TRANSLATIONS
The first pages of hupee:
A few preliminary
remarks and imaginations:
1.
I guess the basic meaning of 'mucus' could be the
slimy mixture of land
and sea squeezing up between your toes when treading on
the muddy beach at low tide.
This idea points to the cosmic border line between 'land' and 'sea',
i.e. the nourishing place after the vai season has passed
away - spring. The 'birth of new land' comes with 'high tide going
away', when 'the primal embrace' is torn apart:
...
Rangi and
Papa existed in close and loving embrace until a spirit without
origin forced them asunder. His name was Rangi-tokona,
Sky-propper, and he corresponds with the Tui-tee-langi of
Samoan myth. Rangi-tokona first politely requested Rangi
and Papa to separate but they refused. Then he lifted
Rangi higher and higher by means of magical incantations and
propped him up on ten pillars which he placed one on top of the
other so that they formed a single, long support. Then for the first
time light shone in upon the earth ...
A wordplay between hopu and hupe(e) is
possible, and in Marquesan hopu means 'to embrace':
Hopu
1. To wash oneself, to
bathe, 2. Aid,
helper, in the following expressions: hopu kupega, those who help
the motuha o te hopu kupega in handling the
fishing nets; hopu manu, those who served the
tagata manu and, upon finding the first manutara
egg, took it to Orongo. Vanaga.
Bath; to bathe, to cleanse (hoopu).
Pau.: hopu, bath; to bathe. Ta.: hopu, to
dive. Churchill.
Mq.: hopu, to embrace, to clasp
about the body. Ma.: hopu, to catch, to seize.
Churchill. |
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2.
The cycle of ebb and high tide is
governed by Moon, and twice in a day her water is flowing
in and out, as if breathing. When she is straight above or straight
down it is the time of flood, her water follows her. This means the
times when water recedes are connected with Moon at the horizon in
the west or at the horizon in the east.
Picture from Wikipedia where it is stated that Moon
returns to the same place in the sky after about 24 hours and 50
minutes, which means the tidal period will be half as long (12 hours
and 25 minutes):
... Most coastal areas experience two
high and two low tides per day. The gravitational effect
of the Moon on the surface of the Earth is the same when
it is directly overhead as when it is directly
underfoot. The Moon orbits the Earth in the same
direction the Earth rotates on its axis, so it takes
slightly more than a day—about 24 hours and 50
minutes—for the Moon to return to the same location in
the sky. During this time, it has passed overhead once
and underfoot once, so in many places the period of
strongest tidal forcing is 12 hours and 25 minutes. The
high tides do not necessarily occur when the Moon is
overhead or underfoot, but the period of the forcing
still determines the time between high tides.
The Sun also exerts on the Earth a
gravitational attraction which results in a (less
powerful) secondary tidal effect. When the Earth, Moon
and Sun are approximately aligned, these two tidal
effects reinforce one another, resulting in higher highs
and lower lows. This alignment occurs approximately
twice a month (at the full moon and new moon). These
recurring extreme tides are termed spring tides. Tides
with the smallest range are termed neap tides (occurring
around the first and last quarter moons) ... |
Yesterday evening I happened to learn from the Life
series on TV that in the extreme south of Africa there are baboons
who are living in a tough environment with scarce food resources.
They had learned that at the time of spring flood (about every
fortnight) it was possible, when the sea was drawing back, to go out
among the kelp otherwise inaccessible in order to search for sharks'
eggs, a very nutricient food.
I remembered from ika hiku: ... Mermaid's
purses (also known as Devil's Purses) are the egg cases of skates,
sharks and rays. They are among the common objects which are washed
up by the sea. Because they are lightweight, they are often found at
the furthest point of the high tide. The eggcases that wash up on
beaches are usually empty, the young fish having already hatched out
...
The 'living purses' are far out, but the empty ones
are high up on the beach. This makes the image of a shark's
egg useful as a symbol which easily can be changed from living (with
'legs') to dead (without 'legs'). We should keep this possibility in
mind when trying to understand such glyphs as for instance:
The
peculiar idea of chiefs being 'sharks who walk on land' fits
with finding empty cases high up on the beach, the inhabitants
evidently having moved inlands.
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3.
With Moon governing not only the tides but also time in general, it
is not strange to count time in doublemonths. Waxing and waning
should occur twice also in the 'her longer day', the month (her
ordinary day being 24 hours and 50 minutes).
Such must be inferred from the theory of correspondences.
Maybe, therefore, hupee can occur in 2 different locations
in a calendar for the year - or in any type of calendar for that
matter. A diurnal pattern is in harmony with the for us now
civilized people foreign view of 2 'years' in a
year, a 'summer year' and a 'winter year'. But each year evidently
has one
'ebb' period and one period of 'high tide' (or in agricultural terms
one season 'in leaf' and one 'in straw'). A semidiurnal pattern
would be more appropriate for people living by the sea and Moon is needed
whenever time is to be counted.
At the number of the beast, on the front side of the
Tahua tablet, the 'deluge' will from our new perspective not
necessarily be a description of an 'inundation' in the sky (the region
of 'earth' sinking down into 'water' due to the undulation of the
sky dome), nor a reflection of old
stories about how the Nile - or some other great river - regularly
is flowing over its banks, nor of memories of monsoon rains in some
ancient homeland (cfr at maitaki):
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Aa6-64 |
Aa6-65 |
Aa6-66 |
Aa6-67 |
Aa6-68 |
Quite possibly the origin lies much earlier, when man
like the baboons of South Africa learned the value of keeping in
touch with time in order to find food on the exposed tidal flats.
The connection between tides and Moon was in Polynesia evidently encoded by her
'face' (a reflection of where the sun is) and when / where Moon is to
be seen in the sky. Sun and earth are the determining factors. Together they define the moon. But seen from the other
direction Moon rules over Sun and also what happens down on Earth,
which of course is a more practical and commonsense view.
An example is offered by the Hawaiian Moon calendar (cfr at
marama) where the tides are of
central importance, for instance:
... On the evening
of Hilo there is a low tide
until morning. On this night the women fished by
hand (in the pools left by the receding sea) and the men
went torch fishing. It was a calm night, no tide until
morning. It was a warm night without puffs of wind; on
the river-banks people caught goby fish by hand and
shrimps in hand-nets in the warm water. Thus passed the
famous night of Hilo. During the day, the sea
rose washing up on the sand, and returned to its old
bed, and the water was rough ...
We should here notice, though,
that in the night of Hilo the water was warm, which does not agree with how Bishop
Jaussen explained hupee, viz. as 'rhume, air froide'.
Also 'mucus from the nose' and 'night-dew' give associations to a
chilly environment.
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A short summary:
1 |
Hilo |
On the evening
of Hilo there is a low tide
until morning. On this night the women fished by
hand (in the pools left by the receding sea) and the men
went torch fishing. It was a calm night, no tide until
morning. It was a warm night without puffs of wind; on
the river-banks people caught goby fish by hand and
shrimps in hand-nets in the warm water. Thus passed the
famous night of Hilo. During the day, the sea
rose washing up on the sand, and returned to its old
bed, and the water was rough. |
2 |
Hoaka |
On the evening
when Hoaka rises there is
low tide until morning, just
like the night of Hilo. |
3 |
Ku-kahi |
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4 |
Ku-lua |
On that evening
the wind blows, the sea is choppy, there is low tide but
the sea is rough. The next morning the wind blows gently
and steadily. It was a day
of low tide. The sea receeded
and many came down to fish. |
5 |
Ku-kolu |
A day of low
tide; but the wind blows until
the ole night of the Moon. Many fishermen go out
during these days after different sorts of fish. The sea
is filled with fleets of canoes and the beach with
people fishing with poles and with women diving for
sea-urchins, the large and small varieties, gathering
limu, spreading poison, crab fishing, squid
spearing, and other activities.During the wet season
these are stormy days rather than clear; it is
only during the dry season when these low tides prevail,
that fish are abundant, the sea-urchins
fat and so forth ... |
6 |
Ku-pau |
It is
a day of low tide like the others
until the afternoon, then the sea rises, then ebbs,
until the afternoon of the next day.
The wind blows gently but it is scarcely perceptible.
The sand is exposed. |
7 |
Ole-ku-kahi |
It is a day of
rough sea which washes up the sand and lays bare the
stones at the bottom. Seaweed of the flat green variety
it torn up and cast on the shore in great quantity. |
8 |
Ole-ku-lua |
...the second
[night] of rough seas. It is a good night for torch
fishing, for the sea ebbs a
little during the night. |
9 |
Ole-ku-kolu |
The sea is rough
as on the first two days of this group. The
tide is low
and there is torch fishing at night
when the sea is calm. Some nights it is likely to
be rough. |
10 |
Ole-pau |
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11 |
Huna |
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12 |
Mohalu |
There is a
low tide
and the night is the sixth of the
group. |
13 |
Hua |
The
tide is low
on that day and it is the seventh of the group. Such is
the nature of this night. |
14 |
Akua |
This is the
eighth of this group of nights. It is a day of
low or high tide,
hence the saying: It may be rough, it may be calm. |
15 |
Hoku |
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16 |
Mahea-lani |
It is a day of
low tide. |
17 |
Kulu |
This is the
eleventh of the nights of this group and on this night
the sea gathers up and replaces the sand. |
18 |
Laau-ku-kahi |
There is sea,
indeed, but it is only moderately high. |
19 |
Laau-ku-lua |
The sea is rough. |
20 |
Laau-pau |
A day of
boisterous seas. |
21 |
Ole-ku-kahi |
A day of rough
seas so that it is said: 'Nothing (ole) is to be
had from the sea.' |
22 |
Ole-ku-lua |
...a day of
rough seas. |
23 |
Ole-pau |
|
24 |
Kaloa-ku-kahi |
The weather is
bad with a high sea. This is the last rough day, the sea
now becomes calm. |
25 |
Kaloa-ku-lua |
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26 |
Kane |
It is
a day of very low tide but
joyous for men who fish with lines and for girls who
dive for sea-urchins. |
27 |
Lono |
The
tide is low,
the sea calm, the sand is gathered up and returned to
its place; in these days the sea begins to wash back the
sand that the rough sea has scooped up. This is one
account of the night of Lono. |
28 |
Mauli |
...a
day of low tide. 'A sea that
gathers up and returns the sand to its place' is the
meaning of this single word. |
29 |
Muku |
...a
day of low tide, when the sea
gathers up and returns the sand to its place, a day of
diving for sea-urchins, small and large, for gathering
sea-weed, for line-fishing by children, squid-catching,
uluulu fishing, pulu fishing and so forth.
Such is the activity of this day. |
What seems to have been of main interest were days with a low tide,
for 15
out of 29 nights a low tide is mentioned.
Especially noteworthy is the fact that 'growing Moon' is
characterized by low tide, while for 'waning Moon' - excepting the
last 4 nights - a low tide is not mentioned. When Moon is growing it
corresponds to the time when Sun in spring is moving higher and
higher leaving Mother Earth down below. Sky (Sun) is torn apart from
the loving embrace.
The last 4 nights of waning Moon (from Tane
onwards) could correspond to how 'the front side' of the year is
beginning already at the end of the 'back side' of the year.
In the 17th (or 11th) night (Turu) a new season ('the flood'
or 'the back side')
is coming. After a further 10 nights 'the low tide' returns, in the 26th night
of Tane.
We should furthermore notice that also the 7th night is a night of
change (which probably means 'of Moon'):
'It is a day of
rough sea which washes up the sand and lays bare the
stones at the bottom. Seaweed of the flat green variety
it torn up and cast on the shore in great quantity.'
17 - 11 = 6 and this difference between my ordinal numbers in the
table above and what
is stated in the calendar is verified at Atua, which I have
given number 14 but which according to the calendar should be regarded as number 8.
The Tane night - which is number 26 counted
from the beginning with Hiro as number 1 - will probably be
number 20 in the view of the calendar maker. Once again number 20 is
found to be the limit for counting nights in a month.
And the first night is not Hiro but
Kore-Tu'u-Tahi. When counting to 20 nights in a month you should
not begin until Moon has risen far enough and you should stop before
she has shrunken too much.
The description of events and conditions according to the calendar apparently is mainly a theoretical construct rather than a
reflection of what was truly observed in mother nature during a
month. As such it is of greater interest and value for us than a
structure based on pure observational records.
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