TRANSLATIONS

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Now to the first of the two hyperlinks: 'in the beginning there was no light'. We recognize the story:

 

A well-known Polynesian myth about the beginning of cosmos, when there was yet no light, and where the very first being - Tagaroa - dwelt alone in a shell, may have been in the mind of the creator of the K text:

"Long ago in the very beginning of time there dwelt within a shell an infant god whose name was Ta'aroa. He was Ta'aroa the unique one, the ancestor of all gods, the creator of the universe whose natures were myriad, whose backbone was the ridgepole of the world, whose ribs were its supporters. The shell was called Rumia, Upset.

Becoming aware at last of his own existence and oppressed by a yearning loneliness Ta'aroa broke open his shell and, looking out, beheld the black limitless expanse of empty space. Hopefully, he shouted, but no voice answered him. He was alone in the vast cosmos. Within the broken Rumia he grew a new shell to shut out the primeval void.

Eons passed and Ta'aroa grew to be a lad conscious of his own vigor and potentialities. Impatience grew upon him until he could bear his isolation no longer. He broke forth from his shell with energy, resolved to create beings like himself who would banish his loneliness forever.

Ta'aroa's first act was to construct a firm foundation for the earth, using the strong second shell for stratum rock. The shell Rumia became his dwelling place, the overarching dome of the sky. It was a confined sky enclosing the world just forming, and in its deep and abiding night the lad attained manhood. There were no Sun, Moon, or stars and only one other living creature, the Great Octopus.

The sun was held down close above the slowly evolving earth by the Great Octopus, Tumu-rai-fenua, Foundation of Heaven and Earth, who lived in the primeval waters on which the earth floated. One of his arms was to the north, one to the south, one to the east and another to the west. With these vast arms he held the sky, the shell Rumia, close down against the earth.

Meanwhile on the earth itself various generations of rocks were born, one after the other; then sand appeared. Roots were born and as they spread they held the sand together and the land became firm.

Ta'aroa sat in his heaven above the earth and conjured forth gods with his words. When he shook off his red and yellow feathers they drifted down and became trees.

He created the first parents, Tumu-nui, Great Foundation, to be the husband, and Paparaharaha, Stratum Rock, to be the wife. He put the very essence of himself into their creation; yet when he commanded them to wed, each refused to go to the other. So Ta'aroa created other gods and Atea, Bright Expanse, the Sky-goddess, who dwelt in darkness in the confined sky Rumia.

By Papa-tuoi, Thin Earth, Atea was the mother of children who became artisans for Rai-tupua-nui, Great-Sky-builder. They assisted him in erecting the ten heavens above the earth. In the highest of these dwelt the god Tane, so it was called the Sky-of-the-sacred-omens of Tane and Sky-of-the-water-of-life of Tane. The next highest heaven was called Hiro's Sky-of-prophets.

Atea then became the wife of Rua-tupua-nui, Source of Great Growth, and they became the parents of all the celestial beings, first the shooting stars, then the Moon and the Sun, next the comets, then the multitude of stars and constellations, and finally the bright and dark nebulae.

When this tremendous task had been accomplished Atea took a third husband, Fa'a-hotu, Make Fruitful. Then occurred a curious event. Whether Atea had wearied of bringing forth offspring we are not told, but certain it is that Atea and her husband Fa'a-hotu exchanged sexes. Then the [male] eyes of Atea glanced down at those of his wife Hotu and they begat Ru. It was this Ru who explored the whole earth and divided it into north, south, east, and west." (Makemson)

I strikes me that Tagaroa ought to have taken on the form of Rumia, which would explain why he was formed like a canoe. Growing and crammed inside Rumia he would become like Rumia.

The second hyperlink, 'the 6th period in the calendar of E', leads to a series of five pages, first:

 

At ragi in this glyph dictionary the 6th period of the E calendar was defined as following after spring equinox (in period 5). It was also stated that period 6 was 'an overview' - implying an introduction in period 6 to the following periods (7-24), resembling the table of contents at the beginning of a book. This statement was, though, probably premature and not true, which we will be able to judge from what follows.

We begin by recapitulating how periods 5-6 were listed in the ragi 'chapter':

5

Eb3-1

Eb3-2

Eb3-3

Eb3-4

Eb3-5

Eb3-6

34

35

36

37

38

39

6

34 etc are ordinal numbers counted from the beginning of the calendar (Eb1-37).

Eb3-7

Eb3-8

Eb3-9

40

41

42

Eb3-10

Eb3-11

Eb3-12

Eb3-13

Eb3-14

Eb3-15

1

2

3

4

5

6

Eb3-11 is located at the beginning of summer.

Eb3-16

Eb3-17

Eb3-18

Eb3-19

7

8

9

10

Following the link 'the beginning of summer' a page commented upon the resemblance between Sb2-8

 

and the contents in period 6:

Sb2-8 contains at left vai and at right the same kind 'arm' as those at left and right of ragi:

Eb3-7

Eb3-8

Eb3-9

Eb3-10

Eb3-11

Eb3-12

40

41

42

1

2

3

In Gb3-25--26 yet another constellation with vai and the double 'arms' occur:

Gb3-24

Gb3-25

Gb3-26

We can see a relationship between period 6 in the E calendar and Sb2-8. It remains to be shown the further relationship between pure and two bent henua.

No comments, next page in the series:
 

Bent henua appear in Eb3-13 and Eb3-15 (an identical pair):

Eb3-10

Eb3-11

Eb3-12

1

2

3

Eb3-13

Eb3-14

Eb3-15

Eb3-16

4

5

6

7

Eb3-17

Eb3-18

Eb3-19

8

9

10

Possibly these bent henua are alluding to the myth about Tagaroa (sitting lonely in the shell Rumia in the dark beginning, shouting without anybody responding to his call). The body of Tagaroa was like the dome of the sky, boat-shaped like a hare paega, like one of the empty halves of a bivalve mollusc. The bent henua could depict the shape of Tagaroa.

The argument is obviously very weak, yet Metoro gives some strength to it by way of his words at Eb3-15:

Eb3-13 Eb3-14 Eb3-15 Eb3-16
kua tua te vaivai rima kua tuo te tino te rima - te kihikihi

This is the only time he used the word tuo in his readings for Bishop Jaussen. It means 'to cry out loudly', 'to cry with a loud voice', or 'to speak long without an answer', exactly what the lonely Tagaroa did. Indeed quite remarkable to have a special word for that!

It might be a coincidence of course. But Metoro also said tino, a word meaning 'body', 'tree trunk', 'keel of a boat' etc. I.e., kua tuo te tino ought to mean 'the body (possibly of Tagaroa) was crying out without anybody responding'.

To comment upon kua tua te vaivai and how that resembles kua tuo te tino is not necessary. The argumentation is complex already as it is:

To continue with the 'proof' of a connection between period 6 and Tagaroa we naturally have to explain the following glyphs too:

Eb3-17

Eb3-18

kua moe - kua reva te ika tama - reva ika

In Eb3-17 moe refers to the 'sleepy old bird' glyph type. Its meaning seems to be the opposite of the glyph type at left in Eb3-18 (tamaiti or tama for short). When somebody is 'finished' (euphemism for dead) somebody else will soon be ready to take his place. Death and birth are mutually necessary. The new life (re)appearing at birth is a baby, 'little child', tamaiti (iti = little).

At right in the two glyphs we see a string from which a fish (ika) is hanging down (reva). Probably the left glyph means 'fishing finished' - stop (for) fishing - and the right glyph 'fishing starts' (beginning - fishing). Once again the argumentation is weak, pure guesswork it may seem.

However, the month Tagaroa uri, at the beginning of the summer year, is characterized by, among other things, the opening of the fishing season - there has been a taboo against fishing, beginning in May, Vaitu poru, half a year previously and ruling through the whole winter - and it is now being lifted:

Tagaroa uri (October)

Cleaning up of the fields. Fishing is no longer taboo. Festival of thanksgiving (hakakio) and presents of fowl.

The glyphs Eb3-17--18 together are expressing exactly what Metoro said (kua moe, kua reva te ika followed by tama, reva ika), i.e., (as to the) fishing taboo - fishing begins again.

The creator of the E calendar seems, in his 6th period, to have written about Tagaroa uri. The imagined allusion from the bent henua in Eb3-15 to the 'shell boat' of Tagaroa, together with Metoro's choice of words, tuo and tino ('body shouting without any answer') are like pieces of a puzzle which fall into their right places, when the lifting of the fishing taboo in Tagaroa uri is added.

The festival of thanksgiving (hakakio) probably is a useful clue, but here at pure in the dictionary it would not add (I guess) anything of value. Instead let us look at the next page in the hyperlink series:

On Hawaii, north of the equator, Tagaroa (Kanaloa), has his domain in the west, a region towards which the celestial beings are moving. From being 'born' at the horizon in the east their 'lives' end at the horizon in the west, where they disappear. West is associated with evening and autumn, when the day respectively the summer are ending.

Kanaloa is in the south, Kane (Tane) in the north:

navigation stars

ke alanui polohiwa a Kane

the black-shining road of Tane

Tropic of Cancer

the fixed stars of the lands (na hokupaa a ka aina)

ke alanui a ke Ku'uku'u (ke alanui i ka Piko a Wakea)

the great road of the Spider (the way to the navel of the Sky-father)

Equator

ke alanui polohiwa a Kanaloa

the black-shining road of Tagaroa

Tropic of Capricorn

navigation stars

On Easter Island, south of the equator, it would not appear strange if Tagaroa had changed his characteristics. With Tagaroa originating in the sky, his rising in the east would happen in summer on Easter Island given that he rose in winter north of the equator.

North and south change places when the equator is passed. West and east remain. On Tahiti Tagaroa (Taa-oa) could remain in the west (evening, fall), as the March month (the autumn month corresponding to October south of the equator).

Changing from west to east, from autumn to spring, it became necessary with a new name, Tagaroa Uri.

The last page in the hyperlink series:

Tagaroa uri is the 4th month in the Easter Island calendar for the year. With the calendar in E having 24 periods, we can be fairly sure that the Keiti calendar has two periods for each month. The 4th month can therefore be expected to be covered by periods 8-9, not to be located in period 6.

This inconsistency cannot be ignored. Maybe the Keiti calendar does not begin with July (He Anakena)? Spring equinox probably is located in period 5, and therefore periods 4-5 ought to be coordinated with September (Hora nui):

4
Eb2-25 Eb2-26 Eb2-27
manu ragi rima manu ragi kiore henua
5
Eb3-1 Eb3-2 Eb3-3
koia ra te maitaki te henua
Eb3-4 Eb3-5 Eb3-6
ihe vage Rei oho mai kia iha ki te henua kiore

Possibly periods 1-3 are to be considered as belonging to the end of the previous calendar cycle, i.e., the calendar of E begins with the spring equinox month Hora nui.

Another alternative is that the preceding Hora iti is covered by a single period in the Keiti calendar - otherwise He Anakena would not have 2 periods. If this is true, then the (presumed) ancient model with only 10 months may have been transformed into a 12 month calendar by dividing an ancient Hora month into two parts, Hora iti and Hora nui, where iti ('little') got only half a month. Similarly Vaitu nui and Vaitu poru once may have been just one month, Vaitu (and Vaitu poru may have got only half a month).

With the suggested explanation another problem is, though, arriving: Why 24 periods if there are only 22 half-months in the calendar? The difference, 2 periods, can be motivated as being the same difference as between 26 and 24 in the kuhane stations - 2 extracalendrical stations. From Barthel 2 the following information can be coordinated:

1

Nga Kope Ririva Tutuu Vai A Te Taanga

9

Hua Reva

17

Pua Katiki

2

Te Pu Mahore

10

Akahanga

18

Maunga Teatea

3

Te Poko Uri

11

Hatinga Te Kohe

19

Mahatua

4

Te Manavai

12

Roto Iri Are

20

Taharoa

5

Te Kioe Uri

13

Tama

21

Hanga Hoonu

6

Te Piringa Aniva

14

One Tea

22

Rangi Meamea

7

Te Pei

15

Hanga Takaure

23

Peke Tau O Hiti

8

Te Pou

16

Poike

24

Mauga Hau Epa

(24/2) * 30 = 360

25

Oromanga

26

Hanga Moria One

residences of the current king at Anakena

27

Papa O Pea

28

Ahu Akapu

residences for the future and the abdicated kings

(28/2) * 30 = 420

Counting the glyphs in periods 1-2 in the Keiti calendar we reach 20 + 6 = 26, possibly a clue that there are 26 half-months in the calendar. Given that the calendar begins at new year with He Anakena, it would be suitable to set the number of glyphs in the first two periods equal to 26.

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