TRANSLATIONS

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Looking for security in a hostile world another method (than trying to integrate everything) is to search for structures (not to define them, because that would exclude). Once having found such a structure much is needed to take it away.

The structure 52 + 260 + 52 = 364 surely is a structure which has survived for millenia,  however strange it may seem to our western civilization modern minds.

Beginning in the dark (first 52) and ending in the dark (last 52), but in the middle a long 'season' in the light.

The pattern is seen in the moon. It is the moon which once made us see the structure.

260 = 20 * 13, the maximum number is 20 (beyond which another set of fingers and toes is necessary):

... The 260 days of the sacred year were formed by pre-fixing the numbers 1 to 13 inclusive to the twenty Maya day-glyphs, the names of which are given below, beginning with Ik, one of the Old Empire year bearers ...

Ik Manik Eb Caban
Akbal Lamat Ben Eznab
Kan Muluc Ix Cauac
Chicchan Oc Men Ahau
Cimi Chuen Cib Imix

13 = 364 / 28, where 28 is the number of nights moon is visible.

20 is derived from the human constitution, 28 from the constitution of the moon (derived from the constitution of the sun, whose light is needed). Sun and moon together generate 28.

Harnessing the year to 28 generates 13.

From 13 and 20 (the human touch) the sacred 260 is generated (sun, moon and human together).

52 is 20 % (or rather 1/5) of 260. 260 (5) + twice 52 (1) gives the solution 364 (7).

260, the light season, is coordinated with the number of fingers on a hand, and 364 is coordinated with the number of 'planets'.

364 includes sun, moon, man and the planets.

We now continue with the pages of the 'Excursion':

4. The use of the last mauga in the calendar (= the first mauga in the text, i.e. Eb2-13) probably is to indicate where the natural year definitely ends.

If we step 6 glyphs backwards, arriving at number 180, the presumed quarters will be shorter:

1st half 2nd half
91 91
Eb1-37 Eb4-22 Eb4-23 Eb2-13
1 93 94 186
87 88
Eb1-37 Eb4-18 Eb4-19 Eb4-20 Eb2-7
1 89 90 91 180

Probably Eb4-18 indicates the high point of summer, in which case the calendar can be used either to follow the summer (180 glyphs = days) or to follow the winter (186 glyphs = days). The tagata glyph in Eb4-18 will then agree with how it is used in Ga4-1 and in Ha6-2:

Ga4-1 Eb4-18 Ha6-2
midsummer noon

A close look at the bottom end of henua in Eb4-19 reveals that it is cut off obliquely, sloping downwards. Probably this signifies that the 2nd half is beginning here.

We have earlier (in the tara 'chapter') observed how an obliquely cut off bottom end of  henua is used at the final of the calendar in K (and in the last text line on side b of A):

 

29

Kb4-10

Kb4-11

Kb4-12

Kb4-13

Kb4-14

Ab8-64

Ab8-83

In addition, there is a henua in the K calendar cut of obliquely at the top:

14
Kb1-2 Kb1-3

The location of Kb1-3 in the calendar implies 'cut off at the top' (when sun stands high) means 'end' of the 1st half year, while 'cut off at the bottom' refers to the 2nd half year. Although we have very few glyphs of this general type to rely on, it is plausible to add Eb4-19 to the group:

13
Eb4-13 Eb4-14 Eb4-15 Eb4-16 Eb4-17
Eb4-18 Eb4-19 Eb4-20 Eb4-21

The bottom end is sloping slightly downwards, maybe indicating how the course of the sun beyond its maximum at Eb4-18 now is sloping downwards. The 13th period of the 24 in the Keiti calendar is a kind of confirmation (as well as ordinal number 19 - 'sun finish').

A more thorough examination of the cut off ends of henua glyphs will have to wait until later on, though.

If the text can be read either following summer or following winter, then complications must arise. The appearance of a summer high sky tagata in Eb4-18 will surely induce the reader to think 'high summer'. The 3 feathers at the back of the head of ariki in Eb4-20 presumably refer to the first part of the year now being in the past. Maybe this first part is to be counted from spring equinox to summer solstice, maybe not.

13 (in the period number) can refer to 13 * 20 = 260 nice days of spring being in the past, but rather to 13 * 10 = 130 days, because 260 days is far too much. 130 = 4 * 30 + 10, somewhat more than a tertial. But with 130 days in the past, the rest will also be 130 and the total 260 days.

And where can we see the winter glyphs? Are the glyphs only describing summer? During winter it is dark and we cannot see the glyphs clearly, but there is enough light to count them.

We continue:

 

5. With a mauga as glyph number 19 (in the 1st period) it seems clear that a new season (for the sun - 19 being the 'dark sun' corresponding to the 29 dark moon night) will begin from Eb2-15:
102
Eb2-13 Eb2-14 Eb2-15 Eb5-11 Eb5-12
- - 1 104 -

104 = 8 * 13, a nice number. But the glyph is located in period 19, not a nice number. Rei in Eb5-7 initiates a new season, the old one (summer) ends at 99 and the new season begins with Rei at 100 (in a way equal to number 1).

18
Eb5-4 Eb5-5 Eb5-6 Eb5-7 Eb5-8 Eb5-9
97 98 99 100 101 102
19
Eb5-10 Eb5-11 Eb5-12 Eb5-13
103 104 105 106

As we earlier have learnt Eb5-4 presumably is the 'fully grown summer' person. At the beginning of the new season (Eb5-7 onwards) there may still be signs of the old season (redmarked by me above), but from Eb5-12 the signs are gone. Counting from the first glyph in period 2 and up to mauga in Eb5-11 it seems that we have arrived at the definite end of the light season.

105 = 5 * 21 = 7 * 15. Both 21 and 15 indicate points of new 'seasons', with 21 another set of fingers and toes is needed and at 15 moon is full and cannot grow any more.

104 = 2 * 52 = 364 - 260. The glyphs and the period numbers tell about the end of summer. The last of the redmarked glyphs is the 'moon'-mauga at Eb5-11 and I motivated the colour as due to seasons changing slowly (while we humans have difficulties communicating if everything is hazy and flowing).

A mauga glyph ought to represent the last stage in the development. By locating the 'moon' mauga 5 glyphs beyond Rei the writer may have tried to convey the slow change of seasons. Logically - given that a mauga is the last stage and therefore also the last glyph - it should otherwise have been located immediately before Rei (i.e. at position 99 as Eb5-6).

On the other hand, beyond a mauga glyph, we have learned, a henua with kai ought to be - not a Rei glyph. We need a table:

 

Ordinal numbers are counted from the first glyph in the 1st period.
1
Eb2-10 Eb2-11 Eb2-12 Eb2-13 Eb2-14
16 (183) 17 (184) 18 (185) 19 (186) 20 (187)
5
Eb3-1 Eb3-2 Eb3-3 Eb3-4 Eb3-5
34 35 36 37 38
7
Eb3-20 Eb3-21 Eb3-22 Eb3-23 Eb3-24
53 54 55 56 57
11
Eb4-2 Eb4-3 Eb4-4 Eb4-5 Eb4-6
73 74 75 76 77
13
Eb4-17 Eb4-18 Eb4-19 Eb4-20 Eb4-21
88 89 90 91 92
14
Eb4-22 Eb4-23 Eb4-24 Eb4-25
93 94 95 96
18
Eb5-4 Eb5-5 Eb5-6 Eb5-7 Eb5-8
117 118 119 120 121
19
Eb5-10 Eb5-11 Eb5-12 Eb5-13
123 124 125 126
24
Eb5-29 Eb5-30 Eb5-31 Eb5-32 Eb5-33
142 143 144 145 146
Eb5-34 Eb5-35 Eb6-1 Eb6-2
147 148 149 150
Eb6-3 Eb6-4 Eb6-5
151 152 153

I have here inserted also Eb4-18 as a sort of 'mauga'. Because:

1. Mauga can be a poetic appellation of a great old man: "... In oratory or prose-poetry and chant an ariki might be alluded to not by her och his personal name, but by a distinctive geographic feature, enhancing her or his mana accordingly; for example: Kua tae mai a Tongariro ('The mountain, Tongariro, has arrived'). Here the image refers to the paramount chief Te Heuheu who lived beneath the smooth cone of this sleeping volcano ..." (Starzecka)

2. The ordinal number 4-18 suggests a cardinal point has been reached. 4 * 18 = 72 = 1/5 of 360.

3. In Eb4-19 a cut-off (at the bottom end) henua indicates maximum just has been passed.

4. The tagata glyph suggests 'noon'.

5. Eb4-19 belongs to the general type of glyph which follows a mauga glyph:

 

11 'eating' = new season of growth
Eb4-4 Eb4-5
75 76
13 new season of descending
Eb4-18 Eb4-19
89 90
19 'eating' = new season of growth
Eb5-11 Eb5-12
124 125
1 'finished'
Eb2-12 Eb2-13
185 186

Eb4-18 together with Eb2-13 define the two ends of the sun year, probably located at summer respectively winter solstice. In the earlier table above I have redmarked triplets of glyphs and included also Eb6-2 due to its 'mauga' position:

 

11 'eating' = new season of growth (following the 'night')
Eb4-3 Eb4-4 Eb4-5
74 75 76
13 new season of descending (after 'night' has flown away)
Eb4-17 Eb4-18 Eb4-19
88 89 90
19 'eating' = new season of growth (for moon - sun has left)
Eb5-10 Eb5-11 Eb5-12
123 124 125
24 new light (after total darkness)
Eb6-1 Eb6-2 Eb6-3
149 150 151
1 'finished'
Eb2-12 Eb2-13
185 186

In the last group there are only two glyphs, but Eb2-13 has the characteristics of both the 2nd and 3rd element: mauga at left and an eating gesture at right.

The general characteristic of the 3rd element is, though, not the eating gesture but a hand. In Eb6-3 we can see 3 fire-generating fingers (obviously attached to a hand). In Eb4-19 we can see a closed fist, presumably signifying the 'fruits' of late summer (and how the flames of the sun are disappearing, leaving only a little ball).

In the 2nd element, in the center, mauga is located. In Eb4-18 the paramount chief is like a mountain (or, the other way around with the 'noon mountain' like a standing man). In Eb6-2 another aspect of the mountain is visualized - the 'shadow of death'.

The 1st element is in three of the five 'triplets' henua, Eb4-3, Eb4-17, and Eb6-1 (shown by its absence). In Eb5-10 we instead have a vero glyph with a sign of the moon at the bottom end. Possibly it signifies how sun has left this region (henua) for the other side of the equator. However, there is also a possibility of some kind of relationship between the vero glyph type as such and the henua glyph type. The vero glyph type could e.g. be composed from ragi (top), henua (middle) and sun disc (bottom).

In Eb2-12, finally, the arm with hand 'waving goodbye' could have a similar relationship to henua: if it is the old sun who is 'waving goodbye', 'disappearing behind the mountain', then, of course, the land will be left in darkness.

I have red-marked all three glyphs i the 'triplets' not only to illustrate how they belong together visually, but also to exemplify how their ordinal numbers can function together:

 

Blue sums = sum of the ordinal numbers in respective text line, red sums = sum of the ordinal numbers counted from the 1st glyph in the 1st period.
11 12

225

 

Eb4-3 Eb4-4 Eb4-5
74 75 76
13 54

267

Eb4-17 Eb4-18 Eb4-19
88 89 90
19 33

372

Eb5-10 Eb5-11 Eb5-12
123 124 125
24 6

450

Eb6-1 Eb6-2 Eb6-3
149 150 151
1 25

371

Eb2-12 Eb2-13
185 186

This number play results in e.g. 225 at 'noon', which can be interpreted as 15 * 15 (with 15, of course, signifying the full moon night). Blue 12 obviously could refer to the last half-month of the 1st half of the year.

450 at 'midnight' can be interpreted as 18 * 25 (with 25 equal to 5 * 5, referring to the 'fire' of the sun). Blue 6, of course, could refer to the last double-month of the sun.

A relationship between period 19 and period 1 is apparent: 372 respectively 371, nearly equal sums. In period 19 sun is moving north and in the 1st period sun is saying definitely goodbye - nearly equal meanings.

267 in period 13 does not seem right. If we shifted one glyph to the right, however, the blue sum would be 56 = 2 * 28 = 4 * 14 = 8 * 7, and the red sum would be 270 = 9 * 30 (possible to use as signifying how sun now will decline):

 

13 56

270

Eb4-18 Eb4-19 Eb4-20
89 90 91