Arae (254.3), DENEBAKRAB = μ Scorpii (254.7)**
'Oct 30	31	'Nov 1	2 (306 = 333 - 27)	3
"Oct 16	17	18	19 (292 = 333 - 41)	20
SEPT 23	24	25	26	27 (270 = 334 - 64)

ku kikiu - i te henua	koia ra	tagata tua ivi - te henua	tagata tua ivi - ki te henua
Ivi. 1. Bone; fishbone. 2. Ivi-tia, sewing needle. 3. Ivi tika, spine, vertebra. 4. Ivi atua, being of the other world. 5. Ivi tumu atua, seer, wizard. 6. Ivi heheu swordfish. Vanaga. 1. Bone, needle; ivi ika, fishbone; ivi ohio, needle; ivi tika, fishbone, backbone; kiko o te ivi tika, pancreas; ivi heheu, cachalot; ivi tupapaku, skeleton; ivi uha, to grow (of mankind); tooa te kiko e ivi i hakarere, to strip the flesh from the bones; kai ivi, to eat remnants; kore te ivi, cooked too much. 2. Parent, family, ancestry. Churchill. To bend down to allow someone to climb on one's back to be carried (haha); he-ti-atu a Kaiga i te tua ivi, he-haha-mai Huri Avai, Kaiga bent his back and Huri Avai climbed on his shoulders. Vanaga.

Cb2-22 (46 = 30 + 16)	Cb2-23	Cb2-24	Cb2-25
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:
June 1 (152 = 136 + 16) π4 Orionis (72.1), ο¹ Orionis (72.4), π5 Orionis (72.8) 31.0 = 72.4 - *41.4	2 π¹ Orionis (73.0), ο² Orionis (73.4), HASSALEH = ι Aurigae (73.6), π6 Orionis (73.9) 32.0 = 73.4 - *41.4	3 ALMAAZ (The Male Goat) = ε Aurigae (74.7), HAEDUS I = ζ Aurigae (74.8)	4 (365 + 155 = 520) HAEDUS II = η Aurigae (75.9)
'May 5 (125 = 152 - 27)	6	7	*8 (2 64)**
"April 21 (111 = 152 - 41)	22	23	24
MARCH 29 (88 = 152 - 64)	30	31	APRIL 1

CLOSE TO THE SUN:
Dec 1 Ophiuchi (255.3), GRAFIAS (Claws) = ζ Scorpii (255.4) 214.0 = 255.4 - *41.4	*2 (320 + 16 = 4 84)** κ Ophiuchi (256.2), ζ Arae (256.5), ε Arae (256.8), CUJAM (Club) = ε Herculi (256.9)	3 no star listed (257)	4 17h (258.7) ARRAKIS = μ Draconis (258.7)
'Nov 4	5	6 (310 = 337 - 27)	7
"Oct 21	22 (295 = 336 - 41)	23	24
SEPT 28	*29 (272 = 2 136)**	30	OCT 1

There were 168 days from Betelgeuze at the handle of the club of Orion to Cujam in Hercules - at the right ascension line of the handle of his club as Hevelius has illustrated it.

May 16 (137)

Pleiades Below

185

Nov 19 (323 = 320 + 3)

Pleiades Above

June 17 (168 = 2 * 84)

BETELGEUZE

"May 7 (127 = 168 - 41)

APRIL 14 (104 = 168 - 64)

167

Dec 2 (336 = 295 + 41)

CUJAM

"Oct 22 (295 = 323 - 28)

SEPT 29 (272 = 323 - 51)

168 + 18 = 186 = 180 + 6. And 2 * 180 = 360 = 4 * 90 could have been a structure which corresponded to 2 * 160 = 320 = 4 * 80.

The Mayas used number 168 in order to move ahead in the cycles of time, we should remember:

At Pisces we can here recognize the ancient epsilon sign (Egyptian jubilation) with hands raised high as if in jubilation or in mourning → winnowing basket.

... The sun at noon is the sun declining; the creature born is the creature dying ...

In the idiom of rongorongo ε seems to have become the viri type of glyph - both signs having been turned a quarter of a circle towards the right, presumably to illustrate how precession had moved the stars a quarter of a year ahead in the calendar.

... The viri glyph type is correlated with number 29, which refers to the 29th night of the moon, when she no longer is visible after having shone for 28 nights. Viri is also correlated with major cardinal points, especially with winter solstice and the 'navel' (pito) - presumably because those are dark times ...

59		520		481		270
	Ab1-1		Ab7-26		Aa5-7		Aa8-26
*580 = 20 29**			*754 = 26 29**

29 can be explained as 365 - 4 * 84.

Viri. 1. To wind, to coil, to roll up; he viri i te hau, to wind, coil a string (to fasten something). 2. To fall from a height, rolling over, to hurl down, to fling down. Viriviri, round, spherical (said of small objects). Viviri te henua, to feel dizzy (also: mimiro te henua). Vanaga. To turn in a circle, to clew up, to groom, to twist, to dive from a height, to roll (kaviri). Hakaviri, crank, to groom, to turn a wheel, to revolve, to screw, to beat down; kahu hakaviri, shroud. Viriga, rolling, danger. Viriviri, ball, round, oval, bridge, roll, summit, shroud, to twist, to wheel round, to wallow. Hakaviriviri, to roll, to round; rima hakaviriviri, stroke of the flat, fisticuff. P Pau.: viriviri, to brail, to clew up; koviriviri, twisting. Mgv.: viri, to roll, to turn, to twist; viviri, to fall to the ground again and again in a fight. Mq.: vii, to slide, to roll, to fall and roll. Ta.: viri, to roll up, to clew up. Viritopa, danger. Mgv.: Viripogi, eyes heavy with sleep. Mq.: viipoki, swooning, vertigo. Churchill. Viti: vili, to pick up fallen fruit or leaves ... In Viti virimbai has the meaning of putting up a fence (mbai fence); viri does not appear independently in this use, but it is undoubtedly homogenetic with Samoan vili, which has a basic meaning of going around; virikoro then signifies the ring-fence-that-goes-about, sc. the moon. In the Maori, aokoro is the cloud-fence ... Churchill 2.