TRANSLATIONS
Now to the first of the two hyperlinks: 'in
the beginning there was no light'. We
recognize the story:
A well-known
Polynesian myth about the beginning of cosmos, when there was yet no
light, and where the very first being - Tagaroa - dwelt alone
in a shell, may have been in the mind of the creator of the K text:
"Long ago in the very beginning of time there dwelt
within a shell an infant god whose name was Ta'aroa. He was
Ta'aroa the unique one, the ancestor of all gods, the creator
of the universe whose natures were myriad, whose backbone was the
ridgepole of the world, whose ribs were its supporters. The shell
was called Rumia, Upset.
Becoming aware at last of his own existence and
oppressed by a yearning loneliness Ta'aroa broke open his
shell and, looking out, beheld the black limitless expanse of empty
space. Hopefully, he shouted, but no voice answered him. He was
alone in the vast cosmos. Within the broken Rumia he grew a
new shell to shut out the primeval void.
Eons passed and Ta'aroa grew to be a lad
conscious of his own vigor and potentialities. Impatience grew upon
him until he could bear his isolation no longer. He broke forth from
his shell with energy, resolved to create beings like himself who
would banish his loneliness forever.
Ta'aroa's first act was to construct a firm
foundation for the earth, using the strong second shell for stratum
rock. The shell Rumia became his dwelling place, the
overarching dome of the sky. It was a confined sky enclosing the
world just forming, and in its deep and abiding night the lad
attained manhood. There were no Sun, Moon, or stars and only one
other living creature, the Great Octopus.
The sun was held down close above the
slowly evolving earth by the Great Octopus, Tumu-rai-fenua,
Foundation of Heaven and Earth, who lived in the primeval waters on
which the earth floated. One of his arms was to the north, one to
the south, one to the east and another to the west. With these vast
arms he held the sky, the shell Rumia, close down against the
earth.
Meanwhile on the earth itself various
generations of rocks were born, one after the other; then sand
appeared. Roots were born and as they spread they held the sand
together and the land became firm.
Ta'aroa sat in his heaven above
the earth and conjured forth gods with his words. When he shook off
his red and yellow feathers they drifted down and became trees.
He created the first parents,
Tumu-nui, Great Foundation, to be the husband, and
Paparaharaha, Stratum Rock, to be the wife. He put the very
essence of himself into their creation; yet when he commanded them
to wed, each refused to go to the other. So Ta'aroa created
other gods and Atea, Bright Expanse, the Sky-goddess, who
dwelt in darkness in the confined sky Rumia.
By Papa-tuoi, Thin Earth, Atea
was the mother of children who became artisans for Rai-tupua-nui,
Great-Sky-builder. They assisted him in erecting the ten heavens
above the earth. In the highest of these dwelt the god Tane,
so it was called the Sky-of-the-sacred-omens of Tane and
Sky-of-the-water-of-life of Tane. The next highest heaven was
called Hiro's Sky-of-prophets.
Atea then became the wife of
Rua-tupua-nui, Source of Great Growth, and they became the
parents of all the celestial beings, first the shooting stars, then
the Moon and the Sun, next the comets, then the multitude of stars
and constellations, and finally the bright and dark nebulae.
When this tremendous task had been
accomplished Atea took a third husband, Fa'a-hotu,
Make Fruitful. Then occurred a curious event. Whether Atea
had wearied of bringing forth offspring we are not told, but certain
it is that Atea and her husband Fa'a-hotu exchanged
sexes. Then the [male] eyes of Atea glanced down at those of
his wife Hotu and they begat Ru. It was this Ru
who explored the whole earth and divided it into north, south, east,
and west." (Makemson) |
I strikes me that Tagaroa ought to
have taken on the form of Rumia,
which would explain why he was formed like a
canoe. Growing and crammed inside Rumia
he would become like Rumia.
The second hyperlink, 'the 6th period in the
calendar of E', leads to a series of five
pages, first:
At ragi in this glyph
dictionary the 6th period of the E
calendar was defined as following
after spring equinox (in period 5).
It was also stated that period 6 was
'an overview' - implying an
introduction in period 6 to the
following periods (7-24), resembling
the table of contents at the
beginning of a book. This statement
was, though, probably premature and
not true, which we will be able to
judge from what follows.
We begin by recapitulating how
periods 5-6 were listed in the
ragi 'chapter':
5 |
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Eb3-1 |
Eb3-2 |
Eb3-3 |
Eb3-4 |
Eb3-5 |
Eb3-6 |
34 |
35 |
36 |
37 |
38 |
39 |
6 |
|
|
|
34 etc are ordinal
numbers counted from the
beginning of the
calendar (Eb1-37). |
Eb3-7 |
Eb3-8 |
Eb3-9 |
40 |
41 |
42 |
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|
|
|
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|
Eb3-10 |
Eb3-11 |
Eb3-12 |
Eb3-13 |
Eb3-14 |
Eb3-15 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
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|
Eb3-11 is located at
the beginning of summer. |
Eb3-16 |
Eb3-17 |
Eb3-18 |
Eb3-19 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
Following the link 'the beginning
of summer' a page commented upon the resemblance
between Sb2-8
and the contents in period 6:
Sb2-8 contains at left
vai and at right
the same kind 'arm' as
those at left and right
of ragi:
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Eb3-7 |
Eb3-8 |
Eb3-9 |
Eb3-10 |
Eb3-11 |
Eb3-12 |
40 |
41 |
42 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
In Gb3-25--26 yet
another constellation
with vai and the
double 'arms' occur:
|
We can see a
relationship between period 6 in the E calendar and Sb2-8. It
remains to be shown the further relationship between pure and
two bent henua. |
No comments, next page in the series:
Bent henua appear in Eb3-13
and Eb3-15 (an identical pair):
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Eb3-10 |
Eb3-11 |
Eb3-12 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
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Eb3-13 |
Eb3-14 |
Eb3-15 |
Eb3-16 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
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|
Eb3-17 |
Eb3-18 |
Eb3-19 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
Possibly these bent henua are
alluding to the myth about
Tagaroa (sitting lonely in the
shell Rumia in the dark
beginning, shouting without anybody
responding to his call).
The
body of
Tagaroa
was like the dome of the sky,
boat-shaped like a hare
paega,
like one of the empty halves of a
bivalve mollusc. The bent
henua
could depict the shape of
Tagaroa.
The
argument is obviously very weak, yet
Metoro
gives some strength to it by way of
his words at Eb3-15:
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Eb3-13 |
Eb3-14 |
Eb3-15 |
Eb3-16 |
kua
tua te vaivai |
rima |
kua
tuo te
tino |
te
rima - te kihikihi |
This is the only time he used the
word
tuo in his readings for Bishop Jaussen. It means 'to cry out
loudly', 'to cry with a loud voice', or 'to speak long without an
answer', exactly what the lonely Tagaroa did. Indeed quite
remarkable to have a special word for that!
It might be a coincidence of course.
But Metoro also said tino, a word meaning 'body',
'tree trunk', 'keel of a boat' etc. I.e., kua tuo te tino
ought to mean 'the body (possibly of Tagaroa) was crying out
without anybody responding'. |
To
comment upon kua tua te vaivai and
how that resembles kua tuo te tino is
not necessary. The argumentation is complex
already as it is:
To continue with the 'proof' of a
connection between period 6 and Tagaroa we naturally have to
explain the following glyphs too:
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|
Eb3-17 |
Eb3-18 |
kua moe
- kua reva te ika |
tama
- reva ika |
In Eb3-17 moe refers to the
'sleepy old bird' glyph type. Its meaning
seems to be the opposite of the
glyph type at left in Eb3-18 (tamaiti or tama for
short). When somebody is 'finished' (euphemism for dead) somebody
else will soon be ready to take his place. Death and birth are
mutually necessary. The new life (re)appearing at birth is a baby,
'little child', tamaiti (iti = little).
At right in the two glyphs we see
a string from which a fish (ika) is hanging down (reva).
Probably the left glyph means 'fishing finished' - stop (for) fishing
- and the right glyph
'fishing starts' (beginning - fishing). Once again the argumentation is weak, pure
guesswork it may seem.
However, the month Tagaroa uri,
at the beginning of the summer year, is characterized by, among
other things, the opening of the fishing season - there has been a
taboo against fishing, beginning in May, Vaitu poru,
half a year previously and ruling through the whole winter - and it
is now being lifted:
Tagaroa uri
(October) |
Cleaning up
of the fields. Fishing is no
longer taboo. Festival of thanksgiving (hakakio)
and presents of fowl. |
The glyphs Eb3-17--18
together are expressing exactly what Metoro said (kua
moe, kua reva te ika followed by tama, reva ika),
i.e., (as to the) fishing taboo - fishing begins again.
The creator of the E calendar
seems, in his 6th period, to have written about Tagaroa uri. The imagined allusion from the bent henua in
Eb3-15 to the 'shell boat' of Tagaroa, together with
Metoro's choice of words, tuo and tino ('body
shouting without any answer') are like pieces of a puzzle which
fall into their right places, when the lifting of the fishing
taboo in Tagaroa uri is added.
|
The festival of thanksgiving (hakakio)
probably is a useful clue, but here at pure
in the dictionary it would not add (I guess)
anything of value. Instead let us look at
the next page in the hyperlink series:
On Hawaii, north of the equator,
Tagaroa (Kanaloa), has his domain in the west, a region
towards which the celestial beings are moving. From being 'born' at the
horizon in the east their 'lives' end at the horizon in the west,
where they disappear. West is associated with evening and
autumn, when the day respectively the summer are ending.
Kanaloa is in the south,
Kane (Tane) in the north:
navigation stars |
↔ |
ke alanui polohiwa a Kane |
the black-shining road of Tane |
Tropic of Cancer |
the fixed stars of the lands (na hokupaa a ka aina)
|
↔ |
ke alanui a ke Ku'uku'u (ke alanui i ka Piko a Wakea) |
the great road of the Spider (the way to the navel of
the Sky-father) |
Equator |
↔ |
ke alanui polohiwa a
Kanaloa |
the black-shining road of
Tagaroa |
Tropic of Capricorn |
navigation stars |
On Easter Island, south of the
equator, it would not appear strange if Tagaroa had changed
his characteristics. With Tagaroa originating in the sky, his rising in the east would happen in summer on Easter Island
given that he rose in winter north of the equator.
|
North and south change places when the
equator is passed. West and east remain. On
Tahiti Tagaroa (Taa-oa) could
remain in the west (evening, fall), as the
March month (the autumn month corresponding
to October south of the equator).
Changing from west to east, from autumn to
spring, it became necessary with a new name,
Tagaroa Uri.
The last page in the hyperlink series:
Tagaroa uri is the 4th month
in the Easter Island calendar for the year. With the calendar in E
having 24 periods, we can be fairly sure that the Keiti
calendar has two periods for each month. The 4th month can
therefore be expected to be covered by periods 8-9, not to be
located in period 6.
This inconsistency cannot be
ignored. Maybe the Keiti calendar does not begin with July
(He Anakena)? Spring equinox probably is located in period 5,
and therefore periods 4-5 ought to be coordinated with September (Hora
nui):
4 |
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Eb2-25 |
Eb2-26 |
Eb2-27 |
manu ragi rima |
manu ragi |
kiore henua |
5 |
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Eb3-1 |
Eb3-2 |
Eb3-3 |
koia ra |
te maitaki |
te henua |
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|
Eb3-4 |
Eb3-5 |
Eb3-6 |
ihe vage Rei |
oho mai kia iha |
ki te henua kiore |
Possibly periods 1-3 are to be
considered as belonging to the end of the previous calendar cycle,
i.e., the calendar of E begins with the spring equinox month
Hora nui.
Another alternative is that the
preceding Hora iti is covered by a single period in the
Keiti calendar - otherwise He Anakena would not have 2
periods. If this is true, then the (presumed) ancient model with
only 10 months may have been transformed into a 12 month calendar by
dividing an ancient Hora month into two parts, Hora iti
and Hora nui, where iti ('little') got only half a
month. Similarly Vaitu nui and Vaitu poru once may
have been just one month, Vaitu (and Vaitu poru may
have got only half a month).
With the suggested explanation another
problem is, though, arriving: Why 24 periods if there are only 22 half-months in
the calendar? The difference, 2 periods, can be motivated as being the
same difference as between 26 and 24 in the kuhane stations -
2 extracalendrical stations. From Barthel 2 the following
information can be coordinated:
1 |
Nga Kope Ririva Tutuu Vai A Te Taanga |
9 |
Hua Reva |
17 |
Pua Katiki |
2 |
Te Pu Mahore |
10 |
Akahanga |
18 |
Maunga Teatea |
3 |
Te Poko Uri |
11 |
Hatinga Te Kohe |
19 |
Mahatua |
4 |
Te Manavai |
12 |
Roto Iri Are |
20 |
Taharoa |
5 |
Te Kioe Uri |
13 |
Tama |
21 |
Hanga Hoonu |
6 |
Te Piringa Aniva |
14 |
One Tea |
22 |
Rangi Meamea |
7 |
Te Pei |
15 |
Hanga Takaure |
23 |
Peke Tau O Hiti |
8 |
Te Pou |
16 |
Poike |
24 |
Mauga Hau Epa |
(24/2) * 30 = 360 |
25 |
Oromanga |
26 |
Hanga Moria One |
residences of the current king at
Anakena
|
27 |
Papa O Pea |
28 |
Ahu Akapu |
residences for the future and the abdicated kings |
(28/2) * 30 = 420 |
Counting the glyphs in periods 1-2
in the Keiti calendar we reach 20 + 6 = 26, possibly a clue
that there are 26 half-months in the calendar. Given that the
calendar begins at new year with He Anakena, it would be
suitable to set the number of glyphs in the first two periods equal
to 26.
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No
more comments.
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