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A
Maori saying:
he iti toki, e
rite ana ki te
tangata =
though the adze
be small, yet
does it equal a
man.
(Starzecka) |
Rite
Hakarite,
color,
species,
class, mode,
equality,
condition,
manner,
proportion,
sort,
figure;
even,
regular; to
align, to
assimilate,
to simulate,
to compare,
to be equal,
to imitate;
tae
hakarite,
unequal,
unfair,
inequality,
irregular;
hakarite
koe,
unequal,
unfair,
incomparable;
hakarite
ke,
difference,
diversity,
unequal,
singular,
variety,
extraordinary,
fantastic;
e tahi
hakarite,
thus, so,
as, as much,
as many,
equal,
uniform, to
resemble, to
look like;
ariga
hakarite,
to look
like;
niho
hakarite,
regular
teeth.
Hakaritega,
comparison,
agreement,
parallel,
likeness,
similitude.
T Ma.:
rite,
like. Ha.:
like,
id. Raro.:
arite,
alike,
resembling.
Churchill. |
|
|
|
|
|
Ga1-30 |
Ga2-1 |
Ga2-2 |
Ga2-3 |
Ga2-4 |
Furud
(94.9) |
Well-22 |
no star
listed
(96) |
β
Monocerotis,
ν Gemini
(97.0) |
no star
listed
(98) |
δ
Columbae
(95.2),
TEJAT
POSTERIOR,
Mirzam
(95.4),
CANOPUS
(95.6),
ε
Monocerotis
(95.7),
ψ1
Aurigae
(95.9) |
June 23 |
ST
JOHN'S
EVE |
25 |
26 (177) |
27 |
ºJune 19 |
20 (*91) |
SOLSTICE |
22 |
23 |
'May 27 |
28 (*68) |
29 |
30 (*70) |
31 |
'Vaitu
Potu 27 |
28 (148) |
29 |
30 (150) |
31 |
"May 13 |
14 (*54) |
15 (*55) |
16 (136) |
17 |
Purva
Ashadha-20 |
Kaus
Borealis
(279.3) |
ν
Pavonis
(280.4),
κ Cor.
Austr.
(280.9) |
Abhijit-22 |
KAUS
MEDIUS,
κ Lyrae
(277.5),
Tung Hae
(277.7) |
KAUS
AUSTRALIS
(278.3),
ξ
Pavonis
(278.4),
Al
Athfar
(278.6) |
θ Cor.
Austr.
(281.0),
VEGA
(281.8) |
December
23 (357) |
CHRISTMAS
EVE |
25 |
26 (360) |
27 |
ºDec 19
(*273) |
20 |
SOLSTICE |
22 |
23 (357) |
'Novembe
26
(*250) |
27 |
28 |
29 |
30
(*254) |
'Ko Ruti
26 |
27 |
28 |
29 (333) |
30 |
"Novembe
12
(*236) |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 (320) |
Toki
Small
basalt
axe.
Vanaga.
Stone
adze.
Van
Tilburg.
Ha'amoe
ra'a
toki
=
'Put
the
adze
to
sleep'
(i.e.
hide
it
in
the
temple
during
the
night).
Barthel.
Month
of
the
ancient
Rapanui
calendar.
Fedorova
according
to
Fischer.
To'i.
T.
Stone
adze
(e
to'i
purepure
=
with
the
wounderful
adze).
Henry.
The
Araukan
Indians
in
the
coastal
area
of
northern
Chile,
have
customs
similar
to
those
on
the
Marquesas
and
in
both
areas
toki
means
adze
according
to
José
Imbelloni.
The
Araukans
also
called
their
chief
of
war
toki
and
the
ceremonial
adze
symbolized
his
function
and
was
exhibited
at
the
outbreak
of
war.
In
Polynesia
Toki
was
the
name
of a
chief
elevated
by
the
Gods
and
his
sign
was
the
blade
of a
toki.
Fraser.
Axe,
stone
hatchet,
stone
tool
...;
maea
toki,
hard
slates,
black,
red,
and
gray,
used
for
axes
T. P
Pau.:
toki,
to
strike,
the
edge
of
tools,
an
iron
hatchet.
Mgv.:
toki,
an
adze.
Mq.:
toki,
axe,
hatchet.
Ta.:
toi,
axe.
Churchill. |
The
pan-Polynesian
elbow
adze,
with
its
variety
of
tanged
and
rectangular
stone
blades,
is
the
cornerstone
of
Polynesian
culture
and
yet
the
most
controversial
of
the
culture
traits.
H.
O.
Beyer
was
the
first
to
note
in
1948
that
tanged
and
rectangular
adz
blades
similar
to
those
of
Polynesia
were
known
in
very
early
archaeological
periods
in
the
northern
Philippines,
but
nowhere
else
in
Indonesia.
He
shows,
however,
that
these
tanged
adz
types
were
used
in
that
area
between
1750
and
1250
B.C.
The
problem
again
arises
as
to
how
they
could
have
reached
Polynesia.
R.
Duff
in
various
lectures
has
extended
this
distribution
back
to
continental
Southeast
Asia,
but
this
brings
us
no
nearer
to
Polynesia.
Tanged
adzes
are
unknown
throughout
Melanesia,
where
the
blade
cross
section
is
even
uniformly
cylindrical.
Heine-Geldern,
looking
in
vain
for
a
local
passage,
admits
that
the
tanged
and
rectangular
adz
could
not
have
passed
that
way
because
of
'the
radical
difference
in
Polynesian
and
Melanesian
blade
forms'.
Buck,
likewise
looking
in
vain
for
a
passage,
concluded
that
the
Polynesian
adz
forms
could
not
have
passed
the
Micronesian
way
for
the
simple
reason
that
no
stone
existed
on
those
atolls,
thus
the
Micronesians
were
obliged
to
make
their
cutting
tools
from
shell.
He
pointed
out
that
the
Polynesian
adz
forms
could
not
have
derived
from
Southeast
Asia
at
all
since
the
lack
of
raw
material
in
the
4,000-mile-wide
Micronesian
area
created
a
vast
gap,
forcing
the
Polynesians
to
invent
their
own
adz
forms
independently
upon
reaching
their
volcanic
islands
in
the
East
Pacific.
We
have
seen
...
however,
that
there
is
another
and
fully
feasible
sea
route
from
Southeast
Asia
to
Polynesia,
the
only
one
found
possible
by
early
European
sailing
ships.
This
route
entirely
avoids
the
Micronesian-Melanesian
buffer
territory
and
travels
from
the
Philippine
Sea
with
the
Japan
Current
and
westerly
winds
to
the
island-studded
coast
of
Nortwest
America,
where
all
the
elements
turn
around
and
bear
directly
down
upon
Hawaii.
Once
we
substitute
this
northern
island
area
for
Mirconesia
or
Melanesia
as
roadside
stations
for
Asiatic
voyagers
to
the
East
Pacific,
we
immediately
find
steppingstones
also
for
the
tanged
rectangular
adz:
it
was
the
principal
tool
of
the
local
Nortwest-Coast
Indians
right
up
to
the
arrival
of
Europeans.
Captain
Cook
was
the
first
to
point
out
that
the
people
of
the
Northwest
American
Coast
used
adzes
similar
to
those
of
Tahiti
and
other
Polynesian
islands,
and
Captain
Dixon,
after
Cook,
noted
that
the
adz
of
these
coastal
Indians
'was
a
toe
made
of
jasper,
the
same
as
those
used
by
the
New
Zealanders'.
Captain
A.
Jacobsen
stressed:
'Also
the
adz-handle
and
the
method
of
securing
the
blade
to
the
wooden
handle
are
exactly
the
same
among
the
Polynesian
people
as
among
the
Northwest
Indians.
Twentieth-century
anthropologists
have
confirmed
these
early
observations.
W.
H.
Holmes
emphasized
that
the
tanged
rectangular
adzes
of
the
Northwest
Coast
Indians
resemble
the
adzes
of
the
Pacific
islands
more
closely
than
they
do
the
corresponding
tools
of
other
American
tribes,
and
R.
L.
Olson
wrote
in
his
study
of
the
Northwest
Coast
elbow-adz:
'Its
occurence
in
Polynesia
in a
form
almost
indentical
with
the
elbow
adz
of
America
suggests
a
hoary
age
and
extra-American
origin'.
It
is
accordingly
possible
that
the
tanged,
rectangular
adz,
belonging
only
to a
very
early
period
in
Asia
and
the
northern
Philippines,
spread
to
Polynesia
during
a
much
later
period,
following
the
natural
sea
passage
by
way
of
Northwest
America.
(Thor
Heyerdahl,
Early
Man
and
the
Ocean.) |
|