TRANSLATIONS
Next page with underpages:
These are the
kea glyphs I have found in Tahua:
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Inspired by
the 'dolmen' structure of the ancient Irish alphabet I
imagined a similar structure for the bird list in
Manuscript E:
kukuru toua |
white pigeon |
makohe |
frigate |
kena |
booby |
tavake |
redtailed tropic
bird |
ascending |
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descending |
ka
araara |
sooty tern |
ruru |
black petrel |
te
verovero |
taiko |
kava eoeo |
sooty tern |
kumara |
white tern |
pi riuriu |
kiakia |
manu tara
erua |
2 sooty
terns |
tavi |
small
lead-coloured tern |
tuao |
dark brown
tern |
tuvi |
gray tern |
4 +
4 = 8 months for ascending and descending Sun
amount to 236 days (or to 240 if each month has
30 days, or to 248 if each month has 31 days, or
to 256 if each month has 32 days). 4 months form
the top of the year and possibly 5
(or 4?) extracalendrical days can be imagined in the
'subsurface' bottom line:
4 |
118 |
120 |
124 |
128 |
4 |
118 |
120 |
124 |
128 |
4 |
118 |
120 |
124 |
128 |
sum |
354 |
360 |
372 |
384 |
5
days added |
359 |
365 |
377 |
389 |
The
pair of manu tara 'parents' and their 4
offspring chickens maybe are depicted in
Aa1-3--8.
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Aa1-3 |
Aa1-4 |
Aa1-5 |
Aa1-6 |
Aa1-7 |
Aa1-8 |
manu tara erua |
pi
riuriu |
kava
eoeo |
te
verovero |
ka
araara |
If
this is correct, then we can expect
tuvi, tuao, and tavi at the
preceding glyphs:
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Ab8-84 |
Aa1-1 |
Aa1-2 |
tuvi |
tuao |
tavi |
Tuao is the bird of central
importance among these 3. Tu-ao seems
to mean 'daylight' (ao) is 'rising' (tu),
and Aa1-1 is the 5th ('fire') glyph beyond
the 'egg' in Ab8-80 (where 8 * 80 = 640). If
we apply the structure of the Hawaiian Moon calendar there
should be 4 'ebb' glyphs before Aa1-1 brings
light, 4 glyphs for the time of 'incubation':
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Ab8-80 |
Ab8-81 |
Ab8-82 |
Ab8-83 |
Ab8-84 |
Aa1-1 |
Tane
? |
Rogo
? |
Mauri ? |
Mutu ? |
Kea in Ab8-84 corresponds - it
appears - to the final black ('Saturn') night before a
new Sun emerges.
In Aa1-2 a rising Moon crescent is depicted,
but the 'chicken' in Aa1-1 has his back formed
like a waning Moon and his front is broken
in 2 places. Maybe it is the broken eggshell, from which
his head emerges?
8 * 85 = 680 (10 times 68) = 17 * 40.
Furthermore, 1335 = 5 * 267 (where 267 is 'one more'
than 266). If the little bird in Aa1-1 represents the
old year Sun, it could make us infer that marama
in Aa1-2 is the first glyph 'in the new season of light'.
Tuvi could be at Ab8-84 if the broken
little chicken in Aa1-1 announces the daylight
(ao) which will shine on Moon in Aa1-2:
end
of the back side |
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Ab8-80 ('zero') |
Ab8-81 |
Ab8-82 |
Ab8-83 |
Ab8-84
('tu-vi') |
start of the front side |
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Aa1-1
('tu-ao') |
Aa1-2 |
Aa1-3 |
Aa1-4 |
With tuao = tu-ao it seems
unavoidable to read tuvi as tu-vi:
Vi
Pau.: To succumb. Ta.: vi,
to be subjugated, the beginning
of a retreat. Churchill.
Mgv.: 1. A fruit. Ta.: vi,
Spondias dulcis. Mq.:
vi, id. Sa.: vi, id.
Ha.: wi, the tamarind. 2.
A fish. Mq.: vi, id.
Churchill |
"WI,
adj. Haw., destitute,
suffering, starving; s.
starvation, famine; wiwi,
lean, meagre; hoo-wiwi,
to lessen, diminish.
Marqu.,
wiwi, poor, feeble;
wiwi-i, solitude. Tah.,
veve, poor,
destitute, bare; v.
to be in want.
Sanskr.,
vi, prep. 'compounded
with verbs and nouns it
implies: 1. separation; 2.
privation; 3. wrongness,
baseness', &c. (Benfey); as
vi-deha, without
body; vi-dharâ,
without man, a widow;
vi-dhantâ, poverty,
without wealth. Lat., ve
or vi, in compound
words, as ve-cors,
without reason, frantic;
ve-grandis, not large,
small; ve-sanus, out
of the senses, raving
unsound; vi-duus,
vi-dua, without husband
or wife, widower, widow. Of
other things, empty, void,
without. Goth, widuwo,
A.-Sax., wuduwa,
widow.
Benfey
(Sanskr. Dict., s.
v.) leads one to infer
that vi is but an aphærsis
of dui.
It seems to me that the
natural inference, and the
natural turn of men's
thoughts, would be that
dui,
two, implied addition rather
than diminution. It is
possible that the Sanskrit
dui
may have been 'worn down',
as Professor Sayce calls it,
to a preposition or mere
affix, not only in the
Sanskrit, but also in the
Gothic and Latin; but with a
substantial Polynesian
wi
still alive indicating
destitution, deprivation,
diminution, I incline to
consider the latter as the
base of, and proper relative
to, the Sanskrit, Gothic,
and Latin preposition or
affix." (Fornander)
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When the old fire is 'starving' (wi)
it will soon turn into ashes. The time of
'retreat' (vi) is 'rising' (tu).
But tuvi could 'announce' the event one glyph
ahead of the actual retreat of the old fire.
Tavi
at marama in Aa1-2 must be something else than
tuvi and tuao:
Ta
OR. Write,
writing. The name of writing
before the term rongorongo
in 1871 became current. Fischer.
1. To tattoo (
= tatú), to tattoo
pictures on the skin, also:
he-tá ite kona, tá-kona. 2.
To weave (a net): he-tá i te
kupega. 3. To shake
something, moving it violently
up and down and from one side to
the other; he-tá e te tokerau
i te maga miro, the wind
shakes the branches of the
trees; also in the iterative
form: e-tá-tá-ana e te
tokerau i te tôa, the wind
continuously shakes the leaves
of the sugarcane. 4. To pull
something up suddenly, for
instance, an eel just caught,
dropping it at once on a stone
and killing it: he-tá i te
koreha.
Tá-tá-vena-vena,
ancient witching formula.
Vanaga.
1. Of. 2.
This, which. 3. Primarily to
strike: to sacrifice, to tattoo,
to insert, to imprint, to write,
to draw, to copy, to design, to
color, to paint, to plaster, to
note, to inscribe, to record, to
describe, number, letter,
figure, relation; ta
hakatitika, treaty; ta
igoa, sign; ta ki,
secretary; ta kona, to
tattoo; ta vanaga,
secretary. Churchill.
... the root
ta through its long
series of known combinations
carries a strongly featured
sense of action that is
peripheral, centrifugal, and
there seems to be at least a
suspicion of the further
connotation that the action is
exerted downward ... The
secondary sense of cutting will
easily be seen to be a striking
with a specialized implement,
and we find this sense stated
without recognition of the
primal striking sense only in
Mangareva, Nukuoro, Viti, and
Malekula. In Indonesia this
secondary sense is predominant,
although Malagasy ta may
come somewhat close to the
striking idea ... Churchill 2. |
Maybe
tavi means 'to strike down' (ta) the time of
'retreat' (vi).
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When the
'old ones' composed Manuscript E they may have thought
of their bird list in also another way. They could have seen
(or remembered or heard of) a list which in Tahua appears as
the glyphs Aa1-1--15:
back side |
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Aa1-9 |
Aa1-10 |
Aa1-11 |
Aa1-12 |
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Aa1-13 |
Aa1-14 |
Aa1-15 ('tu-vi') |
front side |
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Aa1-1
('tu-ao') |
Aa1-2
('ta-vi') |
Aa1-3 |
Aa1-4 |
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Aa1-5 |
Aa1-6 |
Aa1-7 |
Aa1-8 |
If such is the case, then there will be 14
birds up in the light, and we have to
include among them also manu tara erua and
tavi:
kukuru toua |
white pigeon |
makohe |
frigate |
kena |
booby |
tavake |
redtailed tropic
bird |
ascending |
|
descending |
ka
araara |
sooty tern |
ruru |
black petrel |
te
verovero |
taiko |
kava eoeo |
sooty tern |
kumara |
white tern |
pi riuriu |
kiakia |
manu tara
erua |
2 sooty
terns |
tavi |
small
lead-coloured tern |
tuao |
dark brown
tern |
tuvi |
gray tern |
Tavi could be the first bird of these 14.
And it should be located in a 'Monday' if we
only were to judge from
marama in Aa1-2. However, Mondays should come in days
6, 13, and 20. In the summary at gagana
the following chart was presented:
Venus |
Saturn |
Sun |
Moon |
Mars |
Mercury |
Jupiter |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 |
27 |
28 |
Later, at toga, it was noted that Mars
should have only 2 days because Moon will define
the last day of those 20 to be counted. Day
number 21 will therefore correspond to day 1 and
belong to Mercury etc. Mars has 2 'faces'.
If
Mars corresponds to manu tara erua (and
to Aa1-3--4), then the rule of only 2 Tuesdays
among the 20 days is upheld. Mars brings 'fire'
and the preceding tavi 'strikes down' (ta)
the retreating (vi) old season. Marama
in Aa1-2 is a 'waning Monday' crescent.
If
we add Aa1-1 and Aa1-2 to the at first glance
rather meaningless number of glyphs on the
Tahua tablet (1334) it becomes 1336, which can be understood as
a clear statement referring to the sun cycle (13
* 28 = 364 and 36 as in 20 * 18 = 360).
On
the other hand we know that 1334 = 29 * 46 (cfr
the summary at viri). Picture language
must be redundant to avoid misunderstandings.
The
front side ought to begin with Sun, and then
must come Moon. But, we know, Moon is the one
who ends the periods. Therefore Aa1-2
should mark the 'full stop' of the old year and the new
year light must arrive with manu tara erua
(which maybe represent the 'garment' of Sun in
form of the two 'faces' of Mars):
end
of the old year |
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Aa1-15 ('tu-vi') |
Aa1-1
('tu-ao') |
Aa1-2 ('ta-vi') |
start of the new year |
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Aa1-3--4
('manu tara erua') |
The 'dolmen' structure must be changed. I
will also include the 'planetary colours'
used earlier, but only in the ascending
phase. Colours are brought by the rainbow
which comes together with returning Sun.
With returning rain clouds, on the other
hand, the beautiful colours disappear and all
changes into shades of gray:
ascending |
kukuru toua |
white pigeon |
makohe |
frigate |
descending |
ka
araara |
sooty tern |
2 adult manu tara months added to 4
juvenile ones = 6 months for
ascending,
together with 3 double months for descending add up to 12 months.
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kena |
booby |
te
verovero |
tavake |
redtailed tropic
bird |
kava eoeo |
ruru |
black petrel |
pi riuriu |
taiko |
manu tara erua |
kumara |
white tern |
kiakia |
tavi |
small
lead-coloured tern |
tuao |
dark brown
tern |
tuvi |
gray tern |
Moon |
Sun |
Saturn |
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It is of
considerable interest to compare the beginning of side a
of Tahua with the corresponding parallel glyph
sequences of H, P, and Q. In Tahua we can read
the end of side b together with the beginning of side a
at the same time as we will connect the end of the
15-glyph long sequence to its beginning:
back side |
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Ab8-80 |
Ab8-81 |
Ab8-82 |
Ab8-83 |
Ab8-84 'tu-vi') |
front side |
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Aa1-1
('tu-ao') |
Aa1-2
('ta-vi') |
Aa1-3 |
Aa1-4 |
back side |
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Aa1-11 |
Aa1-12 |
Aa1-13 |
Aa1-14 |
Aa1-15 ('tu-vi') |
front side |
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Aa1-1
('tu-ao') |
Aa1-2
('ta-vi') |
Aa1-3 |
Aa1-4 |
Ihe kuukuu ma te maro was what
Metoro said at Aa1-11 (one more than
10). Old Sun is finished here, and his
'head' seems to be severed, possibly to be
used as an 'egg' (cfr Ab8-80). The 11th month-bird could be, I suggest
(having disregarded the pair of 'lintel
birds'), the 'down in the earth' kumara and the 12th the
'up-in-the-light' kiakia:
ascending |
kukuru toua |
white pigeon |
makohe |
frigate |
descending |
ka
araara |
sooty tern |
2 adult manu tara months added to 4
juvenile ones = 6 months for
ascending,
together with 3 double months for descending add up to 12 months.
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kena |
booby |
te
verovero |
tavake |
redtailed tropic
bird |
kava eoeo |
ruru |
black petrel |
pi riuriu |
taiko |
manu tara erua |
kumara |
white tern |
kiakia |
The 7th bird on the list
of Manuscript E, if we count from pi
riuriu, is kena. Kena could correspond to a
'Sunday' because of its location high up and
because of the preceding ka araara,
which has been located to a
'Saturn-day'. I do not count with kukuru
toua and makohe when looking for
the path of Sun - during the flat horizontal
part he does not move, he is in his
'harbour' (haga rave).
And tavake should also
be coloured red because Tavake took
over the role of Kuukuu the planter
(which I assume corresponds to kukuru
toua):
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Aa1-3 |
Aa1-4 |
manu tara erua |
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Aa1-5 |
Aa1-6 |
Aa1-7 |
Aa1-8 |
pi riuriu |
kava eoeo |
te
verovero |
ka
araara |
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Aa1-9 |
Aa1-10 |
Aa1-11 |
Aa1-12 |
kena |
tavake |
ruru |
taiko |
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Aa1-13 |
Aa1-14 |
kumara |
kiakia |
Kukuru toua and makohe
cannot be counted if we are to reach 12
months in a year. The frigate is black and I
have therefore guessed the colour of the
'pigeon' to be white, the colour of the
dead. Spring Sun is 'cut short' before his
heat will be devastating. His colours returns
to white. His 'cranium' must be put down
into the earth and the colour will be black.
In the afternoon sky turns red and the tail
of tavake is red.
In we then turn to for instance H the 'birds' are not
close to the end of the back side of the
tablet:
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Ha5-27 (3) |
Ha5-28 |
Ha5-29 |
Ha5-30 |
Ha5-31 |
Ha5-32 (8) |
manu tara |
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Ha5-33 (9) |
Ha5-34 |
Ha5-35
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Ha5-36 (12) |
kena |
tavake |
ruru |
taiko |
The
imagined bird list here ends with the 'owl' (ruru-taiko) instead of
moving on into the territory of the white Moon (white tern). I
have assigned the ordinal numbers counted from Ha5-25:
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Ha5-19 |
Ha5-20 |
Ha5-21 |
Ha5-22 |
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Ha5-23 |
Ha5-24 (240) |
Ha5-25 (1) |
Ha5-26 |
Marama in Ha5-26 (rima together with the last station number
for the ruling Sun King) is a formed as the 'broken eggshell' in
Aa1-1 (as the waning Moon crescent). It could therefore represent
tuao and the preceding Ha5-25 will then be the Saturn
tuvi. There is only 1 glyph (not 5) from the 'egg' to 'tuao',
and it could be a shorter 'incubation time' for Moon. Unless
matariki in Ha5-25 indicates a longer duration.
Beyond the 'owl' (Ha5-35--36) we will find the first glyphs of the
nighttime cycle:
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Ha5-37 |
Ha5-38 |
Ha5-39 |
Ha5-40 |
Ha5-41 |
Ha5-42 |
Ha5-43 |
Excepting Ha5-37 these night glyphs have their counterparts in Tahua
(though there allocated after the daytime calendar). Possibly we should regard Ha5-37 as
a Moon glyph, one more than 5 * (20 + 16) = 180.
Tahua has here, instead of the beginning of the nighttime cycle,
the first glyphs of the daytime calendar:
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