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TRANSLATIONS
The structure of the G text is evidently beginning with Gb8-30 and from there are counted not only multiples of lunar months but also the days (or rather nights) where each glyph is one day:
With Tama (as in tamaiti, child) at 14 * 29.5 = 413 (and with 7 * 3 = 21, 'one more' than 20) a new 'lunar' year has come. 20 * 20 = 400 probably is the full measure of such a year. We should recall the tresses of Pachamama:
7 tresses at left and 7 at right altogether with 400 wedge signs. 413 is the closest approximation if we count with lunar months à 29.5 nights. 12 * 29.5 = 354 is the limit (hatiga) for the sun year, the closest approximation to 365.25 days. It contains three tertials à 118 nights. In order to make a 'square' it is necessary to add a fourth tertial: 4 * 118 = 472. If we then try to apply the calendar in order to follow the path of the sun, we naturally should first try to begin at the same place, and 12 glyphs (nights) into Hatinga Te Kohe (at 12 * 29.5 = 354) the very last traces of the solar year are swept away by the keepers of time:
364 can be understood as 26 fortnights, and number 26 then becomes a numerical symbol for the last 'residence' of the sun king. According to Manuscript E the 26th kuhane station is Hanga Moria One. With 360 = 12 * 30 as a standard solar year, moving away altogether from the influence of the moon, a tamaiti glyph should be located after 180 days, and so it is:
The natural basic method for counting the solar year is to have two seasons (summer and winter, 'leaf' and 'straw', etc.) A new season is coming after 180 days, and when we jokingly talk about the arrival of the new year 'baby' at the beginning of our year, so an agricultural society could vey well have said that a new (half-)year tamaiti should come in day 181. Ga7-11 is the first glyph in a sequence which delineates the halfway 'stations' also with the year measured as 364 or 366 days:
When the solar year is ending, you have to jump to Gb8-30 and start again with next year. If you have chosen a year measuring say 360 days, you have to wait a few nights before you should start counting days again. The above is a description of the basic calendar in G. You follow the phases of the moon and all goes well because the text is based on 29.5 glyph equalling a month. But the number of glyphs is 471, and gradually the phases of the moon will move away from the calendar, unless you make a correction with 1 night every 16 months. This you can do by beginning with Gb8-30 and end with Gb8-30, counting it twice for each cycle of the text. After 16 months the cycle of the text (472 nights) is finished. This lunar calendar cycle does not follow the sun. To follow the sun you use the text as described above in a separate cycle. The solstices are like the phases of the moon fundamental observations which ought to be described in the calendar text. We have arrived at a conclusion that winter solstice lies at Gb6-26:
Suppose we observe winter solstice and then begin counting days from Ga6-27:
The 400 nights of the old lunar year are in the past and a new sun tamaiti is on his way (Gb7-3). From Gb6-27 to the end of side b there are 472 - 409 = 63 (= 7 * 9) nights. The beginning of the calendar text comes two months after winter solstice. Thinking in our own wellknown frame of reference it would mean the calendar text does not begin with January but with March. South of the equator the seasons are reversed and our January equals July (and our March is September). In both cases (our March and their September) the month in question is the one in which we find spring equinox. Counting from Gb6-27 and forward into side a, we find a sudden interruption. After 183 days (half 366) we find a new solstice sign (left in Gb5-10):
If we should take no notice and count on, we will not arrive at Gb6-26 after 366 days - the text cycle is 472 glyphs long and we have to take away 63 from 472. The glyph we find when we have counted to 366 must be that with ordinal number 303 as counted from Gb8-30:
At the summary of moe in the dictionary it was suggested Gb2-12 signified that moon was 'pushing', because of the location in the text and because moe glyphs could mean a light appearing at the horizon in the east before the luminary itself was rising:
This explanation is still possible, because the kuhane station is Hua Reva (10 * 29.5 = 295), a time when the 'spirit of the dead old sun' could be rising, reva, like the fruitlike growing moon of Ohua in the 26th glyph in the Mamari moon calendar - marking the 10th night of the month. Another explanation is now emerging, however, because Gb3-12 stands at day number 366 as counted from the new year beginning with Gb6-27:
If we read Gb3-12 this way, the rising luminary will be the new sun emerging beyond winter solstice. If you have counted nights from the previous winter solstice, then Gb3-12 will function as a reminder that a new year has arrived and that a jump to Gb6-27 should be in order. Possibly also Ga6-6 (147) has such a function. 147 + 63 = 210 and somebody who is counting days from Gb6-27 in order to reach 7 months à 30 days will get a wakeup call. 6 * 6 = 36 = 3 * 12, both moe glyphs appears to be connected with the sun rather than with the moon. Te Varu Kainga, 8 Land, explains why there are 8 glyph lines on each side of the G tablet. The sun grows from line b7 and on to the final in line a6:
At Ga7-1 a viri indicates a new season will begin. Tamaiti at Ga7-11 is on his way. At Ga7-7 the 6th lunar month is beginning.
At right in Ga7-15 hua poporo indicates the new season as one which will bear fruit. The sun shark of spring (mago) in Ga7-16 is turning around, he cannot move beyond day 186 (as counted from Gb8-30), because the solar year cannot be longer than 366 days and there must be (at least) 180 days for the autumn season. If we wish to calculate with 364 days in a year, we can count from vaha mea at Ga1-4 up to and including mago:
If we wish to count with 360 days in a year, we can count the glyphs between vaha mea and mago. |
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