TRANSLATIONS
We will now
return to tapa mea:
Here it must
be noted that tapa has several meanings, and
while 'cloth' presumably is the correct translation in
the expression uhi tapamea, tapamea at
Aa1-17 and Aa1-34 (where 34 = 2 * 17) - without uhi
(the 'tent roof'?) - should be referring rather to the
'joints' ('side, corner, edge'):
Tapa
1. Side, corner, edge;
he-hakarere a te tapa, to leave aside,
to abandon; a te tapa mata'u o te haga,
on the right-hand side of the bay. 2.
Tapa mahute, piece of mahute
material; this term is very common nowadays,
but it seems probable that it was borrowed
from the Tahitian in replacement of
parehe mahute. 3. To recount the
years, the months; to recount happenings of
many years ago, in verses called manu,
in which a murderer confided his crime
to his victim's relatives; the murderer
himself asked a brother or a friend to
compose those verses: e tapa koe itooku
manu, compose my manu. The
expression tapa ite manu was also
used of a group of people expressing the
desire to kill someone. 4. Tagata tapa
ta'u, according to traditions, this term
referred to the scribes who recorded births
on the tablets. Vanaga.
1. Border, fringe, edge,
groin, cloth, clothing, dress, garment.
Tatapa, lateral, bank. Tapatapa,
edge. P Mgv.: tapa, the edge of the
bast cloth, bast cloth in general. Mq.:
tapa, fringe, cloth. 2. To name, to
mention, to count, to calculate, to reckon,
to number, to figure up, to recapitulate;
tapa ki te igoa, to take a census;
tapa igoa, list. Tatapa, to
count, to number, to reckon. Tapatapa,
to mention. P Mgv.: tapa, to give a
pet name. Mq.: tapatapa, to recite,
to invoke; tatapa, to take the name
of some one, to announce by name. Ta.:
tapa, to call by name. Churchill.
Mq.: Tapaau,
coconut leaf plaited to serve as a mat. Sa:
tapa'au, a coarse coconut leaf mat.
Tapatai, a dweller on the strand.
Ma.: tapatai, beach. Churchill. |
A piece of cloth (tapa)
is defined by its borders (tapa). To determine is
to name, to count etc (tapa). The tapa
idea is, maybe, basically a matter of defining,
determining, not a matter of cloth. Calculations can be
done by knots. Strings are also used for mats.
Among
Fornander's various associations none suits my idea:
Fornander:
"Kapa¹,
adj. Haw., rustling, rattling;
s.
cloth made of bark, cloth of any kind.
Sam.:
tapa,
to beckon with the hand, to deman; s. the
white border of a siapo;
tapa-au,
mat made of cocoa-nut leaf.
Tong.,
tapa,
id.;
kapa-kapa, to flap with a noise
as wings of birds.
Marqu.,
tapa,
bark cloth.
Tah.,
tapa-ie,
envelop in leaves;
apa,
the lining of a garment;
apa-a,
thick cloth made by men, not by the women; 'apa'apa,
to flap as sail or the wings of a bird.
Fiji.,
kava,
a roll of sinnet;
kaba,
to climb.
Motu (N.
Guinea),
kava, bark girdle for men. Biaju,
tepoh,
a mat. Salayer (Celebes),
tupur,
id. Malag.,
komba, a monkey. Kawi,
kapala,
a horse.
Sanskr.,
kamp,
to move to and fro, to tremble;
chapala
('i.e., kampa-ala',
Benfey), trembling, unsteady, giddy;
châpala,
quickness;
kapi ('i.e.,
kamp-i',
Benfey), a monkey. Perhaps
kambala,
a wollen blanket.
Greek,
καμπη,
bending, winding, as a river, turn, trick,
sudden change.
A.
Pictet (Orig. Ind.-Eur., i. 347-348) derives
the Greek καβαλλης, a nag, and other
kindred West Aryan forms for horse and its
varieties, as well as καπρος, a wild
boar, and caper, a buck, from the
Kawi or obselete Sanskrit application of the
original sense, 'to tremble, rustle, flap',
found in the Sanskrit kap, kamp,
and the Polynesian kapa, tapa.
Kapa², s. Haw., a bank, shore,
side, as of a river, lake, wood, or the
like.
Rarot., tapa, id.
Tah.,
apa'apa, one side of a thing when
divided, the side of a house.
Sam.,
tafa, the side of a hill; v.
to turn on one side; tafa-fa,
four-sided; tafatafa, the side;
tafa-tasi, one-sided; tafa-to,
perpendicular, steep as seen from above;
tafa-tu, id., as seen from below.
Marqu., tapa-hai, coral; kapa-i,
on the side of the sea.
Fiji.,
taba, wing, shoulder, branch, one
side.
Malg.,
taf, tafo, the roof of a
house; tambon, above.
Welsh,
tab, tav, an extended surface,
a spread; tob, top, top,
crest; cop, summit. Irish, capat,
head. Armor., kab, id.
Lat.,
tabula, board, plank, table; caput,
head.
Sanskr., kapala, skull, head, either
half of an egg; kapola, cheek, the
temples of the head. Pers., kabah,
elevation, eminence; tabrak, tabûk,
table, flat.
Greek,
κεφαλη, head, top, upper end.
Goth.,
haubith, head. Sax., heafod,
id.; hafala, hafula, head,
casque. Anc. Germ., haupit, head;
hufela, the temples. Germ., kopf,
head.
A.
Pictet (loc. cit., ii. 273) refers
the Persian tabrak and the Latin
tabula to Sanskrit sthâ, or
perhaps stabh, tabula, for
stabula, and (i. 308) he says, speaking
of the Sanskrit kapala, and its West
Aryan relations: - 'J'y trouve un composé de
pâla, protecteur, avec l'interrogatif
ka, dans le sense laudatif. Quel
(bon) protecteur! on ne saurait mieux
caractériser le rôle naturel du crâne. Or
kapât et kapâ ou kapa
auraient la même signification; car pât,
pâ, pa, à la fin des composés,
sont synonymes de pâla, et dérivent
également de la racine pâ, tueri.'
Under
correction, the 'quel bon protecteur' of Mr.
Pictet appears to me a singular and fatal
misnomer of the most prominent and most
exposed part of the body. The original
meaning of the Polynesian word was probably
something raised, spread out, obtruding,
projecting, beyond or above the common level
of things. Hence such compound words in the
Polynesian as kapa-au, Haw., the
raised place of the Heiau (temple), where
the image of the god stood and offerings
were laid; 'apa-'au, Sam., a wing;
'apa-'apa, the fin of a fish; apa-ta,
to clap the wings.
The
West Aryan forms: Lat., cap-ut,
cap-pilus (capillus); the Irish
cap-at, alongside of ceap and
cap; the double forms in the Goth.
and Sax., hau-ith, heaf-od,
and hafa-la, hofu-la, seem to
indicate a different composition and root
for themselves, as well as the Sanskrit and
Greek, than what Mr. Pictet offers. And the
probably primary sense of 'elevation,
eminence', in the root-word has survived in
the Persian kabah, the Armorian
kab, the Welsh tob or top." |
The top (head,
upper end, etc) could possibly, though, be suitable for how tapa mea
is used in the day calendar. Everything is
determined from above (the sky with its stars or the
boss in charge).
If tapa mea
(without preceding uhi) refers to the 'posts'
holding the sky tent cloth high and in place, then
mea will not be 'red' but be its other main meaning,
viz. an object, element etc:
Mea
1. Tonsil, gill (of fish).
2. Red (probably because it is the colour of
gills); light red, rose; also meamea.
3. To grow or to exist in abundance in a
place or around a place: ku-mea-á te
maîka, bananas grow in abundance (in
this place); ku-mea-á te ka, there is
plenty of fish (in a stretch of the coast or
the sea); ku-mea-á te tai, the tide
is low and the sea completely calm (good for
fishing); mau mea, abundance. Vanaga.
1. Red;
ata mea,
the dawn.
Meamea, red, ruddy, rubricund,
scarlet, vermilion, yellow;
ariga meamea,
florid; kahu
meamea purple;
moni meamea,
gold;
hanuanua meamea, rainbow;
pua ei meamea,
to make yellow.
Hakameamea,
to redden, to make yellow. PS Ta.:
mea,
red. Sa.:
memea, yellowish brown, sere.
To.: memea,
drab. Fu.:
mea, blond, yellowish, red,
chestnut. 2. A thing, an object, elements (mee);
e mea,
circumstance;
mea ke,
differently, excepted, save, but;
ra mea,
to belong;
mea rakerake, assault;
ko mea,
such a one;
a mea nei, this;
a mea ka,
during; a
mea, then;
no te mea,
because, since, seeing that;
na te mea,
since; a mea
era, that;
ko mea tera,
however, but.
Hakamea,
to prepare, to make ready. P Pau., Mgv.,
Mq., Ta.:
mea, a thing. 3. In order that,
for. Mgv.:
mea, because, on account of,
seeing that, since. Mq.:
mea,
for. 4. An individual;
tagata mea,
tagata mee,
an individual. Mgv.:
mea,
an individual, such a one. Mq., Ta.:
mea,
such a one. 5. Necessary, urgent;
e mea ka,
must needs be, necessary;
e mea,
urgent. 6. Manners, customs. 7. Mgv.:
ako-mea,
a red fish. 8. Ta.:
mea,
to do. Mq.:
mea, id. Sa.:
mea,
id. Mao.:
mea, id. Churchill. |
Uhi
remains to discuss:
Yam (Dioscorea alata);
a large tuber, one of the main staple foods
in ancient times, of which some 40 varieties
were grown.
Uhi-uhi, to sew
(also: tía); ka-uhiuhi toou nua,
sew yourself a cape. Vanaga.
Yam. P Pau., Mgv.: uhi,
id. Ta.: uhi, ufi, id. Mq.:
puauhi, id.
Uhiuhi An endemic
legume (Mezoneuron kauaiense), a tree
with pink or red flowers and thin, broad,
winged pods. The wood is hard and heavy and
formerly was used for hōlua (sleds),
spears, digging sticks, and house
construction. Also kawa'ū, kea,
kolomona, and the weedy herb
Phaseolus lathyroides (Niihau).
Ho'o uhiuhi, to prepare uhiuhi
wood for house posts. Wehewehe.
Uhi 1. Covering,
cover, veil, film, lid, solid tattooing,
tent; to cover, spread over, engulf,
conceal, overwhelm; to don, as a feather
cloak. Fig., to deceive, hide the truth.
Kākau uhi, to tattoo solidly. Uhi mai
ka lani pō, the night sky spreads forth
(ignorance). Ua uhi 'ia kō lāua mau
mana'o i ke aloha, their thoughts were
overwhelmed with love. Uhi i ka moe,
to make a bed. 2. Large, bluish-brown
birthmark. 3. The yam (Dioscorea alata),
from southeast Asia, a climber with square
stems, heart-shaped leaves, and large,
edible, underground tubers. The plant is
widely distributed through islands of the
Pacific, where it is commonly grown for
food. Also pālau, ulehihi. In
the past botanists have applied the name
uhi incorrectly to the hoi kuahiwi.
4. Mother-of-pearl bivalve, mother-of-pearl
shank. 5. Turtle shell piece used for
scraping olonā. 6. Mark made by the
gall of raw pūpū 'awa (a
shellfish) on tapa or on the skin as
an ornament. Wehewehe. |
Several ideas
come to mind. First we notice uhi-uhi = to sew.
The meaning is close to 'cover', 'spread over',
'tent', etc. The bluish-brown (uhi) sky tent
roof, uhi tapamea.
The
Mother-of-pearl bivalve (uhi) has one half above
(the sky) and one below (the underworld sky).
The
canoe-shaped tapamea glyphs in Tahua could
alternatively be alluding to the canoe of the sun which (of course) is
sewn (uhi) together by planks.
Metoro
said ki te henua beond noon:
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Aa1-24 |
Aa1-25 |
Aa1-26 |
Aa1-27 |
ko te
nuahine - i mamau i te ahi |
e uhi
tapamea |
ko te ahi -
hakaturou |
ki te henua |
Maybe it
alludes to what happens beyond midsummer, when spring
sun is toppled, falling to earth like Ikaros (ika
= victim):
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Gb1-6 |
Gb1-7 |
But basically,
it seems, there is a union between sky and earth at
solstice. The cosmic tree of life unites sky and earth
at these seasons. New fire (ahi) must come at the
solstices.
The central
ceremonial ground (raaraa) in the middle of the
night should have an exceedingly tall pole, I imagine.
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Aa1-42 |
Aa1-43 |
Aa1-44 |
Aa1-45 |
e ia toa tauuruuru |
raaraa |
e ia toa tauuru |
i te fenua - e ia toa
tauuru |
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