TRANSLATIONS

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105 = 45 + 60 is the difference between 471 and 366:

 
43
Ga5-10 (121) Ga6-24 (165)
45
54
Ga8-16 (220) Ga8-17 Ga8-18 Ga8-19 Ga8-20 Ga8-21 (225)
60

But 45 + 60 cannot be the pattern up to and including manu kake:

14
Ga4-20 Ga4-21 (105) Ga4-22

Because manu kake must be inside the new season, the first glyph in it (not the last in the preceding). Maybe we should look for 45 + 59 = 104 = 4 * 26 instead. It seems probable:

258
Ga4-21 (105) Gb5-10 (364)
260
50 50
Gb8-30 (1) Ga2-21 (52) Ga2-23 Ga4-20 (104) Ga4-21

It reasonably implies we should put Ga8-20 at the end of a lunar double-month:

54
Ga8-16 (220) Ga8-17 Ga8-18 Ga8-19 Ga8-20 Ga8-21 (225)
59

8 * 20 = 160 and 224 = 8 * 28.

Ga8-16 Ga8-17 Ga8-18 Ga8-19 Ga8-20 (224)
Ga8-21 Ga8-22 Ga8-23 Ga8-24 Ga8-25
Ga8-26 Gb1-1 Gb1-2 Gb1-3 Gb1-4

16 are the number of feathers in haś at Ga7-23:

Ga7-18 (188) Ga7-19 Ga7-20 (190) Ga7-21 Ga7-22 Ga7-23
30
Ga7-24 (194) Ga8-21 (225) Ga8-22 Ga8-23

It is a labyrinth. Now we are prepared to take on the next pages in the dictionary:

 

3 honu glyphs with twin holes come after period 34 (ending with glyph 190):

Ga7-18 Ga7-19 Ga7-20 (190) Ga7-21 Ga7-22 Ga7-23
Ga7-24 Ga7-25 (195) Ga7-26 Ga7-27 Ga7-28 Ga7-29
Ga7-30 Ga7-31 Ga7-32 Ga7-33 Ga7-34 (204)

Ga7-34, the last glyph in line a7, comes 14 days after the end of period 34. Its ordinal number is 204 = 12 * 17, i.e. it arrives 60 days after mauga in the 19th period:

59
Ga5-19 (144) Ga7-34 (204)

Beyond the 18th period the key number is no longer 70 but 60. Sun has passed the point of turning around, possibly visualized by the strange 'hook' at the top of Ga7-21.

Reducing 204 with 50 (for the days at the very beginning), we can see that number 7 explains 154. Rei at Ga7-22 says it too, 7 * 22 = 154. Number 22 probably means π * 7, and therefore 154 = π * 7 * 7.

Rei at Ga7-31 has ordinal number 200, which maybe can be understood as ⅔ of 300. Alternatively we count 7 * 31 - 57 = 160 = half 320. The latter reading is supported e.g. by the following glyph Ga7-32 (where 32 is used in combination with 7 to generate 7 * 32 = 224 = 8 * 28, a powerful numerical sign). There are 7 'feathers' at left and 6 at right, a visual cue that the spring half of sun's journey is in the past.

A sign of 6 + 6 is seen in Ga7-25, but here 7 * 25 = 175 suggests a solar year equal to 350 days. Order is reestablished by subtracting 50 for the first glyphs of the text.

160 (at Rei in Ga7-31) is also supported by the number of 'feathers' on haś in Ga7-23.

The fortnight at the end of line a7 is the 'habitat' of the triplet of double-hole honu glyphs. Then follow 15 glyphs at the beginning of line a8 which belong to the same sequence, which means that there are 29 days beyond the end of period 34 until next 'chapter' in the text will begin:

12 13
Ga7-20 (190) Ga7-21 Ga7-34 (204) Ga8-1 Ga8-15 Ga8-16 (220)
29

The strange creature in Ga8-16 has 6 + 4 = 10 'feathers', which seems to be appropriate considering its ordinal number. Furthermore, 8 * 16 = 4 * 32 also describes a 'square' defined by 32 as finished. 32 is a sign of 'multiplication' (cfr 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2), i.e. 32 means 'growth' and alludes to the important growth season (spring). Spring is over, it means. But the great fist held high in Ga7-20 promises an abundant future.

 

 

The following is purely speculative. But it offers is a frame of reference for grasping why there are 472 glyphs (days) in a calendar when we all know that 365.25 is the 'right' number. Such a frame of reference - even if purely imaginative - offers a foundation for 'seeing' things from another perspective.

We begin with a few facts:

17
Ga5-4 Ga5-5 Ga5-6 Ga5-7 (118) Ga5-8 Ga5-9

Ga5-7 is located at position 118 = 4 * 29.5 - it is a kuhane station. The preceding Rei has an 'ugly' 117 as its ordinal number (though agreeing in a way with 17 as period number).

A way to avoid 117 is to take away 50 + 7 (the number of glyphs before Rei at Ga2-27):

17
Ga5-4 Ga5-5 Ga5-6 (60) Ga5-7 Ga5-8 Ga5-9
18
Ga5-10 (64) Ga5-11 Ga5-12 Ga5-13 Ga5-14 Ga5-15 Ga5-16 (70)

From Ga2-27 to Ga5-6 there are 2 solar months or 60 days:

59
Ga2-27 (58) Ga5-6 (117)

The calendar is, though, not primarily structured with 60 in focus at this point in time. Instead it is 70 (cfr Ga5-16) - equal to 10 weeks - which is the reference. We have seen it is the sum of twice 35, which number is the product of 5 and 7. I suggest 5 and 7 are the 'key numbers' for the 18 first periods.

5 and 7 explain why there are 50 and 7 at the very beginning of the text. Zero in 50 can be ignored by thinking of 50 as 5 'tens'. 5 and 7 are also alluded to in Ga5-7 (cfr above).

Now to the imaginative leap and pure speculation. The ancient Egyptians used a Pythagorean triangle with sides 3, 4, and 5 to create right angles, necessary for measuring the areas of rectangular fields. I propose that the creator of the G text also used a Pythagorean triangle, but another one, to measure time.

Instead of 3 and 4 determining 5 if the angle was right, the proper numbers for the first half of the G text are 5 and 7. We can easily determine 8 if the angle is right. Te Varu Kainga is here reappearing as the hypotenuse of a Pythagorean triangle in time.

25 + 49 = 8 * 8 (the area on a chessboard). If I am right, then 7 should be the horizontal number, what should be imagined as the side of the triangle resting on the ground, while 5 should be the vertical side. And the hypothenuse will be a straight line from the 'birth of sun' at the beginning of the G text (at ground level). The hypotenuse will describe the path of the sun steadily going higher up to its maximum height at summer solstice.

Why is it difficult to find Te Varu Kainga? The problem is to find which two sides in the triangle will generate 8 as hypotenuse. The text of G begins with delivering the solution: 57.

Furthermore, the lunar month is the unit of measure, and 29.5 * 8 = 236, half the text of G. The triangle is not in space, but in time. Something dramatic happens when sun has reached 236:

Gb1-6 (236) Gb1-7

From a maximum height sun does not slowly begin to sink down. Instead there is a remarkable abrupt dive down into the 'sea'. I have been unable to find any reasonable explanation for this phenomenon. That is to say, until now when imaganing the path of waxing sun describing 8 high in the sky, when we down on earth follow him in another time - we measure 7 down on earth. We can go on and use the same basic idea:

The 2nd 236, beyond midsummer, should describe waning instead of waxing. Instead of addition (the foundation of 'multiplication', i.e. growth) there is subtraction. Once again we must use 8 and search for the other two sides, though this time not adding squares, but subtracting a smaller one from a bigger.

The answer is quickly arrived at (for someone experienced in squares): 10 * 10 = 100 and 6 * 6 = 36. The difference is once again 8 * 8 = 64. In the text of G it is expressed by changing from the pattern twice 35 (short for 5 and 7 'twice' - i.e. squared) into twice 30.

Twice 30 can be short both for 60 and for 1/6 of 360. Disregarding 0 it gives us 6 and 36. We already know that 8 * 8 = 64 is the difference between two squares. The text of G has here delivered 36. Why twice 30 (and not a single 60)? Because once again squaring is involved. 30 = 5 * 6, and there should be an expression of 6 'twice' (squared).

But there are also twice 5 in twice 30. What use have they? We should add them: 5 + 5 = 10. They deliver the missing square which is the hypotenuse.

In my inner mind I try to depict also this triangle in time. 8 is not the hypotenuse here. 10 is the hypotenuse, but it is not visible (in the text of G). We could say it is down there in the 'dark water'.

The first 236 (= 8 * 29.5) are seen as glyphs in the text, as if the text was following the sun on his path upwards along 8 stations to midsummer. The second sequence of 236 glyphs cannot follow the sun because he abruptly went down deep at midsummer (to Hiva). What can be done is to follow the 'shadow' of his path on the surface of the water.

He moves 10 stations down there, and adding the 8 up to midsummer we realize his step is 20. 160 + 200 = 360.

His shadow on the surface of the sea has 8 stations, and measures 8 * 29.5 = 236 glyphs (days). In the underworld sun will move 10 stations in another time. We cannot expect his 200 nights to be equal to our 236. The difference is 6 * 6 = 36. At the beginning of his 'nighttime journey' he is 6 measures down.

5 (at midsummer) + 6 (after midsummer) = 11, i.e. he has at midsummer produced an offspring (eleven = 'one over'), the 'son' of next year. 11 = 10 + 1 (or 6 = 5 + 1).

Our time is measured by the pace of the moon, not by the pace of the sun.

Sun moves from birth to his untimely death at midsummer, rising higher and higher like Ikaros. After having moved 8 stations (64) he plunges into the sea, moving like a meteor down to rock bottom.

8 * 29.5 = 236, half the cycle of the text in G. Down on earth we follow him with interest. Our time moves slower, we have 7 when sun has 8. Which means the number of months from birth to the fall will be 7, and indeed Manuscript E says Te Pei is the 7th kuhane station. Where is 8, Te Varu Kainga? Not on earth, I would say.

Fact is that 7 * 29.5 = 206.5, or slightly more than 180 + 26. At Te Pei sun is gone. His last position is at number 26 (cfr the 26th kuhane station Hanga Moria One, the last residence of the king).

At 6 * 29.5 = 177 he assuredly is still with us. We should add 3 in order to reach 6 * 30 = 180. If we reduce 236 with 36 there will be an orderly 200 as number for the sun at Te Pei. Alternatively we read 228 = 12 * 19, and 19 says that spring sun has left - at 12 * 18 = 216. But we must take away 36 (sun moves along the hypotenuse), and 216 - 36 = 180. The key number 5 has already changed into 6. Ga8-24 is a hanau (birth) type of glyph:

Ga8-24 (228) Ga8-25 Ga8-26 Gb1-1
Gb1-2 (232) Gb1-3 Gb1-4 Gb1-5
Gb1-6 (236) Gb1-7 Gb1-8 Gb1-9

Sun's pace is 20, and he has 10 stations. 200 - 50 (before the kiore - henua section of the calendar begins, and disregarding black 7) = 150, the appropriate number for half the course of sun.

If spring sun leaves at 12 * 18 = 216, then it should be at ika hiku in Ga7-12:

32
Ga7-11 Ga7-12 (216, i.e. 180) Ga7-13 Ga7-14

The preceding tamaiti (child) glyph indicates 5 has turned into '1 more'. We can alternatively use the frame of order where 228 = 12 * 19 indicates by way of Ga6-24 the end of spring sun:

183 43 65 178
Ga5-10 Ga6-24 Gb6-26
228 = 12 * 19 244 = 4 * 61

Counting backwards from Ga6-24 (with ordinal number 228 counted from Gb6-27) we will find number 216 at Ga6-12 (with 216 reshuflled into 6-12). Also here there is a tamaiti:

24
Ga6-12 (216) Ga6-13 Ga6-14 Ga6-15 Ga6-16

In the 24th period sun has produced next year's sun. Or was it in the 32nd? Several alternative readings complicate matters. They should not be regarded as contradictory but as complementary (like sun rays and rain).