TRANSLATIONS

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In Makemson I find inspiration:

"Whanui, Great Space, as Vega was known to the Maori, was a whetu-rangatira, 'a star of high rank', being exceeded in brightness only by Sirius and Canopus among the fixed stars. Seen rising on the northern horizon in March Vega governed the time of digging the valuable sweet potato crop and also provided suitable omens for a lean or fat season as the case might be.

A Maori sage explained the function of Vega as follows:

Another important star is Whanui, whose address to the people is, 'O friends! Here am I, Whaka-koro-ngata. Awake and rise! Seize your spades and to work! Store the crops in the pits; then turn to rejoicing and sing your chants of joy; for all women and children are now joyful. There is naught to disturb their happiness!'

The office of Vega in providing the sweet potato was explained by a curious story. In one version Vega was the father of the tuber while Pani-tinaku was the mother. Pani was the wife of Rongo-maui, a young relative of Whanui's. When Whanui refused to part with his sweet potato children and bestow them on mankind, Rongo-maui stole them away and transported them to earth. After that Whanui sent the boon of kumara to men each year, but he made them suffer for Rongo-maui's theft by afflicting them with three kinds of caterpillar which preyed on the sweet potato vines.

If Vega at rising appeared to move slowly it was a sign of tau kai, a fat season: if the star appeared to move quickly 'as though borne forward on the wind', there would ensue a season of scarcity.

During the ninth month, February-March, under the guidance of the star Altair - Poutu-te-rangi, Pillar-of-Heaven - pits were dug in readiness for storing the sweet potatoes which would be removed from the ground the moment Whanui made his appearance in the northeastern sky before dawn."

On Easter Island sweet potatoes were planted beginning in February (though also, it seems, in September):

 

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

He Anakena (July)

Tagaroa uri (October)

Tua haro (January)

Vaitu nui (April)

Same as the previous month.

Cleaning up of the fields. Fishing is no longer taboo. Festival of thanksgiving (hakakio) and presents of fowl.

Fishing. Because of the strong sun very little planting is done.

Planting of sweet potatoes.

Hora iti (August)

Ko Ruti (November)

Tehetu'upú (February)

Vaitu poru (May)

Planting of plants growing above the ground (i.e., bananas, sugarcane, and all types of trees). Good time to fish for eel along the shore.

Cleaning of the banana plantations, but only in the morning since the sun becomes too hot later in the day. Problems with drought. Good month for fishing and the construction of houses (because of the long days).

Like the previous month. Some sweet potatoes are planted where there are a lot of stones (pu).

Beginning of the cold season. No more planting. Fishing is taboo, except for some fishing along the beach. Harvesting of paper mulberry trees (mahute). Making of tapa capes (nua).

Hora nui (September)

Ko Koró (December)

Tarahao (March)

He Maro (June)

Planting of plants growing below the ground (i.e., sweet potatoes, yams, and taro). A fine spring month.

Because of the increasing heat, work ceases in the fields. Time for fishing, recreation, and festivities. The new houses are occupied (reason for the festivities). Like the previous month, a good time for surfing (ngaru) on the beach of Hangaroa O Tai.

Sweet potatoes are planted in the morning; fishing is done in the afternoon.

Because of the cold weather, nothing grows (tupu meme), and there is hardly any work done in the fields. Hens grow an abundance of feathers, which are used for the festivities. The time of the great festivities begins, also for the father-in-law (te ngongoro mo te hungavai). There is much singing (riu).

The explanation of Tehetu'upú as related to 'a lot of stones (pu)' suggested in Barthel 2 is interesting. I have instead imagined the month name to mean Te Hetu'u Pú = The Star Hole, i.e. the season when sun is making himself ready for going. He will of course return next year, but that is another 'generation'.

The main month for planting sweet potatoes is Vaitu nui. When sun goes 'into the earth' also the sweet potatoes should follow him down.

But Vaitu nui lies at the beginning of the journey of the kuhane (Nga Kope Ririva and Te Pu Mahore). This implies that the kuhane is landing around autumn equinox, when the sweet potatoes and the sun is going into the earth. The location of Vinapu further on (between Te Kioe Uri and Te Piringa Aniva) at winter solstice is in agreement. The year begins beyond autumn equinox in Vaitu nui.

The calendar starts, however, with He Anakena, and Anakena is at the other end of the kuhane journey. If autumn equinox lies before (or at the beginning of) Vaitu nui, then the end of summer must be at He Anakena.

The geography, furthermore, indicates Poike in the extreme east as the point where sun makes his turnaround from growing (following the southern coast in the same direction as the moon and the kuhane) to waning (going towards the west).

Although it is easy to draw the conclusion that we must go straight north from Vinapu to find the opposite of winter solstice it is wrong. We must move with the kuhane until we come to the end of the 1st half of the year = the end of the island in the east.

The south coast is longer than the north coast, which explains why there are 8 months from Nga Kope Ririva to Poike. The north coast has 4 months only.

 

SOUTH COAST NORTH COAST

Vaitu nui (April)

Ko Koró (December)

Nga Kope Ririva

Te Pu Mahore

Pua Katiki

Maunga Teatea

Vaitu poru (May)

Tua haro (January)

Te Poko Uri

Te Manavai

Mahatua

Taharoa

He Maro (June)

Tehetu'upú (February)

Te Kioe Uri

Te Piringa Aniva

Hanga Hoonu

Rangi Meamea

He Anakena (July)

Tarahao (March)

Te Pei

Te Pou

Peke Tau O Hiti

Maunga Hau Epa

The month He Anakena is 'geographically seen' close to Vinapu, only one month later according to the 'calendar' of the kuhane.

The beach Anakena, on the other hand, is on the north coast 'on the other side' of Maunga Hau Epa, 8 months later.

Anakena corresponds to the beginning of autumn, and He Anakena to the beginning of the new year.

The west coast is not included in this 12-month calendar.

Hora iti (August)

Hua Reva

Akahanga

Hora nui (September)

Hatinga Te Kohe

Roto Iri Are

Tagaroa uri (October)

Tama

One Tea

Ko Ruti (November)

Hanga Takaure

Poike