4. In Flamsteed's representation of Ursa Minor the extraordinary long tail of the little bear ends at Polaris:

One is reminded of the similarly unnatural tail of the ewe in his picture of Aries:

Female bears are smaller than the male ones, and therefore Ursa Major should be male and Ursa Minor female:

"... Bears are generally bulky and robust animals with relatively short legs. Bears are sexually dimorphic with regard to size, with the males being larger ..." (Wikipedia)

Thus there is reason to consider both α Ursa Minoris (Polaris) and γ Arietis (Mesarthim) as females:

Indeed, most of the signs do point at a female nature for the stars and the glyphs in the 2nd right ascension hour. Bear cubs and lambs are born in early spring.

The right foot of King Cepheus is touching Ursa Minor from behind, and presumably the significance of this gesture is a parallel to how the right wing of the Fly is touching the back of the Sheep (cfr at Mesarthim):

Or touching the tropic of Cancer: