E:80

... Väinämöinen set about building a boat, but when it came to the prow and the stern, he found he needed three words in his rune that he did not know, however he sought for them ...

Hoa. 1. Master, owner; tagata hoa papaku, owner or relative of a dead; hoa manu, 'bird master', that is, he who received the first egg at the annual festivals in Orongo; he to'o mai e te hoa manu i te mamari ki toona rima, he ma'u, he hoko, the 'bird master' receives the egg in his hand and carries it, dancing. 2.Friend, companion: e ga hoa ê! 3. To cast away, to throw away, to abandon, perhaps also to expel. 4. To confess a sin; he hoa i te ta'u: term used of a category of rongorongo boards (see ta'u). Vanaga. 1. Friend; repa hoa, friend (male), comrade, companion, fellow; to confide; repa hoa titika, faithful friend; garu hoa, friend (either sex); uha hoa, friend (female); hoa kona, native T. 2. To abandon, to debark, to cast, to launch, to anchor, to let go, to give up, to reject, to repudiate, to suppress, to cut off, to jerk out, to proscribe, to reprove; hoahoa, to upset, to destroy. Churchill.

Aka. 1. Anchor: he-hoa te aka, to drop anchor. 2. Root of certain plants (banana tree, taro, sugar-cane). 3. To be paralyzed by surprise. Vanaga. 1. Root; aka totoro, to take root. P Pau., Mq.: aka, root. Ta.: aa, id. 2. (āka) anchor. 3. Causative (haka). Churchill.

Haho. Outside. Vanaga. Hahoa (ha causative, hoa) to cut, to wound, to hurt. PS Mgv.: tahoa, to make papyrus by beating. Sa.: foa, to chip, to break. To.: foa, to crack, to make an opening. Fu.: foa, to dig, the rent in a mat. Underlying the Nuclear Polynesian significations the primal sense seems to be that of a hole. The Rapanui, a causative, is a clear derivative in the cutting sense; wound and hurt are secondary withing this language. The Mangarevan composite means 'to beat until holes appear', which is a distinctive character of the beaten bast of the paper mulberry in the condition in which it is ready for employment in making tapa. Churchill.

E:81 → June 10

It was a girl named Ava Rei Pua Poki.

They replied [he hakahoki mai], 'A girl was born'. [penei e.tamahahine.i topa ai.]

The assistant of the king [ko titiro o te ariki] acted as midwife (?) for the pregnant woman (hanau tama is, in this case, more likely to mean mother of the child).

The child came down [he hakatopa] into the freshwater

... There is a couple residing in one place named Kui and Fakataka. After the couple stay together for a while Fakataka is pregnant. So they go away because they wish to go to another place - they go. The canoe goes and goes, the wind roars, the sea churns, the canoe sinks. Kui expires while Fakataka swims. Fakataka swims and swims, reaching another land. She goes there and stays on the upraised reef in the freshwater pools on the reef, and there delivers her child, a boy child. She gives him the name Taetagaloa. When the baby is born a golden plover flies over and alights upon the reef. (Kua fanau lā te pepe kae lele mai te tuli oi tū mai i te papa). And so the woman thus names various parts of the child beginning with the name 'the plover' (tuli): neck (tuliulu), elbow (tulilima), knee (tulivae).

E:82 → 2 * 41

Gatu. Gaatu, totora reed. Gatu: 1. To press, to tighten, to squeeze. 2. To pack tight. 3. To pull suddenly, to give a jerk. I ka hakarogo atu, ku eke á te kahi, he gatu mai, as soon as he felt the tuna be, he pulled in [the line] with a sharp jerk. 4. To kick. 5. E gatu te hagu, to wait for something impatiently (gatu, breath). 6. Shortly, very soon. He tu'u gatu, he is coming shortly, he is just about to arrive. Vanaga. Bulrush, reed. Gaatu (gatu) 1. To feel of, to pinch, to throttle with the hands, to touch, to press (gaatu); gatuga, pressure; gatugatu, to trample down. T Mgv.: natu, to press out linen, to squeeze a person or a sore place. Mq.: natu, to pinch. Ta.: natu, to pinch, to bruise. 2. To suppurate. 3. Gatu mai gatu atu, sodomy. Gatua (gatu 1), tractable, to press.  Churchill. Scirpus riparius var. paschalis. Barthel 2.

Hatu. 1. Clod of earth; cultivated land; arable land (oone hatu). 2. Compact mass of other substances: hatu matá, piece of obsidian. 3. Figuratively: manava hatu, said of persons who, in adversity, stay composed and in control of their behaviour and feelings. 4. To advise, to command. He hatu i te vanaga rivariva ki te kio o poki ki ruga ki te opata, they gave the refugees the good advice not to climb the precipice; he hatu i te vanaga rakerake, to give bad advice. 5. To collude, to unite for a purpose, to concur. Mo hatu o te tia o te nua, to agree on the price of a nua cape. 6. Result, favourable outcome of an enterprise. He ká i te umu mo te hatu o te aga, to light the earth oven for the successful outcome of an enterprise. Vanaga. 1. Haatu, hahatu, mahatu. To fold, to double, to plait, to braid; noho hatu, to sit crosslegged; hoe hatu, clasp knife; hatuhatu, to deform. 2. To recommend. Churchill. In the Polynesian dialects proper, we find Patu and Patu-patu, 'stone', in New Zealand; Fatu in Tahiti and Marquesas signifying 'Lord', 'Master', also 'Stone'; Haku in the Hawaiian means 'Lord', 'Master', while with the intensitive prefix Po it becomes Pohaku, 'a stone'. Fornander. 

... Then Hotu cut the bindings of those two canoes. His ship went along the south and his relation Tu'u ko iho went to the north, they both went round the land. When the king's ship came again and passed the headland Vai mahaki, Hotu matua saw the navigator's ship at Veronga. Tu'u ko iho was going to land at Anakena, to be the first chief to stand on this land ... (Barthel 2)

Tu. To crush into puree, like women of old did, crushing sweet potatoes and mixing them with cooked egg to give the children. Vanaga. To mix, to confound. Churchill.

Hira. To turn the eyes away, to leer. Hakahira; mata hakahira, squint-eyed. P Mq.: hiri, crosseyed. Ta.: hira, bashfulness; hihira, to look askance. To.: hila, to look askant. Churchill. Mgv..: hira, frank and hardy. Ta.: hirahira, bashful (sense-invert). Ma.: hihira, shy. Churchill.

E:83

āta.o te ariki.ka ea te āta.o te ariki.te huhu

te huhu kai rangi

The feathered staffs [te huhu] do not (yet) call [kai rangi].

Ata 1. Dawn, first light before sunrise; ku-hamu-á te ata , dawn has broken; ku-tehe-á te ata, it's already dawn (lit.: the lights have flown). 2. Particle inserted between the imperative prefix ka and the verb to signify 'well, carefully, intelligently': ka-ata-hakarivariva, prepare it well. Between the prefix e and kahara it expresses 'to make sure that, to take good care that...' : e-ata-kahara koe o oona, be careful not to get dirty; e-ata-kahara koe o kori te moa o te tahi pa, be sure not to steal chickens of another property. 3. More: iti, small; ata iti, smaller; he-ata-ata iti-iti ró, the smallest of all. Vanaga. Âta 1. Shadow: he-veveri te poki, ana tikea toona âta, the child is frightened at seeing his shadow; person's reflection (in mirror, in water): he âta oou-á, it's your own reflection. 2. To be frightened by a shadow: he-âta te îka, the fish are frightened (and they flee) by people's shadows. Vanaga. 1. Image, picture, portrait, design; to draw, to paint (shadow sense). P Mgv: ata, image, likeness, portrait, shadow of a human being, form, shape, appearance, imprint, impression. Mq.: ata, image, statue, portrait, shadow, surface; to design, to mark. Ta.: ata, shade, shadow appearance, form, representation of an object, cloud, cloudy. 2. Transparency, end of day, sunset (bright sense); e ata, red clouds; ku ata, transparent; ata mea, ata tea, ata tehe, dawn, daybreak, sunrise; ataata, end of day, sunset. P Mgv.: ata, morning or evening twilight, daybreak, dawn; ata haihai, evening twilight, a beautiful sunset; ataiai, twilight, clouds red with the sunset; atakurakura, a beautiful sunrise or sunset; atareureu, dawn, the first peep of day, morning twilight. Mq.: ata, to appear, to rise, to shine (of stars); ata uá, morning twilight; ataata, diaphanous, transparent. Ta.: ata, twilight. 3. A designation of space; ata hakahohonu, abyss; ata hakaneke mai, nearby, close at hand; ata tapa, lateral, marginal. 4 ? Ata kimikimi, to inquire; ata puo, to hill a plant; ata ui, to examine, to taste. Churchill. Atahenua (ata 3 - henua 1), landscape, countryside. Atakai: 1. Generous, hospitable, beneficent, indulgent, liberal, obliging; prodigality, indulgence; rima atakai, benevolent, generous, open-handed; gift, liberality. 2. Calm, unperturbed, grateful. Churchill. Ata-ta T, evening (? ataata). Atatehe (ata 2 - tehe 1), dawn; popohaga atatehe, morning, early in the morning. Churchill.

Although ata means dawn light the shadows (āta) need a source of light in order to appear.

Huru. Custom, tradition, behaviour, manners, situation, circumstances; poki huru hare, child who stays inside (to keep a fair complexion); te huru o te tagata rivariva, a fine person's behaviour; pehé te huru o Hiva? what is the situation on the mainland? Huruhuru, plumage, feathers (the short feathers, not the tail feathers), fleece of sheep. Vanaga. Samoa: sulu, a torch; to light by a torch; sulusulu, to carry a torch; susulu, to shine (used of the heavenly bodies and of fire). Futuna: susulu, the brightness of the moon. Tonga: huluaki, huluia, huluhulu, to light, to enlighten; fakahuhulu, to shine; iuhulu, a torch or flambeau, to light with a torch. Niuē: hulu, a torch; huhulu, to shine (as the moon). Maori: huru, the glow of the sun before rising, the glow of fire. Churchill 2.

AI, v. Haw., to eat; s. food, vegetable food, in distinction from ia, meat; ai-na, for ai-ana, eating, means of eating, fruits of the land; hence land, field, country. New Zeal., kai, to eat; kainga, food, meal, home, residence, country. Tong., kai, to eat. Sam., 'ai, to eat; ainga, family, kindred. Marqu., kaika, kainga, food, meal. Tagal., cain, to eat. Zend., gaya, life; gaetha, the world; gava, land, country. Vedic, gaya, house, family (A. Pictet). Sanskr., ghâsa, food; ghas, devour.Greek, αία, γαια, γη, different forms occurring in Homer, land, country, cultivated land; γειος, indigenous; γειτων, a neighbour; ήια, provisions for a journey. Goth., gawi, gauja, country, region. Germ., gau. Lat., ganea, eating-house; ganeo, glutton. Lith., goyas; Ant. Slav. and Russ., gai, 'past-rage', nemus. Polish, gay, id. Mr. A. Pictet, in his 'Les Origines Indo-Europ.', vol. II. p. 15, says that the Vedic and Zend gay 'n'ont surement aucun rapport avec le grec γαια.' This assertion evokes a doubt, inasmuch as, as late as in Homer's time, two other dialectical variations of this word existed in the Greek, viz. αία and δα or δη, in δη-μητηρ, contracted from some ancient form in δαια, as γη and γα, from γαια. As neither of these can be supposed to be derived from, or to be a phonetic corruption of, the other, it seems to me that they must have come down abreast from primeval times, thus indicating that the original root was differently pronounced by various sections of the still united Aryan stock; and I believe that this root, in its archaic forms, still survives in the Polynesian ai and kai, to eat. The Sanskrit go, land, the earth, from which Benfey derives a hypthetical gavyd and a Greek γαfια - by elimination γαια - is probably itself a contraction from the Vedic and Zend gaya, as the Greek γη and γα, as the ancient Saxon gâ and gô, pagus, regio, and the ancient Slav. gai, nemus, are contractions from derivations of that ancient root still found in Polynesia. The above derivatives in sound and sense certainly refer themselves better to some ancient ai of kai, food, the fruits of the forest or the roots of the field, than to the Sanskrit go, bull, cow, cattle; for the Aryan family undoubtedly had one or more names for eating and for food before its various divisions applied themselves to the herding of cattle. The Sanskrit ghas, ghâsa, the Latin ganea, ganeo, point strongly to the underlying original sense of eating and food. According to Professor A. H. Sayce, in 'Introduction to the Science of Language', vol ii. p. 19, it is probable that the Latin edere, to eat, is a compound word = e-dere, like ab-dere, con-dere, cre-dere, and others, thus leaving e as the root. How far that e may have been a dialectical variant or a phonetic decay of an older form more nearly allied to the Polynesian ai, kai, I leave to abler philologists to determine. (Fornander)

toou e te ariki e.ata tea toou e te ariki.ē.

One has been invested who rises and does not (yet) call.

One has been invested with supernatural powers who does not (yet) call.

The red shadow be yours, oh king!

The white shadows be yours, oh king!

Ê, yes. E ... é disjunct vocative marker. E vovo é! Girl! E te matu'a é! Father! (Vanaga) 1. By. 2. And. 3. Oh! 4. Yes. 5. Verb sign. 6. Negative verb sign; e maaa, inexperienced; ina e, negative sign; ina e rakerakega, innocent; ina e ko mou, incessant; e ko, not, except. 7. Wave. 8. Weak demonstrative, functioning as article. (Churchill)

Ea. To rise, to get up. Ka ea ki táû rikiriki tâtou. Let's get up and play a little game of war. Vanaga. To go out, to bring out; ea ki aho, to send away; raa ea mai, the sun rises; ka ea, be off. Churchill.

A. 1. Prep.: for, over, by; a nei, over here; a ruga, above; a te tapa, by the side. 2. Genitive particle, used preceding proper names and singular personal pronouns: te poki a Mateo, Mateo's child; aana te kai, the food is his. 3. Particle often used before nouns and pronouns, especially when these are introduced by a preposition such as i, ki; ki a îa, to him, for him. Vanaga. Á. 1. Á or also just a, article often used preceding proper names and used in the meaning of 'son of...': Hei á Paega, Hei, son of Paenga. 2. Very common abbreviation of the particle ana, used following verbs: ku-oti-á = ku-oti-ana; peira-á = peira-ana. 3. (Also á-á.) Exclamation expressing surprise or joy, which can also be used as a verb: he-aha-koe, e-á-ana? what's happening with you, that you should exclaim 'ah'? He tu'u au e-tahi raá ki te hare o Eva i Puapae. I-ûi-mai-era ki a au, he-á-á-mai, he-tagi-mai 'ka-ohomai, e repa ê'. one day I came to Eva's house in Puapae. Upon seeing me she exclaimed: 'ah, ah' and she said, crying: 'Welcome, lad'. Vanaga.

Aa. To be flooded; flood, deluge: ku-a'a-á te hare i te vai, the house is flooded with water; ku-rere-á te a'a o te henua, water flowed, inundating the land. Vanaga.

Four lines of Easter Island script plus the name Vaka.a Tea hiva:

= segments from Br1, Br2, Br3, and Br4 (The Eighth Land, p. 290.)

Vaka A Para (corrected for 'Bara') tied the umbilical cord of Tuu Maheke.

He finished the tying [he oti te hahau], turned around [he hoki], and went [he oho] to tie the umbilical cord of Ava Rei Pua Poki. He arrived, tied (the umbilical cord), and finished (his activity).

Para. 1. Spleen. 2. Ripe; to ripen: maîka para, ripe bananas; para rautí said of ripe bananas the peel of which has stayed green. 3. To start rotting (of wood and other materials): ku-para-á te miro, the wood has rotted. 4. A moss found in abundance in the watery bottom of Rano Kau, which has very long roots laden with water. Fishermen used to take quantities of them, wrapped in banana leaves, to alleviate their thirst. Vanaga. 1. A short club T. Mq.: parahua, a paddle-shaped club. 2. To become bad, to soften, to decay, to rot, to ripen, old, used up.; niho para, decayed teeth; para rakerake, overripe; tae para, unripe. Hakapara, to mellow. P Mgv.: para, ripe, mature; akapara, to ripen, to improve morally. Mq.: paá, ripe, soft, overripe, rotten, old, used up. Ta.: para, ripe. 3. Spleen. Churchill.

Vara. Varahorohoro (vara - horohoro 1), appetite. Varavara: 1. not compact, thinly sown, loose, sparse, to have spaces, scattered, rarity, a Bible verse; avai varavara, to go singly; varavara no, sometimes; hakavaravara, thinly sown, spaced. PS Pau.: varavara, scattered, dispersed. Mgv.: varavara, thin, lightly scattered. Ta.: varavara, sparse, thinly sown, rare. Sa.: valavala, wide apart, coarse. 2. Thick (a sense-invert). Churchill. Pau.: Hakavaravara, to brighten. Mgv.: varavara, clear to view. Ta.: varavara, transparent. Churchill.

E:84 → Julian spring equinox ↔ Equinox at Antares

... Antares, visible in the morning sky of December-January, came to stand for summer heat; hence the saying, 'Rehua cooks (ripens) all fruit'. The generally accepted version of the Rehua myth, according to Best, is that Rehua had two wives, the stars on either side of Antares. One was Ruhi-te-rangi or Pekehawani, the personification of summer languor (ruhi), the other Whaka-onge-kai, She-who-makes-food-scarce before the new crops can be harvested ...

... He cleared the trunks of their branches and bark, hewed them into shape, and with strong fau ropes he and his men drew them down the valley over cliffs and ravines, seeming to feel it merely light work. Thus King Puna was robbed of his fine aha-tea tree, his mara-uri tree, a toi (Alphitonia) tree, and a hauou (pua, Fagraea) tree; and Hiro spared not the trees sacred to the gods around the marae. He cut down a great tamanu (Callophylum), stripped the trunk of its branches and bark, split it up for planks for the bows of his canoe, and trimmed the branches for outriggers and crossbeams. He cut down a most sacred miro (Thespesia) tree for planks for the after part of his canoe, and he took two tall straight breadfruit trees for planks for the deck houses. Then he went into the woods and cut down straight fau trees (Hibiscus tiliaceus) for paddles and for floor planks, and three slim hutu (Barringtonia) trees for masts. After all this depredation, Hiro and his men helped themselves to wood and thatch and reeds and all other material needed for a shed in which to build the canoe and for rollers to place under it, King Puna not daring to oppose them, as Hiro was too powerful and dangerous to vex ...

KOI, v. Haw., to flow, rush, like water over a dam; koi-ei-ei, a rapid current; koi-ele, to overflow. N. Zeal., toi, to dip in water, to duck.Iaw., toya, water. Sanskr., toya, water. Apparently there is no etymon for this word in Sanskrit or Vedic, for Benfey suggests that it derives 'perhaps from tu.' But the primary, at least the Vedic, meaning of tu is 'to be all-powerful'. Taking the New Zealand term as the best-preserved among the Polynesian dialects, it certainly offers a better etymon to the Sanskrit toya than the Vedic tu. (Fornander)

... the progeny of Tu increased: [1] Rongo, Tane, Tangaroa, Rongomai, Kahukura, Tiki, Uru, Ngangana, Io, Iorangi, Waiorangi, Tahu, Moko, Maroro, Wakehau, Tiki,  [17] Toi, Rauru, Whatonga - these were the sons ...

Ta.: toi, axe. Churchill.

Tiri. Mgv.: To throw away, to reject, to neglect. Ta.: tiri, to cast a small net. Mq.: tii, titii, to throw away, to abandon, to reject. Sa.: tili, a small net and its cast. Ma.: tiri, to throw one by one. Titiri, to abandon, to abjure; rima titiri, to walk with the hands behind the back. T Pau.: titiri, to abandon, to leave, to abjure, to deny. Mgv.: tiri, to throw away, to reject, to neglect, to lose. Mq.: tií, titií, to throw away, to reject, to abandond, to leave behind. Ta.: titiri, to reject, to throw away. Churchill.

He mate te matu'a he ato tepoki i te rîu o toona matu'a; he-ariga ora o toona matu'a [when] the father dies, [and] the son sings a riu for his father, this constitutes an ariga ora of his father. Vanaga.

Everyone took his share of the plants that had been brought along.

Ura, lobster. Ûra, flame, blaze (ûra ahi), to become furious (with manava as subject: ku-ûra-á te manava). Úraúra, bright red. Vanaga. 1. Crayfish, lobster, prawn. P Mgv.: ura, crayfish. Mq.: uá, lobster. Ta.: oura, crayfish, lobster. 2. Fire, burning, to be in flames; uraga, combustion, flame, torch; hakaura, to cause to glow, to kindle, to light. P Mgv., Ta.: ura, a flame, to burn. Mq: uá, id. Uraga, burden, load, weight. Uraura, vermilion, scarlet. P Pau.: kurakura, red. Mgv.: uraura, an inflamed countenance. Mq.: uáuá, red, ruddy. Ta.: uraura, red. Churchill.

Kura. 1. Also: poukura, the short, thin, multicoloured feathers of chickens and other birds. 2. The best of something, choice. Vanaga. Tutui kura, shawl. Kurakura, fair, light. Hakakurakura, to make to blush. P Pau.: kurakura, red, violet. Mgv.: kurakura, red, yellow, scarlet. Mq.: uáuá, red, ruddy. Ta.: uraura, red. Churchill.

Uá. Ata uá, morning twilight. Uáuá, to reside; resident; noho uáuá to settle somewhere; ina koe ekó noho uáuá, do not establish yourself there. Vanaga.