TRANSLATIONS

TRANSLATIONS

Next page in the chain following the link '271':

71 is an odd prime number, and equal to 70 plus 1. It is therefore easy to associate 71 with other odd prime numbers with a final 1.

11, for instance, means 'one more' (than what can be counted on the fingers). 31 is one more than what is determined by 360 / 12. And 61 is one more than a solar double-month. And so on.

70 (which 71 is one more than) is used in the henua calendar in G. There it possibly indicates 10 * 7, as a 'grander' kind of week:

G	period no.	number of glyphs
	-	50	50
	0	7	7
	1, 2, 3	8 + 4 + 7 = 19	35	19
	4, 5, 6	3 + 2 + 3 = 8		27
	7, 8, 9	4 + 2 + 2 = 8		35
	10, 11, 12	2 + 3 + 2 = 7	35	42
	13, 14, 15	4 + 3 + 5 = 12		54
	16, 17, 18	3 + 6 + 7 = 16		70
	19, 20, 21	5 + 8 + 5 = 18	30	18
	22, 23, 24	4 + 3 + 5 = 12	30	30
	25, 26, 27	2 + 2 + 3 = 7	30	37
	28, 29, 30	3 + 3 + 4 = 10		47
	31	6		53
	32, 33	4 + 3 = 7		60
	34	3	3

Earlier we have not reacted when finding 71, but a quick search reveals its presence at key glyphs, for instance at the exceptional manu kake with threadlike 'necks':


Ab4-68	Ab4-69	Ab4-70	Ab4-71	Ab4-72
e haha	e mea	te ua roa	kua kake te manu	ki te tagata tui - maro

Possibly 4-71 should be read as 400 + 71 = 471.

Another - probably significant - example is vae in Aa5-71, where we can read 5 * 71 = 355 = one more than 12 * 29.5:


Aa5-68	Aa5-69	Aa5-70

Aa5-71	Aa5-72	Aa5-73

Then we have the famous 'beast' at Aa6-66 (where 6 * 66 = 396, very close to 400), followed 4 glyphs later by a mago with curious signs:


Aa6-64	Aa6-65	Aa6-66	Aa6-67	Aa6-68	Aa6-69	Aa6-70

Aa6-71	Aa6-72	Aa6-73	Aa6-74	Aa6-75	Aa6-76

Aa6-71 is one glyph further on. 6 * 71 = 426 = 17 * 25 + 1.

At Aa4-71 vae kore defines the beginning of a sequence of 290 glyphs, and it comes 1 glyph beyond the 'spreading out' hau tea in Aa4-70 (where 4 * 70 = 280 = 10 * 28):

*26 29 = 754**
	462			288
Ab7-26		Aa4-70	Aa4-71		Aa8-26
*464 = 16 29**			*290 = 10 29**

Other examples could also have been cited, but it would presumably not have added anything significant. 71 can be read as 'one more'.

Our success in searching for b6-26 glyphs comparable in meaning to honu in Gb6-26 should induce us to try also with a7-16 glyphs (comparable in meaning to mago in Ga7-16). Changing b6 to a7 could be coupled to changing 26 to 16. A quick search does not give anything obvious, though.

Next two pages are the last in the series from '271':

We started out with 271. It has so far been hinted that 271 = 200 (half a full cycle) + 71 (= 70 + 1).

If we try to apply these ideas, we find that from a possible new year arriving with Ha12-5 (where not only 12 * 5 = 60 but also 6 * 32 = 192) we can count 91 + 140 = 231 days (one more than the number of glyphs on side a of G, given that we also count Gb8-30):

	57		255				16	73
*Ha6-42 (317)		*Ha7-31 (375)		Ha12-4 (631)		Ha12-5 (632)
*59 = 2 29.5**			*256 = 4 64**			*91 = 7 13**
	138		271		46		116	316
Hb2-23 (722)		Hb5-16 (861)		Hb10-8 (1133)		Hb10-55 (1180)
*140 = 7 20**				*48 = 8 6**			432 *= 8 54**

231 - 180 = 51 = one more than 50 (= 10 * 5), i.e. a possible indication that Hb10-8 stands at the beginning of the 'moon' ('night') half of the year. Between Ha12-5 and Hb10-8 there are 500 glyphs.

These numbers can be juggled in so many ways that the results carry very little credibility. We must instead rely on the visual cues, and to do so we need to consider also the mago glyphs.

The thread of discussion will, however, be completed only if we go on and look at an instance where 171 (= 100 + 71) obviously is important.

Viri at Ga7-1 has earlier been connected by way of 29 to the other viri glyphs in G:

	*261 = 9 29**		94		48
Gb1-6		Ga1-26		Ga5-11		Ga7-1
		*145 = 5 29**

261 dark days followed by 145 spring days add up to 14 * 29 = 406 days (46 more than 360).

145 = 12 * 12 + 1, i.e., viri at Ga7-1 is a dark day.

48 days between viri at Ga5-11 and viri at Ga7-1 is equal to 6 * 8, which suggests a conjunction of sun with moon. But we can alternatively read 2 * 48 (= 12 * 8) from Ga1-26 up to and including viri at Ga5-11. If so, then there are 3 * 48 = 6 * 24 (= 144) days from Ga1-26 to viri at Ga7-1.

Between Ga7-1 and Gb1-6 (with a reversal of the position of 1 and with a change from 7 to 6) a midsummer season with 64 days presumably excludes counting by 29:

	64
Ga7-1 (171)	64	Gb1-6 (236)

The last glyph on side a (Ga8-26) is located 59 days beyond viri at Ga7-1 (with 7-1 as in the two last positions of 171):

	3		139		58		5
Ga1-26 (27)		Ga1-30 (31)		Ga7-1 (171)		Ga8-26 (230)		Gb1-6 (236)
*144 = 12 12**					*64 = 8 8**

This table seems to be a 'true' picture of what the creator intended - too many 'coincidences' together can hardly be coincidences. Furthermore, focus has been placed at Ga7-1 because it is the first glyph beyond the first 6 glyph lines, and we should notice that 471 - 300 = 171.

Also, 360 + 171 = 531 = 18 * 29.5, the number of glyphs to reach Te Pou in Tahua (where we presumably ought to count 2 glyphs per day). But we should remember the possibility of counting 3 glyphs per day, in which case 531 glyphs = 177 days (= 6 * 29.5):

	415		627
Pa3-3		Pa10-1
115		531
*416 = 16 26**		628 = 200π

290
290	Ha10-29 (531)	Ha10-30	Ha10-31	Ha10-32

171 = 9 * 19:


Gb2-27 (283)	Gb3-5	Gb3-25	Gb4-2	Gb4-23	Gb8-11 (453)	Ga5-7
*171 = 9 19**						Ga5-7

171 therefore resembles 261 = 9 * 29, where 29 obviously is the dark day of the month. We can assume 19 to be the dark number of the sun (one more than 18).

Beyond 9 * 19 = 171 is placed Ga5-7, as if to indicate the arrival of spring sun. But there is a long distance from Gb8-11 to Ga5-7. We can count it as 472 - 453 + 118 = 19 + 4 * 29.5 = 137, or more probable (with 471 instead of 472), as 18 + 118 = 136 (as in 1st 36 or as 2 * 68). Notice that from Gb2-27 to the end of the text there are 472 - 282 = 10 * 19 = 190 glyphs.

17
17	Ga5-4	Ga5-5	Ga5-6	Ga5-7 (118)	Ga5-8	Ga5-9
18
18	Ga5-10	Ga5-11	Ga5-12	Ga5-13	Ga5-14	Ga5-15 (126)	Ga5-16

If we consider 136 to mean '1st 36' we can read 118 (at Ga5-7) as '1st 18', possibly meaning a quarter. 118 = 4 * 29.5, and 5 * 7 (as in Ga5-7) = 35 = half 70.

In Ga5-10 the 'sails' have shifted to the right as compared with Ga5-5.

In Ga5-4 the left arm ends in 'straw', the right in 'leaf'. Tagata with both arms uplifted could possibly be used to indicate a cardinal point, where the right arm (from us seen) becomes the future and the left the past.The right hand is open, i.e. empty, which can be explained by tagata = fully grown.

I happened to notice such tagata variants (with both arms high) while searching for b6-26 and a7-16 glyphs:


Hb3-30	Hb3-31	Hb3-32	Hb3-33	Hb3-34	Hb3-35
259			260

The elbow ornament signs in Hb3-35 are as in Ha7-9 (close to the searched for Ha7-16, which however was obliterated), but here we can see both hands open (empty):


Ha7-5	Ha7-6	Ha7-7	Ha7-8	Ha7-9	Ha7-10
					...
Ha7-11	Ha7-12	Ha7-13	Ha7-14	Ha7-15	...

The preceding henua ora surely indicates the time of 'recycling', and in Ha7-10 a 'grand midnight' henua confirms a new day is coming. Tamaiti at Ha7-13 is on his way, and 7 * 13 = 91 hints that a new quarter has arrived.

Ha7-10 we have seen before, and we then counted its ordinal number as 354. At that time we also noticed hipu at Ha7-1 (similar to Gb4-17, where we can suspect 4-17 to be alluding to 471):


*Ha6-61	*Ha6-62	*Ha6-63	*Ha6-64	*Ha6-65

*Ha6-66	*Ha6-67	*Ha6-68	*Ha6-69

Ha7-1	Ha7-2	Ha7-3	Ha7-4

At Ha6-64 (where 6 * 64 = 384, possibly hinting at Hatinga Te Kohe = 13 * 29.5 = 383.5) both hands indicate 'straw', which is reasonable if the rule of old sun is over. There is a single elbow ornament oriented with its opening (vaha) in front. Counting from Ha1-1 its ordinal number is 339, which could mean 339 / 3 = 113 days. The preceding vae kore is looking back, and it presumably marks the last third of day 112 = 4 * 28.

If we move forward in glyph line a7 we find a manu kake at Ha7-20, where the ordinal number is 364:

...	...
...	...	*Ha7-19	*Ha7-20 (364)	*Ha7-21	*Ha7-22

*Ha7-23	*Ha7-24	*Ha7-25	*Ha7-26	*Ha7-27	*Ha7-28

*Ha7-29	*Ha7-30	*Ha7-31 (375)	*Ha7-32	*Ha7-33	*Ha7-34

At Ha7-31 a prominent vaha mea is arriving. 375 = 15 * 25, and as if to allude to the 15th night of the moon its shape is drawn 'full'. 375 / 3 = 125.

In Ha7-32 hau tea could indicate a solstice. In Ha7-28 mea ke signifies that light has disappeared. Let us list the day numbers (if each day has 3 glyphs):


*Ha7-22	*Ha7-23	*Ha7-24	*Ha7-25	*Ha7-26	*Ha7-27
122			123

*Ha7-28	*Ha7-29	*Ha7-30	*Ha7-31 (375)	*Ha7-32	*Ha7-33
124			125

Considering the location of Ha7-31 in our table, we can guess a new year arrives after 255 / 3 = 85 days:

	57		255				16	73
*Ha6-42 (317)		*Ha7-31 (375)		Ha12-4 (631)		Ha12-5 (632)
*59 = 2 29.5**			*256 = 4 64**			*91 = 7 13**
	138		271		46		116	316
Hb2-23 (722)		Hb5-16 (861)		Hb10-8 (1133)		Hb10-55 (1180)
*140 = 7 20**				*48 = 8 6**			432 *= 8 54**

125 + 85 = 210 days, possibly meaning that the spring (7) half year is ending at the same time as a new year is beginning.

But in the summary page at tahana it was demonstrated that midsummer is located in line Ha7:

Tahana glyphs were used in the rongorongo calendars to indicate where one 'year' was ending and another beginning.

An example will illustrate this:

	5		223
Ha3-39		Ha3-45		Ha7-33
231 *= 7 33**

Side a of the G text has 230 glyphs (given that we count with Gb8-30 as a first glyph), i.e. the first glyph on side b will be number 231. In H this number occurs if we count from tahana in Ha3-39 up to and including tahana (the sign at right) in Ha7-33. It is no coincidence, because 7 * 33 (as in Ha7-33) is equal to 231 - a method which was used for verifying a correct reading of the texts.

Tahana in Ha3-45 comes 6 positions later (than tahana in Ha3-39). Probably its function is to point at a glyph 6 positions later than Ha7-33:


Ha7-34	Ha7-35	Ha7-36	Ha7-37	Ha7-38 (236)	Ha7-39 (237)

The signs in the complicated glyphs Ha7-38--39 confirm that the sun is turning around from 'waxing' to 'waning' and a new 'year' is beginning at Ha7-39 .... In G the 'parallel' glyphs are very different, but they convey the same information in other terms:


Gb1-6 (236)	Gb1-7 (237)

Both G and H are locating midsummer not 180 days from the beginning of the calendar but have 50 days inserted at the beginning. In G we have investigated this phenomenon earlier:

G	period no.	number of glyphs
	-	50	50
	0	7	7
	1, 2, 3	8 + 4 + 7 = 19	35	19
	4, 5, 6	3 + 2 + 3 = 8		27
	7, 8, 9	4 + 2 + 2 = 8		35
	10, 11, 12	2 + 3 + 2 = 7	35	42
	13, 14, 15	4 + 3 + 5 = 12		54
	16, 17, 18	3 + 6 + 7 = 16		70
	19, 20, 21	5 + 8 + 5 = 18	30	18
	22, 23, 24	4 + 3 + 5 = 12	30	30
	25, 26, 27	2 + 2 + 3 = 7	30	37
	28, 29, 30	3 + 3 + 4 = 10		47
	31	6		53
	32, 33	4 + 3 = 7		60
	34	3	3

One possible benefit of the inserted 50 glyphs is that there will be 50 + 7 + 63 = 120 glyphs to the end of henua period number 17. 4 * 30 = 120 and 4 * 29.5 = 118:

17

Ga5-4 Ga5-5 Ga5-6 Ga5-7 (118) Ga5-8 Ga5-9 (120)

18

Ga5-10 Ga5-11 Ga5-12 Ga5-13 Ga5-14 Ga5-15 Ga5-16

At Ga5-10 a new season is beginning. 121 = 11 * 11. We can look again at an earlier page in the dictionary:

... Looking at the honu glyphs of G, I noticed they have a tendency to be concentrated in what presumably is the 2nd quarter of the year, when sun is at his strongest. These 10 (out of a total 17) caught my attention:


Ga5-10	Ga5-12	Ga5-14	Ga5-22	Ga5-25

Ga5-28	Ga6-24	Ga7-25	Ga7-26	Ga7-29

Redmarked Ga5-10 and Ga6-24 obviously belong together in some way. At least they serve the function of forming a group of the 5 honu glyphs between them. There is one more glyph of this sort, viz. Gb6-26:

side a (including Gb8-30)					side b
120		43		65	178		63
	Ga5-10 (121)		Ga6-24 (165)			Gb6-26 (409)
230					242

120 is a regular number and possibly indicates ⅓ of 360, 4 solar months. If we add the preceding 63 in the cycle we will reach half 366.

Adding 45 more (from Ga5-10 up to and including Ga6-24) we get 183 + 45 = 228 = 12 * 19, a well-known number we should recognize. The remainder is 65 + 178 + 1 (Gb6-26) = 244 = 4 * 61 (or ⅔ of 366).

These numbers suggest the triplet of 3 honu glyphs have a role to play in dividing the 'year' (472 days long) into sections:

183		43		65	178
	Ga5-10 (121)		Ga6-24 (165)			Gb6-26 (409)
*228 = 12 19**				*244 = 4 61**

6 * 24 (as in Ga6-24) = 144 = 12 * 12, maybe expressing how far spring sun can go, not beyond a well defined limit. As to Gb6-26 we probably should increase 6 with 8 (for the glyph lines on side a), and then we receive a satisfactory 14 * 26 = 364, another firm limit for the sun.

It seems as if we should add half a quarter (45 days) to the half year measure (183) in order to reach the limit for spring sun - 45 + 183 = 228. The remaining 2 days (to reach 230 for the end of side a) can be imagined as the difference between 185 and 183, a way to let the rest of the year become 180 days long:

28

Ga6-24 Ga6-25 Ga6-26

29

Ga6-27 Ga6-28 Ga6-29

30

Ga7-1 Ga7-2 Ga7-3 Ga7-4

Rau hei at Ga6-25 becomes understandable. It is the spring sun which is 'turned upside down'. 6 * 25 = 150, half 300. Ga6-26 is similar to Gb6-26 both in label and meaning.

In other words, after 183 days of 'climbing' there is an interval of 45 days before spring sun turns around. With viri at Ga7-1 a new season is beginning, autumn. 183 + 45 + 2 + 3 = 233. Yet we have not reached the end of side a, because 63 of those 233 days lie at the end of side b. 233 - 63 = 170. The number of glyphs in lines a7-a8 is 34 + 26 = 60, and 170 + 60 = 230 = the number of glyphs on side a including the final Gb8-30 on side b.

The picture is clear.

a1	30	30	b1	26	26
a2	29	59	b2	35	61
a3	24	83	b3	30	91
a4	27	110	b4	33	124
a5	30	140	b5	29	153
a6	29	169	b6	26	179
a6	29	169	b6	2	181
a7	34	203	b7	31	212
a8	26	229	b8	30	242
sum	229		sum	242

Spring is, according to my suggestions, counted from Gb6-27:


Gb6-17 (400)	Gb6-18	Gb6-19	Gb6-20	Gb6-21	Gb6-22	Gb6-23	Gb6-24

Gb6-25	Gb6-26	Gb6-27 (410)	Gb6-28	Gb7-1	Gb7-2	Gb7-3	Gb7-4

From Gb6-27 up to and including Gb8-30 there are 63 glyphs. From Gb8-30 (counting it once again) up to the end of line a6 there are 170 glyphs.

45 glyphs - presumably illustrating midsummer sun standing still - must be reduced from the total 230 in order to reach the changes in time:

side a (including Gb8-30)					side b
120		43		65	178		63
	Ga5-10 (121)		Ga6-24 (165)			Gb6-26 (409)
230					242

230 - 45 = 185. This implies autumn will stretch for 180 days. 230 + 180 = 410. A few small uncertainties remain, for instance if we really should count to 472 or to 471.

The characteristic form of these triplet of honu glyphs probably means 'no legs' - not moving.

Finally, 171 emerges as 'one more' than 170 (= equal to the number of glyphs from Gb8-30 up to viri at Ga7-1).


Gb2-27 (283)	Gb3-5	Gb3-25	Gb4-2	Gb4-23	Gb8-11 (453)	Ga5-7
*171 = 9 19**						Ga5-7

When sun arrives at Ga7-1 he is waning. Summer solstice (Ga5-10--Ga6-24) is over. Winter solstice (around Gb6-26) seems to be over at Gb7-1.

In this perspective a problem is how to explain Gb1-6--7:


Gb1-6 (236)	Gb1-7 (237)

These two glyphs come ca 2 months later than the end of waxing sun. 236 = 8 * 29.5 should be the answer. Counting glyphs from Gb8-30 we have followed the moon for 8 months. Basically the text of G describes moon time, 2 * 236 = 472.

8 months is more than half a year. Midsummer must be in the past. Half 8 months and we arrive at Ga5-7:

17
17	Ga5-4	Ga5-5	Ga5-6	Ga5-7 (118)	Ga5-8	Ga5-9 (120)
18
18	Ga5-10	Ga5-11	Ga5-12	Ga5-13	Ga5-14	Ga5-15	Ga5-16

After 4 months (from the beginning of the text) a 'quarter' of the text has been reached. At the same time waxing sun will stop his moving.