TRANSLATIONS

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The first pages of hupee:

 

A few preliminary remarks and imaginations:

1. I guess the basic meaning of 'mucus' could be the slimy mixture of land and sea squeezing up between your toes when treading on the muddy beach at low tide.

This idea points to the cosmic border line between 'land' and 'sea', i.e. the nourishing place after the vai season has passed away - spring. The 'birth of new land' comes with 'high tide going away', when 'the primal embrace' is torn apart:

... Rangi and Papa existed in close and loving embrace until a spirit without origin forced them asunder. His name was Rangi-tokona, Sky-propper, and he corresponds with the Tui-tee-langi of Samoan myth. Rangi-tokona first politely requested Rangi and Papa to separate but they refused. Then he lifted Rangi higher and higher by means of magical incantations and propped him up on ten pillars which he placed one on top of the other so that they formed a single, long support. Then for the first time light shone in upon the earth ...

A wordplay between hopu and hupe(e) is possible, and in Marquesan hopu means 'to embrace':

Hopu

1. To wash oneself, to bathe, 2. Aid, helper, in the following expressions: hopu kupega, those who help the motuha o te hopu kupega in handling the fishing nets; hopu manu, those who served the tagata manu and, upon finding the first manutara egg, took it to Orongo. Vanaga.

Bath; to bathe, to cleanse (hoopu). Pau.: hopu, bath; to bathe. Ta.: hopu, to dive. Churchill.

Mq.: hopu, to embrace, to clasp about the body. Ma.: hopu, to catch, to seize. Churchill.

 

 

2. The cycle of ebb and high tide is governed by Moon, and twice in a day her water is flowing in and out, as if breathing. When she is straight above or straight down it is the time of flood, her water follows her. This means the times when water recedes are connected with Moon at the horizon in the west or at the horizon in the east.

Picture from Wikipedia where it is stated that Moon returns to the same place in the sky after about 24 hours and 50 minutes, which means the tidal period will be half as long (12 hours and 25 minutes):

... Most coastal areas experience two high and two low tides per day. The gravitational effect of the Moon on the surface of the Earth is the same when it is directly overhead as when it is directly underfoot. The Moon orbits the Earth in the same direction the Earth rotates on its axis, so it takes slightly more than a day—about 24 hours and 50 minutes—for the Moon to return to the same location in the sky. During this time, it has passed overhead once and underfoot once, so in many places the period of strongest tidal forcing is 12 hours and 25 minutes. The high tides do not necessarily occur when the Moon is overhead or underfoot, but the period of the forcing still determines the time between high tides.

The Sun also exerts on the Earth a gravitational attraction which results in a (less powerful) secondary tidal effect. When the Earth, Moon and Sun are approximately aligned, these two tidal effects reinforce one another, resulting in higher highs and lower lows. This alignment occurs approximately twice a month (at the full moon and new moon). These recurring extreme tides are termed spring tides. Tides with the smallest range are termed neap tides (occurring around the first and last quarter moons) ...

Yesterday evening I happened to learn from the Life series on TV that in the extreme south of Africa there are baboons who are living in a tough environment with scarce food resources. They had learned that at the time of spring flood (about every fortnight) it was possible, when the sea was drawing back, to go out among the kelp otherwise inaccessible in order to search for sharks' eggs, a very nutricient food.

I remembered from ika hiku: ... Mermaid's purses (also known as Devil's Purses) are the egg cases of skates, sharks and rays. They are among the common objects which are washed up by the sea. Because they are lightweight, they are often found at the furthest point of the high tide. The eggcases that wash up on beaches are usually empty, the young fish having already hatched out ...

The 'living purses' are far out, but the empty ones are high up on the beach. This makes the image of a shark's egg useful as a symbol which easily can be changed from living (with 'legs') to dead (without 'legs'). We should keep this possibility in mind when trying to understand such glyphs as for instance:

The peculiar idea of chiefs being 'sharks who walk on land' fits with finding empty cases high up on the beach, the inhabitants evidently having moved inlands.

 

 

3. With Moon governing not only the tides but also time in general, it is not strange to count time in doublemonths. Waxing and waning should occur twice also in the 'her longer day', the month (her ordinary day being 24 hours and 50 minutes). Such must be inferred from the theory of correspondences.

Maybe, therefore, hupee can occur in 2 different locations in a calendar for the year - or in any type of calendar for that matter. A diurnal pattern is in harmony with the for us now civilized people foreign view of 2 'years' in a year, a 'summer year' and a 'winter year'. But each year evidently has one 'ebb' period and one period of 'high tide' (or in agricultural terms one season 'in leaf' and one 'in straw'). A semidiurnal pattern would be more appropriate for people living by the sea and Moon is needed whenever time is to be counted.

At the number of the beast, on the front side of the Tahua tablet, the 'deluge' will from our new perspective not necessarily be a description of an 'inundation' in the sky (the region of 'earth' sinking down into 'water' due to the undulation of the sky dome), nor a reflection of old stories about how the Nile - or some other great river - regularly is flowing over its banks, nor of memories of monsoon rains in some ancient homeland (cfr at maitaki):

Aa6-64 Aa6-65 Aa6-66 Aa6-67 Aa6-68

Quite possibly the origin lies much earlier, when man like the baboons of South Africa learned the value of keeping in touch with time in order to find food on the exposed tidal flats.

The connection between tides and Moon was in Polynesia evidently encoded by her 'face' (a reflection of where the sun is) and when / where Moon is to be seen in the sky. Sun and earth are the determining factors. Together they define the moon. But seen from the other direction Moon rules over Sun and also what happens down on Earth, which of course is a more practical and commonsense view.

An example is offered by the Hawaiian Moon calendar (cfr at marama) where the tides are of central importance, for instance:

... On the evening of Hilo there is a low tide until morning. On this night the women fished by hand (in the pools left by the receding sea) and the men went torch fishing. It was a calm night, no tide until morning. It was a warm night without puffs of wind; on the river-banks people caught goby fish by hand and shrimps in hand-nets in the warm water. Thus passed the famous night of Hilo. During the day, the sea rose washing up on the sand, and returned to its old bed, and the water was rough ...

We should here notice, though, that in the night of Hilo the water was warm, which does not agree with how Bishop Jaussen explained hupee, viz. as 'rhume, air froide'. Also 'mucus from the nose' and 'night-dew' give associations to a chilly environment.

 

 

A short summary:

1

Hilo

On the evening of Hilo there is a low tide until morning. On this night the women fished by hand (in the pools left by the receding sea) and the men went torch fishing. It was a calm night, no tide until morning. It was a warm night without puffs of wind; on the river-banks people caught goby fish by hand and shrimps in hand-nets in the warm water. Thus passed the famous night of Hilo. During the day, the sea rose washing up on the sand, and returned to its old bed, and the water was rough.

2

Hoaka

On the evening when Hoaka rises there is low tide until morning, just like the night of Hilo.

3

Ku-kahi

 

4

Ku-lua

On that evening the wind blows, the sea is choppy, there is low tide but the sea is rough. The next morning the wind blows gently and steadily. It was a day of low tide. The sea receeded and many came down to fish.

5

Ku-kolu

A day of low tide; but the wind blows until the ole night of the Moon. Many fishermen go out during these days after different sorts of fish. The sea is filled with fleets of canoes and the beach with people fishing with poles and with women diving for sea-urchins, the large and small varieties, gathering limu, spreading poison, crab fishing, squid spearing, and other activities.During the wet season these are stormy days rather than clear; it is only during the dry season when these low tides prevail, that fish are abundant, the sea-urchins fat and so forth ...

6

Ku-pau

It is a day of low tide like the others until the afternoon, then the sea rises, then ebbs, until the afternoon of the next day. The wind blows gently but it is scarcely perceptible. The sand is exposed.

7

Ole-ku-kahi

It is a day of rough sea which washes up the sand and lays bare the stones at the bottom. Seaweed of the flat green variety it torn up and cast on the shore in great quantity.

8

Ole-ku-lua

...the second [night] of rough seas. It is a good night for torch fishing, for the sea ebbs a little during the night.

9

Ole-ku-kolu

The sea is rough as on the first two days of this group. The tide is low and there is torch fishing at night when the sea is calm. Some nights it is likely to be rough.

10

Ole-pau

 

11

Huna

 

12

Mohalu

There is a low tide and the night is the sixth of the group.

13

Hua

The tide is low on that day and it is the seventh of the group. Such is the nature of this night.

14

Akua

This is the eighth of this group of nights. It is a day of low or high tide, hence the saying: It may be rough, it may be calm.

15

Hoku

 

16

Mahea-lani

It is a day of low tide.

17

Kulu

This is the eleventh of the nights of this group and on this night the sea gathers up and replaces the sand.

18

Laau-ku-kahi

There is sea, indeed, but it is only moderately high.

19

Laau-ku-lua

The sea is rough.

20

Laau-pau

A day of boisterous seas.

21

Ole-ku-kahi

A day of rough seas so that it is said: 'Nothing (ole) is to be had from the sea.'

22

Ole-ku-lua

...a day of rough seas.

23

Ole-pau

 

24

Kaloa-ku-kahi

The weather is bad with a high sea. This is the last rough day, the sea now becomes calm.

25

Kaloa-ku-lua

 

26

Kane

It is a day of very low tide but joyous for men who fish with lines and for girls who dive for sea-urchins.

27

Lono

The tide is low, the sea calm, the sand is gathered up and returned to its place; in these days the sea begins to wash back the sand that the rough sea has scooped up. This is one account of the night of Lono.

28

Mauli

...a day of low tide. 'A sea that gathers up and returns the sand to its place' is the meaning of this single word.

29

Muku

...a day of low tide, when the sea gathers up and returns the sand to its place, a day of diving for sea-urchins, small and large, for gathering sea-weed, for line-fishing by children, squid-catching, uluulu fishing, pulu fishing and so forth. Such is the activity of this day.

What seems to have been of main interest were days with a low tide, for 15 out of 29 nights a low tide is mentioned.

Especially noteworthy is the fact that 'growing Moon' is characterized by low tide, while for 'waning Moon' - excepting the last 4 nights - a low tide is not mentioned. When Moon is growing it corresponds to the time when Sun in spring is moving higher and higher leaving Mother Earth down below. Sky (Sun) is torn apart from the loving embrace.

The last 4 nights of waning Moon (from Tane onwards) could correspond to how 'the front side' of the year is beginning already at the end of the 'back side' of the year.

In the 17th (or 11th) night (Turu) a new season ('the flood' or 'the back side') is coming. After a further 10 nights 'the low tide' returns, in the 26th night of Tane.

We should furthermore notice that also the 7th night is a night of change (which probably means 'of Moon'):

'It is a day of rough sea which washes up the sand and lays bare the stones at the bottom. Seaweed of the flat green variety it torn up and cast on the shore in great quantity.'

17 - 11 = 6 and this difference between my ordinal numbers in the table above and what is stated in the calendar is verified at Atua, which I have given number 14 but which according to the calendar should be regarded as number 8.

The Tane night - which is number 26 counted from the beginning with Hiro as number 1 - will probably be number 20 in the view of the calendar maker. Once again number 20 is found to be the limit for counting nights in a month.

And the first night is not Hiro but Kore-Tu'u-Tahi. When counting to 20 nights in a month you should not begin until Moon has risen far enough and you should stop before she has shrunken too much.

The description of events and conditions according to the calendar apparently is mainly a theoretical construct rather than a reflection of what was truly observed in mother nature during a month. As such it is of greater interest and value for us than a structure based on pure observational records.