TRANSLATIONS

next page previous page up home
 

We will now return to tapa mea:

 

In Tahua we have Metoro's guiding words for the 10 tapa mea glyphs of the daylight calendar:

Aa1-19 Aa1-21 Aa1-25 Aa1-31 Aa1-36
i uhi tapamea e uhi tapamea e uhi tapamea e uhi tapamea e uhi tapamea
Aa1-17 Aa1-23 Aa1-27 Aa1-29 Aa1-34
ka tapamea e hokohuki ki te henua ma te hokohuki te tapamea

Obviously there is a strict order (which has been explained in detail in the excursion at toa). The 3 reversed tapa mea glyphs probably indicate where the 3 'seasons' of the day (a.m., noon, and p.m.) end. A reversed glyph is the proper sign for this, a kind of negation.

Aa1-23 and Aa1-29 are named hokohuki, which suggests that Metoro may have regarded the pieces of 'red cloth' (tapa mea) in the sky 'tent' (uhi) as united by 'sticks' (huki).

 

Here it must be noted that tapa has several meanings, and while 'cloth' presumably is the correct translation in the expression uhi tapamea, tapamea at Aa1-17 and Aa1-34 (where 34 = 2 * 17) - without uhi (the 'tent roof'?) - should be referring rather to the 'joints' ('side, corner, edge'):

Tapa

1. Side, corner, edge; he-hakarere a te tapa, to leave aside, to abandon; a te tapa mata'u o te haga, on the right-hand side of the bay. 2. Tapa mahute, piece of mahute material; this term is very common nowadays, but it seems probable that it was borrowed from the Tahitian in replacement of parehe mahute. 3. To recount the years, the months; to recount happenings of many years ago, in verses called manu, in which a murderer confided his crime to his victim's relatives; the murderer himself asked a brother or a friend to compose those verses: e tapa koe itooku manu, compose my manu. The expression tapa ite manu was also used of a group of people expressing the desire to kill someone. 4. Tagata tapa ta'u, according to traditions, this term referred to the scribes who recorded births on the tablets. Vanaga.

1. Border, fringe, edge, groin, cloth, clothing, dress, garment. Tatapa, lateral, bank. Tapatapa, edge. P Mgv.: tapa, the edge of the bast cloth, bast cloth in general. Mq.: tapa, fringe, cloth. 2. To name, to mention, to count, to calculate, to reckon, to number, to figure up, to recapitulate; tapa ki te igoa, to take a census; tapa igoa, list. Tatapa, to count, to number, to reckon. Tapatapa, to mention. P Mgv.: tapa, to give a pet name. Mq.: tapatapa, to recite, to invoke; tatapa, to take the name of some one, to announce by name. Ta.: tapa, to call by name. Churchill.

Mq.: Tapaau, coconut leaf plaited to serve as a mat. Sa: tapa'au, a coarse coconut leaf mat. Tapatai, a dweller on the strand. Ma.: tapatai, beach. Churchill.

A piece of cloth (tapa) is defined by its borders (tapa). To determine is to name, to count etc (tapa). The tapa idea is, maybe, basically a matter of defining, determining, not a matter of cloth. Calculations can be done by knots. Strings are also used for mats.

Among Fornander's various associations none suits my idea:

Fornander:

"Kapa¹, adj. Haw., rustling, rattling; s. cloth made of bark, cloth of any kind.

Sam.: tapa, to beckon with the hand, to deman; s. the white border of a siapo; tapa-au, mat made of cocoa-nut leaf.

Tong., tapa, id.; kapa-kapa, to flap with a noise as wings of birds.

Marqu., tapa, bark cloth.

Tah., tapa-ie, envelop in leaves; apa, the lining of a garment; apa-a, thick cloth made by men, not by the women; 'apa'apa, to flap as sail or the wings of a bird.

Fiji., kava, a roll of sinnet; kaba, to climb.

Motu (N. Guinea), kava, bark girdle for men. Biaju, tepoh, a mat. Salayer (Celebes), tupur, id. Malag., komba, a monkey. Kawi, kapala, a horse.

Sanskr., kamp, to move to and fro, to tremble; chapala ('i.e., kampa-ala', Benfey), trembling, unsteady, giddy; châpala, quickness; kapi ('i.e., kamp-i', Benfey), a monkey. Perhaps kambala, a wollen blanket.

Greek, καμπη, bending, winding, as a river, turn, trick, sudden change.

A. Pictet (Orig. Ind.-Eur., i. 347-348) derives the Greek καβαλλης, a nag, and other kindred West Aryan forms for horse and its varieties, as well as καπρος, a wild boar, and caper, a buck, from the Kawi or obselete Sanskrit application of the original sense, 'to tremble, rustle, flap', found in the Sanskrit kap, kamp, and the Polynesian kapa, tapa.

Kapa², s. Haw., a bank, shore, side, as of a river, lake, wood, or the like.

Rarot., tapa, id.

Tah., apa'apa, one side of a thing when divided, the side of a house.

Sam., tafa, the side of a hill; v. to turn on one side; tafa-fa, four-sided; tafatafa, the side; tafa-tasi, one-sided; tafa-to, perpendicular, steep as seen from above; tafa-tu, id., as seen from below.

Marqu., tapa-hai, coral; kapa-i, on the side of the sea.

Fiji., taba, wing, shoulder, branch, one side.

Malg., taf, tafo, the roof of a house; tambon, above.

Welsh, tab, tav, an extended surface, a spread; tob, top, top, crest; cop, summit. Irish, capat, head. Armor., kab, id.

Lat., tabula, board, plank, table; caput, head.

Sanskr., kapala, skull, head, either half of an egg; kapola, cheek, the temples of the head. Pers., kabah, elevation, eminence; tabrak, tabûk, table, flat.

Greek, κεφαλη, head, top, upper end.

Goth., haubith, head. Sax., heafod, id.; hafala, hafula, head, casque. Anc. Germ., haupit, head; hufela, the temples. Germ., kopf, head.

A. Pictet (loc. cit., ii. 273) refers the Persian tabrak and the Latin tabula to Sanskrit sthâ, or perhaps stabh, tabula, for stabula, and (i. 308) he says, speaking of the Sanskrit kapala, and its West Aryan relations: - 'J'y trouve un composé de pâla, protecteur, avec l'interrogatif ka, dans le sense laudatif. Quel (bon) protecteur! on ne saurait mieux caractériser le rôle naturel du crâne. Or kapât et kapâ ou kapa auraient la même signification; car pât, , pa, à la fin des composés, sont synonymes de pâla, et dérivent également de la racine , tueri.'

Under correction, the 'quel bon protecteur' of Mr. Pictet appears to me a singular and fatal misnomer of the most prominent and most exposed part of the body. The original meaning of the Polynesian word was probably something raised, spread out, obtruding, projecting, beyond or above the common level of things. Hence such compound words in the Polynesian as kapa-au, Haw., the raised place of the Heiau (temple), where the image of the god stood and offerings were laid; 'apa-'au, Sam., a wing; 'apa-'apa, the fin of a fish; apa-ta, to clap the wings.

The West Aryan forms: Lat., cap-ut, cap-pilus (capillus); the Irish cap-at, alongside of ceap and cap; the double forms in the Goth. and Sax., hau-ith, heaf-od, and hafa-la, hofu-la, seem to indicate a different composition and root for themselves, as well as the Sanskrit and Greek, than what Mr. Pictet offers. And the probably primary sense of 'elevation, eminence', in the root-word has survived in the Persian kabah, the Armorian kab, the Welsh tob or top."

The top (head, upper end, etc) could possibly, though, be suitable for how tapa mea is used in the day calendar. Everything is determined from above (the sky with its stars or the boss in charge).

If tapa mea (without preceding uhi) refers to the 'posts' holding the sky tent cloth high and in place, then mea will not be 'red' but be its other main meaning, viz. an object, element etc:

Mea

1. Tonsil, gill (of fish). 2. Red (probably because it is the colour of gills); light red, rose; also meamea. 3. To grow or to exist in abundance in a place or around a place: ku-mea-á te maîka, bananas grow in abundance (in this place); ku-mea-á te ka, there is plenty of fish (in a stretch of the coast or the sea); ku-mea-á te tai, the tide is low and the sea completely calm (good for fishing); mau mea, abundance. Vanaga.

1. Red; ata mea, the dawn. Meamea, red, ruddy, rubricund, scarlet, vermilion, yellow; ariga meamea, florid; kahu meamea purple; moni meamea, gold; hanuanua meamea, rainbow; pua ei meamea, to make yellow. Hakameamea, to redden, to make yellow. PS Ta.: mea, red. Sa.: memea, yellowish brown, sere. To.: memea, drab. Fu.: mea, blond, yellowish, red, chestnut. 2. A thing, an object, elements (mee); e mea, circumstance; mea ke, differently, excepted, save, but; ra mea, to belong; mea rakerake, assault; ko mea, such a one; a mea nei, this; a mea ka, during; a mea, then; no te mea, because, since, seeing that; na te mea, since; a mea era, that; ko mea tera, however, but. Hakamea, to prepare, to make ready. P Pau., Mgv., Mq., Ta.: mea, a thing. 3. In order that, for. Mgv.: mea, because, on account of, seeing that, since. Mq.: mea, for. 4. An individual; tagata mea, tagata mee, an individual. Mgv.: mea, an individual, such a one. Mq., Ta.: mea, such a one. 5. Necessary, urgent; e mea ka, must needs be, necessary; e mea, urgent. 6. Manners, customs. 7. Mgv.: ako-mea, a red fish. 8. Ta.: mea, to do. Mq.: mea, id. Sa.: mea, id. Mao.: mea, id. Churchill.

Uhi remains to discuss:

Yam (Dioscorea alata); a large tuber, one of the main staple foods in ancient times, of which some 40 varieties were grown. Uhi-uhi, to sew (also: tía); ka-uhiuhi toou nua, sew yourself a cape. Vanaga.

Yam. P Pau., Mgv.: uhi, id. Ta.: uhi, ufi, id. Mq.: puauhi, id.

Uhiuhi An endemic legume (Mezoneuron kauaiense), a tree with pink or red flowers and thin, broad, winged pods. The wood is hard and heavy and formerly was used for hōlua (sleds), spears, digging sticks, and house construction. Also kawa'ū, kea, kolomona, and the weedy herb Phaseolus lathyroides (Niihau). Ho'o uhiuhi, to prepare uhiuhi wood for house posts. Wehewehe.

Uhi  1. Covering, cover, veil, film, lid, solid tattooing, tent; to cover, spread over, engulf, conceal, overwhelm; to don, as a feather cloak. Fig., to deceive, hide the truth. Kākau uhi, to tattoo solidly. Uhi mai ka lani pō, the night sky spreads forth (ignorance). Ua uhi 'ia kō lāua mau mana'o i ke aloha, their thoughts were overwhelmed with love. Uhi i ka moe, to make a bed. 2. Large, bluish-brown birthmark. 3. The yam (Dioscorea alata), from southeast Asia, a climber with square stems, heart-shaped leaves, and large, edible, underground tubers. The plant is widely distributed through islands of the Pacific, where it is commonly grown for food. Also pālau, ulehihi. In the past botanists have applied the name uhi incorrectly to the hoi kuahiwi. 4. Mother-of-pearl bivalve, mother-of-pearl shank. 5. Turtle shell piece used for scraping olonā. 6. Mark made by the gall of raw pūpū 'awa (a shellfish) on tapa or on the skin as an ornament. Wehewehe.

Several ideas come to mind. First we notice uhi-uhi = to sew. The meaning is close to 'cover', 'spread over', 'tent', etc. The bluish-brown (uhi) sky tent roof, uhi tapamea.

The Mother-of-pearl bivalve (uhi) has one half above (the sky) and one below (the underworld sky).

The canoe-shaped tapamea glyphs in Tahua could alternatively be alluding to the canoe of the sun which (of course) is sewn (uhi) together by planks.

Metoro said ki te henua beond noon:

Aa1-24 Aa1-25 Aa1-26 Aa1-27
ko te nuahine -  i mamau i te ahi e uhi tapamea ko te ahi - hakaturou ki te henua

Maybe it alludes to what happens beyond midsummer, when spring sun is toppled, falling to earth like Ikaros (ika = victim):

Gb1-6 Gb1-7

But basically, it seems, there is a union between sky and earth at solstice. The cosmic tree of life unites sky and earth at these seasons. New fire (ahi) must come at the solstices.

The central ceremonial ground (raaraa) in the middle of the night should have an exceedingly tall pole, I imagine.

Aa1-42 Aa1-43 Aa1-44 Aa1-45
e ia toa tauuruuru raaraa e ia toa tauuru i te fenua - e ia toa tauuru