The precessional cycle was presumably in ancient times regarded as 26000 years, which means the current return to visibility of heliacal Betelgeuze in July 3 (184) - half a year away from January 3 (368) - would at the very ancient time of the mammoth bone instead have been around (35000 - 26000) / 26000 *365.25 = 126 days earlier.

BETELGEUZE (THE MOIST ONE)
Jan 29	138	June 17 (184 - 16)	41	July 29 (210)	183
Culmination		Heliacal		Full Moon

184 - 126 = 58 (February 27). But this is only a very rough estimate in order to secure the general location in Mammoth times of heliacal Betelgeuze. It should have been in the early northern spring and the estimates given by the archeologists were probably influenced by calculations such as these:

32,000 bp	35,000 bp	38,000 bp
184 - 84	184 - 126	184 - 169
April 10 (100)	Febr 27 (58)	Jan 15

A good alternative to February 27 is April 10 (*20), because it gives an easy rule of thumb for calculating dates at the time of the Bull: E.g. would the stars which currently were rising with the Sun in April 10 have risen back to visibility in right ascension day *20 + *64 + *16 = *100. Which means we can immediately translate April 10 (100) into day 100 + 80 = *100 (JULY 29) - which also 'happens to be' a place in the sky half a year away from the current culmination (at 21) of Betelgeuze.

And then we should also consider the place of Rigel:

... In view of the almost universal prevalence of the Pleiades year throughout the Polynesian area it is surprising to find that in the South Island and certain parts of the North Island of New Zealand and in the neighboring Chatham Islands, the year began with the new Moon after the yearly morning rising, not of the Pleiades, but of the star Rigel in Orion ...

Rigel (*78) was rising in June 7 (158) and this was 10 days earlier than Betelgeuze (*88).

32,000 bp	35,000 bp	38,000 bp
174 - 84	174 - 126	174 - 169
March 31 (90)	Febr 17 (48)	Jan 5 (370)

At the time of the Golden Age of the Bull the place of heliacal Rigel had been in June 7 (158) - 64 = 94 (APRIL 4) = 10 days after the Julian equinox in MARCH 25 (84). But then we should add 16 days to reach visibility: APRIL 4 + 16 = APRIL 20 (110). In my tables this last correction has not been illustrated. Instead I have always tried to keep to a strict method by which the stars are correlated with the right ascension dates at my assumed epoch for rongorongo.

Therefore we can find heliacal Rigel 10 glyphs earlier in the rongorongo texts than heliacal Betelgeuze, for instance:

tagata tuu rima ki ruga	te maitaki	te henua	Rei hata ia	tagata rogo
Tagata.Man; human being in general; the plural is gagata. Vanaga. Man, mankind; tagata ke, some one else; tagata no, nation. P Pau.: tagata, man. Mgv.: tagata, man or woman. Mq.: enata, enana, kenana, man. Ta.: taata, id. Tagataa, incarnate. Tagatahaga, human, humanity. Churchill. Rogo. Rogorogo: Originally, 'orators, bards' of Mangareva. Borrowed into the Rapanui language in 1871, it came to generically signify the wooden tablets incised with glyphs, the writing system itself, and the respective inscriptions. Earlier the term ta was used for the writings. Fischer. Mgv.: rogouru, ten. Mq.: onohuu, okohuu, id. Churchill.

Ca3-21 → March 21	Ca3-22 (73)	Ca3-23	Ca3-24	Ca3-25 → March 25
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:
π4 Orionis (72.1), ο¹ Orionis (72.4), π5 Orionis (72.8) 31.0 = 72.4 - *41.4	π¹ Orionis (73.0), ο² Orionis (73.4), HASSALEH = ι Aurigae (73.6), π6 Orionis (73.9) 32.0 = 73.4 - *41.4	ALMAAZ (The Male Goat) = ε Aurigae (74.7), HAEDUS I = ζ Aurigae (74.8)	HAEDUS II = η Aurigae (75.9)	*5h (76.1)** ε Leporis (76.0), CURSA (Footstool) = β Eridani (76.4), λ Eridani (76.7) 35.0 = 76.4 - *41.4
June 1 (152)	2 (336 - 183 = 153)	3	4	5
"April 21 (111)	22	23	24	25 → 4-25

CLOSE TO THE SUN:
Dec 1	2 (336)	3	4	5
ºNov 27	28 (332 = 322 + 10)	29	30	ºDec 1 (335)
ι Ophiuchi (255.3), GRAFIAS = ζ Scorpii (255.4) 214.0 = 255.4 - *41.4	κ Ophiuchi (256.2), ζ Arae (256.5), ε Arae (256.8), CUJAM (Club) = ε Herculi (256.9)	No star listed (257)	*17h (258.7) ARRAKIS = μ Draconis (258.7)**	*Mula-19 (The Root)* SABIK (The Preceding One) = η Ophiuchi (259.7), η Scorpii (259.9)

kua tupu te rakau	kua tupu - te kihikihi	te hau tea
Kihi. Kihikihi, lichen; also: grey, greenish grey, ashen. Vanaga. Kihikihi, lichen T, stone T. Churchill. The Hawaiian day was divided in three general parts, like that of the early Greeks and Latins, - morning, noon, and afternoon - Kakahi-aka, breaking the shadows, scil. of night; Awakea, for Ao-akea, the plain full day; and Auina-la, the decline of the day. The lapse of the night, however, was noted by five stations, if I may say so, and four intervals of time, viz.: (1.) Kihi, at 6 P.M., or about sunset; (2.) Pili, between sunset and midnight; (3) Kau, indicating midnight; (4.) Pilipuka, between midnight and surise, or about 3 A.M.; (5.) Kihipuka, corresponding to sunrise, or about 6 A.M. ... (Fornander)

Ca4-1 (77)	Ca4-2	Ca4-3
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:
μ Aurigae, μ Leporis (77.6)	ĸ Leporis (78.0), RIGEL (Foot) = β Orionis (78.1), Flaming Star = IC405 (78.2), CAPELLA = α Aurigae (78.4), ο Columbae, τ Orionis (78.8) 37.0 = 78.4 - 41.4 ~~THUBAN (α Draconis)~~*	λ Aurigae (79.0), λ Leporis (79.6), ρ Aurigae (79.7) ~~ARCTURUS (α Bootis)~~
CLOSE TO THE SUN:
NODUS I = ζ Draconis (260.0), π Herculis (260.7), RAS ALGETHI = α Herculis (260.8)	SARIN = δ Herculis (261.0), ο Ophiuchi (261.4) 220.0 = 261.4 - 41.4 ~~ALRISHA (α Piscium)~~*	ξ Ophiuchi (262.2), θ Ophiuchi, ν Serpentis, ζ, ι Apodis (262.4), ι Arae (262.8), ρ Herculis (262.9) 221.0 = 262.4 - *41.4

tagata - te rau hei	te hokohuki i te moko	te rau hei	e gagata hakaariki	manu	te rau hei
Rau hei. 1. Branch of mimosa. 2. Killed enemy. 3. Hanged 'fish'. 'Branche du mimosa (signe de mort), ennemie túe (poisson suspendu)' according to Jaussen. Barthel. ... The Sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica L.) is a creeping annual or perennial herb often grown for its curiosity value: the compound leaves fold inward and droop when touched, re-opening within minutes. Mimosa pudica is native to Brazil, but is now a pantropical weed. Other names given to this curious plant are Humble plant, TickleMe plant, Shame plant, Sleeping Grass, Prayer plant, Touch-me-not, Makahiya (Philippines, meaning 'shy'), Mori Vivi (West Indies), mate-loi (false death) (Tonga) ... In the evening the leaflets will fold together and the whole leaf droops downward. It then re-opens at sunrise ... Mimosa (*192) is a name for β Crucis.

Ca4-4	Ca4-5	Ca4-6	Ca4-7 (83)	Ca4-8	Ca4-9

CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:
Shur-narkabti-sha-iltanu-5 (Star in the Bull towards the north) σ Aurigae (80.4), BELLATRIX (Female Warrior) = γ Orionis, SAIF AL JABBAR (Sword of the Giant) = η Orionis (80.7), ELNATH (The Butting One) = β Tauri = γ Aurigae (80.9) 39.0 = 80.4 - *41.4	ψ Orionis (81.1), NIHAL (Thirst-slaking Camels) = β Leporis (81.7)	*KHUFU* MINTAKA (Belt) = δ Orionis, υ Orionis (82.4), χ Aurigae (82.5), ε Columbae (82.6) 41.0 = 82.4 - 41.4 → 41 Arietis (Bharani)*	*KHAFRE* Al Hak'ah-3 (Brand) / Mrigashīrsha-5 (Stag's Head) / Turtle Head-20 (Monkey) / Mas-tab-ba-tur-tur (Little Twins) ARNEB = α Leporis, CRAB NEBULA = M1 Tauri (83.0, φ¹ Orionis (83.1), HEKA = λ Orionis, ORION NEBULA = M42 (83.2), φ² Orionis (83.6), ALNILAM (String of Pearls) = ε Orionis (83.7)	*MENKAURE* Three Stars-21 (Gibbon) / Shur-narkabti-sha-shūtū-6 (Star in the Bull towards the south) / ANA-IVA-9 (Pillar of exit) HEAVENLY GATE = ζ Tauri, ν Columbae (84.0), ω Orionis (84.2), ALNITAK (Girdle) = ζ Orionis, PHAKT (Phaet) = α Columbae (84.7)	ο Aurigae (85.8), γ Leporis (85.9) ~~YANG MUN (α Lupi)~~

CLOSE TO THE SUN:
β, γ Arae (263.3), κ Arae (263.5), σ Ophiuchi (263.6)	LESATH (Sting) = υ Scorpii, δ Arae (264.7), CHOO (Club) = α Arae (264.9)	*Al Shaula-17* ALWAID (Mother Camels) = β Draconis, MAASYM (Wrist) = λ Herculis (265.1), SHAULA (Sting) = λ Scorpii (265.3), KUMA = ν Draconis (265.6), σ Arae (265.9) ~~HAMAL (α ARIETIS)~~	RAS ALHAGUE (Head of the Serpent Charmer) = α Ophiuchi (266.1), SARGAS = θ Scorpii (266.3), μ Ophiuchi, π Arae (266.5), NAN HAE (Southern Sea) = ξ Serpentis (266.6), AL DHĪLI (The Wolf) = ω Draconis, ι Herculis (266.7)	λ Arae (267.1), GIRTAB (Seizer) = κ Scorpii, ο Serpentis (267.6), DSIBAN (Wolf Pair) = ψ Draconis (267.9)	KELB ALRAI (Dog of the Shepherd) = β Ophiuchi, μ Arae (268.1), KEW HO (Nine Rivers) = μ Herculis (268.6), η Pavonis (268.7), APOLLYON = ι Scorpii (268.9)

te hokohuki	te moko	te hokohuki
Hoko. 1. To jump; to rock or swing in rhythm with the chants in festivals, as was the ancient custom; an ancient dance. He to'o mai e te hoa manu i te mamari ki toona rima, he ma'u, he hoko, the 'bird master' receives the egg in his hand and carries it, dancing. 2. Number prefix: 'in a group of...': hokotahi, alone; hokorua, in a group of two (also companion, e hakarere te kai mo toou hokorua, leave some food for my companion); hakatoru, in a group of three, etc.; hokohía, in a group of how many? Hokohía ana oho koe ki te rano? With how many people will you go to the volcano? Vanaga. 1. To traffic, to trade, to buy, to ransom (hoò); hoòa te kaiga, to buy land. 2. To sport, to play. Churchill. Move the body to and fro with the rythm of a song. Barthel. Huki. 1. Pole attached to the poop from which the fishing-net is suspended: huki kupega. 2. Digging stick. 3. To set vertically, to stand (vt.). 4. Huki á te mahina, said of the new moon when both its horns have become visible. Vanaga. 1. To post up, to publish. 2. To cut the throat (uki). Mq.: Small sticks which close up the ridge of a house. Ha.: hui, the small uniting sticks in a thatched house. Churchill. Standing upright. Barthel. M. Spit for roasting. Te Huki, a constellation. Makemson. Hukihuki. 1. Colic. 2. To transpierce, a pricking. 3. To sink to the bottom. Churchill.

Ca4-10	Ca4-11	Ca4-12 (88)
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:
μ Columbae (86.1), Saiph (86.5), ζ μ Columbae, SAIPH (Sword) = κ Orionis (86.5), τ Aurigae, ζ Leporis (86.6)	υ Aurigae (87.1), ν Aurigae (87.2), WEZN (Weight) = β Columbae, δ Leporis (87.7), TZE (Son) = λ Columbae (87.9)	*Ardra-6 (The Moist One) / ANA-VARU-8 (Pillar to sit by)* χ¹ Orionis, ξ Aurigae (88.1), BETELGEUZE = α Orionis (88.3), ξ Columbae (88.5), σ Columbae (88.7) ~~ZUBEN ELGENUBI (α Librae)~~
June 15 (166)	16	*17 (168 = 80 + 88 = 2 84)**
APRIL 12 (166 - 64 = 102)	*13 (→ 14 29½)**	14 (104 = 84 + 20)

CLOSE TO THE SUN:
MULIPHEN (Oaths) = γ Ophiuchi (269.0), BASANISMUS = G Scorpii (269.5), PHERKARD (Dim One of the Two Calves) = δ Ursae Minoris (269.9)	PTOLEMY CLUSTER = M7 Scorpii (270.5), GRUMIUM (Lower Jaw) = ξ Draconis (270.9)	RUKBALGETHI GENUBI (Bending Claw) = θ Herculis (271.1), ξ Herculis (271.5), ETAMIN (Head) = γ Draconis, ν Herculis (271.7), ν Ophiuchi (271.8)

In the B text the very last glyph on side b is of the type henua ora (living earth), which suggests the result of the rays from the star Betelgeuze having returned to the sky above.

... And they were sacrificed and buried. They were buried at the Place of Ball Game Sacrifice, as it is called. The head of One Hunaphu was cut off; only his body was buried with his younger brother. 'Put his head in the fork of the tree that stands by the road', said One and Seven Death. And when his head was put in the fork of the tree, the tree bore fruit. It would not have had any fruit, had not the head of One Hunaphu been put in the fork of the tree. This is the calabash, as we call it today, or 'the skull of One Hunaphu', as it is said. And then One and Seven Death were amazed at the fruit of the tree. The fruit grows out everywhere, and it isn't clear where the head of One Hunaphu is; now it looks just the way the calabashes look. All the Xibalbans see this, when they come to look ...

Due to the effects of the precession, the current season for the return of Betelgeuze would thus have been shifted to July 3 (168 + 16) from a possible primordial day 88 + 16 = 104, i.e. as defined from the Golden Age of the Bull because 184 - 104 = 64.

... Up to the present time, fertility spells for fowls have played an important role. Especially effective were the so-called 'chicken skulls' (puoko moa) - that is, the skulls of dead chiefs, often marked by incisions, that were considered a source of mana. Their task is explained as follows: 'The skulls of the chiefs are for the chicken, so that thousands may be born' (te puoko ariki mo te moa, mo topa o te piere) ... As long as the source of mana is kept in the house, the hens are impregnated (he rei te moa i te uha), they lay eggs (he ne'ine'i te uha i te mamari), and the chicks are hatched (he topa te maanga). After a period of time, the beneficial skull has to be removed, because otherwise the hens become exhausted from laying eggs ...


Bb12-45	henua ora	Kb4-19

Ora. 1. Healthy; to recover, to be saved (from an illness or a danger): ku-ora-á, ina kai mate, he recovered, he did not die; ku-ora-á te haoa, the wound has healed; e-ora-no-á, he is still alive; ora-hakaou mai, to come back to life; ora ké, what a pleasant breeze! (lit: how healthy!). 2. Stick for spinning top (made from the shell of a sandalwood nut) with which children make the top spin. Vanaga.

1. December, January. Ora nui, November, October. 2. To live, to exist, to draw breath, to survive, to subsist, to be well, healthy, safe, to refresh, a pause, rest, ease; e ko ora, incurable; ora tuhai, previous existence; ora iho, to resuscitate, to revive; ora nui, vigorous; oraga, life, existence; oraga roaroa, oraga roaroa ke, oraga ina kai mou, immortality; oraga kore, lifeless; oraga mau, oraga ihoiho, vivacious; oraora, oraora no iti, to be better; hakaora, to draw breath, to revive, to strengthen, healthy, to sanctify, to animate, to save, to repose, to cure, to rest, to comfort, to assuage; hakaora ina kai mou, to immortalize; hakaoratagata, Messiah, Saviour. 3. To give water to; kua ora te kevare, to water a horse; hakaunu ora, to water. 4. To staunch, to stop the flow of a liquid. 5. To make an escape; hakaora, to discharge, to deliver, to set free. 6. To be awake (probably ara); hakaora to guard. 7. A zephyr, light wind; kona ora, a breezy spot; ahau ora, agreeable breeze. Churchill.

Ola, life, health, well-being, living, livelihood, means of support, salvation; alive, living; curable, spared, recovered, healed; to live; to spare, save, heal, grant life, survive, thrive. Ola loa, long life, longevity, Ola 'ana, life, existence. Wehewehe.

The explorers reach Easter Island in a 'canoe' (vaka). The name of their craft is given as Oraorangaru 'saved from the billows' (Brown 1924:40) or Te Oraora-miro 'the living-wood' (ME:58). The Routledge reference 'Each (man went) on a piece of wood' (RM:278) also seems to refer to the name of the canoe. As far back as 1934, the name was no longer understood. I favor the following explanation: The difficulty in interpreting the name of the canoe of the explorers arises from the name segment oraora. To begin with, the compound form oraora ngaru should be analyzed in comparison with other Polynesian compounds, such as MAO. pare-ngaru 'that which fends off the waves' (i.e., the hull of the boat), TAH. tere-'aru 'that which moves through the waves' (i.e., riding the waves on a board). There are several possible translations for oraora as the reduplication of ora. Te Oraora Miro can be translated as 'the pieces of wood, tightly lashed together' (compare TAH. oraora 'to set close together, to fit parts of a canoe') and be taken to refer to the method of construction of the explorer canoe, while Oraora Ngaru means 'that which parts the water like a wedge', or 'that which saves (one) from the waves, that which is stronger than the waves'. (Barthel 2)