TRANSLATIONS

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The west coast of Easter Island is illuminated by the rising moon. The haú glyph type presumably illustrates how the left side of the moon is illuminated from behind by the sun.

The Polynesian islands are regarded as white at left and black at right, as if they were illuminated by the moon.

During the waning of the moon its light slowly diminishes, tapers of like the end at right in a haú glyph. The 'feathers' are not moon light but sun rays, because tapa mea glyphs obviously (by reason of their use in the day time calendars) show the sun rays at right :

(The little gap at bottom in this example may allude to the winter solstice at Vinapu.)

The kuhane journey reached its goal at the Anakena beach, because she was out looking for a landing place for the sun king to arrive later. Makoi went the other way, following the course of the moon, when naming (presumably) 59 locations. In the glyph dictionary (at honu) I have suggested that autumn equinox is where a new year begins:

... On Easter Island there is a story about how the explorers ignited a new fire at Haga Hônu on the north coast. According to the sacred geography of the island Haga Hônu lies at the beginning of autumn (fall). After sun has risen by way of the south coast up to Poike (maximum) he descends along the north coast.

Logically, if the old sun dies at autumn equinox it must also be the time for a new fire. The new year may therefore be regarded as beginning with autumn equinox ...

The royal child Tuu Maheke is born here.

The '2nd list of place names' can be arranged into 3 parts with ca 20 names in each, and the structure in the table below suggests a general outline agreeing with that in a haú glyph:

 

1-3 21 Roto Kahi 22 Papa kahi 21-23 1 Apina Iti 2 Hanga O Ua
2-4 23 Puna Atuki 24 Ehu 22-24 3 Hanga Roa 4 Okahu
3-5 25 26 23-25 5 Tahai 6 Ahu Akapu
4-6 27 Hakarava 28 Hanga Nui 24-26 7 Kihikihi Rau Mea 8 Renga Atini
5-7 29 Tongariki 30 Rano Raraku 25-27 9 Vai A Mei 10 Rua Angau
6-8 31 Oparingi 32 Motu Humu Koka 26-28 11 Roro Hau 12 Vai Poko
7-9 33 Hanga Maihiku 34 Maunga Toatoa 27-29 13 Hereke 14 Hatu Ngoio
8-10 35 Pipi Horeko 36 Hanga Tetenga 28-30 15 Ara Koreu 16 Hanga Kuokuo
9-11 37 Ahu Tutae 38 Oroi 29-31 17 Opata Roa 18 Vai Tara Kai Ua
10-12 39 Akahanga 40 Hua Reva 30-32 19 Hia Uka 20 Hanga Ohiro
11-13 41 42 Numbers at left indicate the order of the nights of the moon (as documented in Barthel 2).

The journey of Makoi does not begin at new moon but at the beginning of the last 3rd or the month.

12-14 43 44
13-15 45 46
14-16 47 48
15-17 49 Hanga Te Pau 50 Rano Kao
16-18 51 Mataveri O Uta 52 Mataveri O Tai
17-19 53 Vai Rapa 54 Vai Rutu Manu
18-20 55 Hivi 56 Puku Ohu Kahi
19-21 57 Hanga Piko 58 Ata Popohanga
20-22 59 Ata Ahiahi 60 Apina Nui

The long south coast representing 8 months in the kuhane journey is followed beyond Poike by the shorter (4 months) north coast. I have arranged the stations in the journey of Makoi in the table above in the same way: ⅔ comes first and then ⅓.

But are the place names in the Makoi list really also reflecting south + north coast? Checking in Barthel 2 and colouring according to West (black), South (green) and North (red), the results are:

 

1-3 21 Roto Kahi 22 Papa kahi 21-23 1 Apina Iti 2 Hanga O Ua
2-4 23 Puna Atuki 24 Ehu 22-24 3 Hanga Roa 4 Okahu
3-5 25-26 Maunga Teatea a Pua Katiki 23-25 5 Tahai 6 Ahu Akapu
4-6 27 Hakarava 28 Hanga Nui 24-26 7 Kihikihi Rau Mea 8 Renga Atini
5-7 29 Tongariki 30 Rano Raraku 25-27 9 Vai A Mei 10 Rua Angau
6-8 31 Oparingi 32 Motu Humu Koka 26-28 11 Roro Hau 12 Vai Poko
7-9 33 Hanga Maihiku 34 Maunga Toatoa 27-29 13 Hereke 14 Hatu Ngoio
8-10 35 Pipi Horeko 36 Hanga Tetenga 28-30 15 Ara Koreu 16 Hanga Kuokuo
9-11 37 Ahu Tutae 38 Oroi 29-31 17 Opata Roa 18 Vai Tara Kai Ua
10-12 39 Akahanga 40 Hua Reva 30-32 19 Hia Uka 20 Hanga Ohiro
11-13 41 Rua Hana 42 Puku Hotake 24 black-marked

10 red-marked

24 green-marked

2 blue

= 60

12-14 43 Teho 44 Vai Ngaere
13-15 45 Renga Havini 46 Hare Haka-ngaengae
14-16 47 Hanga O Maru 48 Maunga Marengo
15-17 49 Hanga Te Pau 50 Rano Kao
16-18 51 Mataveri O Uta 52 Mataveri O Tai Redmarked numbers indicate names with maunga (3) and rano (2):

25 Maunga Teatea

30 Rano Raraku

34 Maunga Toatoa

48 Maunga Marengo

50 Rano Kao

17-19 53 Vai Rapa 54 Vai Rutu Manu
18-20 55 Hivi 56 Puku Ohu Kahi
19-21 57 Hanga Piko 58 Ata Popohanga
20-22 59 Ata Ahiahi 60 Apina Nui

Here all sides of the island are accounted for. The journey starts (birth) on the west coast (black) and ends (death) there. 24 = 14 + 10. No maunga and no rano.

Beyond a possible waxing phase of the moon (1-14) follows the red north coast with 10 stations. 14 + 10 = 24. No maunga and no rano.

Station number 24 suggests 0, i.e. a final = new beginning. Ehu means ashes. The position of the station is, though, immediately before Poike, where the sun in his counterclockwise movement stands at his highest. The ashes in question should therefore refer to the final of sun's course along the southern coast.

Maunga Teatea and Pua Katiki together mark the eastern coast (blue). 1 maunga and 1 rano (though not in the place name). 14 + 10 + 2 = 26

The green south coast has an equal number of places as the black west coast. 26 + 24 = 50 (Rano Kao). 2 mauga and 2 rano.

Station 25 (at Poike) is halfway to Rano Kao (50). Then follows 10 black stations to reach 60, implying the end of the moon cycle. The beginning and the end of the moon cycle - the black stations - are 10 + 14 = 24. The 10 black stations beyond Orongo could allude to the red 10 (sun) on the north coast - where, mirrorwise, 14 + 10 = 24. Beyond Orongo the life of the sun king has ended.

The number of stations are 59 if we add together Maunga Teatea with Pua Katiki, which is what the text of Manuscript E suggests:

"ko maunga teatea a pua katiki

An important segment along the route of the 'first list of place names' is now pursued from the opposite direction. Surprisingly, each of the two mountains is given a place name and sometimes an additional name ..."  (Barthel 2)

The arrangement of colours in the table above makes one thing absolutely clear: It is only one moon cycle - not two which the number of stations (59) could make one believe. (Furthermore, Makoi went just one time alone around the island.)

59 / 2 = 29½ days is the cycle of the visible moon. Two stations are needed for one day, one for the night half and one for the sunlit half. We recognize the pattern in the glyph sequences: 2 are needed for one day.