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524. The Earth has to revolve 1 day extra in order to complete her year, because the direction to the Sun changes with 360º in a year:

 

... The Euripus, which has already come up in the Phaedo, was really a channel between Euboea and the mainland, in which the conflict of the tides reverses the current as much as seven times a day, with ensuing dangerous eddies - actually a case of standing waves rather than a true whirl. We meet the name again at a rather unexpected place, in the Roman circus or hippodrome, as we know from J. Laurentius Lydus (De Mensibus I.12), who states that the center of the circus was called Euripos; that in the middle of the stadium was a pyramid, belonging to the Sun; that by the Sun's pyramid were three altars, of Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, and below the pyramid, altars of Venus, Mercury, and the Moon, and that there were not more than seven circuits (kykloi) around the pyramid, because the planets were only seven. (See also F. M. Cornford's chapter on the origin of the Olympic games in J. Harrison's Themis (1962), p. 228; G. Higgins' Anacalypsis (1927), vol. 2., pp. 372ff.) This brings to mind (although not called Euripus, obviously, but 'the god's place of skulls') the Central American Ball Court which had a round hole in its center, termed by Tezozomoc 'the enigmatic significance of the ball court', and from this hole a lake spread out before Uitzilopochtli was born. See W. Krickeberg, 'Der mittelamerikanische Ballspielplatz und seine religiöse Symoblik', Paideuma 3 (1948), pp. 135ff., 155, 162.

And here the unstable Euripus of the Ocean, which flows back to the beginnings of its mysterious source, dragged with irresistible force the unhappy sailors, thinking by now only of death, towards Chaos. This is said to be the maw of the abyss, that unknown depth in which, it is understood, the ebb and flow of the whole sea is absorbed and then thrown up again, which is the cause of the tides. This is reflection of what had been a popular idea of antiquity. But here comes a version of the same story in North America. It concerns the canoe adventures of two Cherokees at the mouth of Suck Creek. One of them was seized by a fish, and never seen again. The other was taken round and round to the very lowest center of the whirlpool, when another circle caught him and bore him outward. He told afterwards that when he reached the narrowest circle of the maelstroem the water seemed to open below and he could look down as through the roof beam of a house, and there on the bottom of the river he had seen a great company, who looked up and beckoned to him to join them, but as they put up their hands to seize him the swift current caught him and took him out of their reach. It is almost as if the Cherokees have retained a better memory, when they talk of foreign regions, inhabited by 'a great company' - which might equally well be the dead, or giants with their dogs - there, where in 'the narrowest circle of the maelstroem the water seemed to open below' ...

2π * 58 = 364.24, whereas 2π * 59 = 370.52, i.e 370.52 - 364.24 = 2π.

 Synodic cycles

Mercury

115.88

Venus

583.92

Earth

364.0 = π * 115.88

364.24 = π * 116 = 2π * 58

Mars

779.96

Jupiter

398.88

Saturn

378.09

Uranus

369.66

The pre-Julian calendar had 7 months with 29 days, but in our modern times we have only one such in every 4th year:

Martius

31

31

-

Aprilis

29

30

+1

Maius

31

31

-

Iunius

29

30

+1

Quintilis

31

31

-

Sextilis

29

31

+2

Sum

180

184

+4

Sept

29

30

+1

Oct

31

31

-

Sum

240

245

+5

Nov

29

30

+1

Dec

29

31

+2

Ianuarius

29

31

+2

Februarius

23

28

-

5

Sum

350 + 5

365

+10

... The ordinary year in the previous Roman calendar consisted of 12 months, for a total of 355 days. In addition, a 27-day intercalary month, the Mensis Intercalaris, was sometimes inserted between February and March. This intercalary month was formed by inserting 22 days after the first 23 or 24 days of February; the last five days of February, which counted down toward the start of March, became the last five days of Intercalaris. The net effect was to add 22 or 23 days to the year, forming an intercalary year of 377 or 378 days ...

Side b on the C tablet carries 348 = 12 * 29 glyphs. And the last line on side a has also 29 glyphs. 13 * 29 = 377 = 740 - 363. Or rather, counting with a day zero at the beginning of the text: 741 - 377 = 364:

a1 26 26 b1 24 24 416
a2 25 51 b2 25 49 441
a3 25 76 b3 22 71 463
a4 29 105 b4 23 94 486
a5 35 140 b5 21 115 507
a6 28 168 b6 29 144 536
a7 31 199 b7 27 171 563
a8 29 228 b8 29 200 592
a9 27 255 b9 30 230 622
a10 29 284 b10 22 252 644
a11 32 316 b11 22 274 666
a12 27 343 b12 25 299 691
a13 20 363 (364) b13 30 329 721
a14 29 392 b14 19 348 (377) 740
sum 392 sum 348  sum
honu te henua te honu paka honu kau te honu te honu kau te honu E tupu - ki roto
Ca1-14 Ca1-15 *Ca14-18 *Ca14-20 *Ca14-22 *Ca14-25 *Ca14-28 Cb1-1 Cb1-2
April 4 (94) 1h (15.2) 377 = 13 * 29 'March 21 (80) 22 (108 - 27)
Honu. 1. Turtle. 2. Spider (the species found in houses). Vanaga. Turtle. P Mgv.: honu, onu, id. Mq.,Ta.: honu, id. To.: fonu, id. Ha.: honu, id. Churchill. To.: fonu, turtle, tortoise, Fu., Niuē, Uvea, Fotuna: fonu, turtle ... Sa.: volu, tortoise. Nukuoro: holu, turtle. Viti: vonu, turtle. Churchill 2.

... It grew light, and again Ira spoke. This is what he said: 'Turn around, all of you, and go down to ride the waves (literally, 'to the turtle, to act like a turtle') ... This happened when they had gone up to the yam plantation of Kuukuu:

... With the elimination of Kuukuu, Makoi achieves superior status among the sons of Hua Tava: the last-born now holds the rank of the first-born. Through the meeting with Nga Tavake,

the representative of the original population in the area north of Rano Kau, the number of the explorers is once again complete. Not only are Kuukuu and Nga Tavake related as 'loss' and 'gain', but also they share the same economic function: it was Kuukuu's special mission to establish a yam plantation after the landing (in this role he represents the vital function of the good planter);

Nga Tavake joined the explorers to work with them in the yam plantation of the dead Kuukuu (i.e., he closes the gap caused by the death of Kuukuu among the planters) ...

... After they had departed from Pu Pakakina they reached Vai Marama and met a man. Ira asked, 'How many are you?' He answered, 'There are two of us.' Ira continued asking, 'Where is he (the other)?' To that he answered, 'The one died.' Again Ira asked, 'Who has died?' He replied, 'That was Te Ohiro A Te Runu.' Ira asked anew, 'And who are you?' He answered, 'Nga Tavake A Te Rona.' (E:46) ... RAP. rona means primarily 'sign' (an individual sign in the Rongorongo script or a painted or carved sign made on a firm background, such as a petroglyph), but also 'sculpture' (made from wood or stone, representing animals or hybrid creatures) ... rona (lona) implies the idea of 'maintaining a straight line' with ropes and nets and also the maintaining of a steady course (in MAO. and TUA.). Te Rona is the name of a star in TUA., which Makemson (1941:251) derives from the mythical figure of 'Rona', who is connected with the moon and is considered to be the father of (the moon goddess) Hina (for this role in MAO., see Tregear 1891:423). From west Polynesia come totally different meanings. Interesting perhaps is FIJ. lona, 'to wonder what one is to eat, fasting for the dead.' ...

... They all went up to the yam plantation of Kuukuu. Once they had arrived there, Ira stayed for one month. Ira and all the others stayed there and cleaned up the yam plantation. They finished weeding the yam plantation. Another day dawned, and Ira said to Raparenga, Come here, you, so that I can teach you a verse (ki)! Raparenga came, and Ira taught him the verse. This is the verse he was taught: 

There are eight lands. One has been discovered, namely, 'the little piece of earth' (te pito o te kainga). Seven (lands) (remain) in the midst of dim twilight during the fast journey (i te pei). Once lost (i.e., the eighth land), not even eight groups of people (i.e., countless boat crews) can find it again.

And Ira continued his speech:

Ruhi to the right, Pu to the left, and Hinariru in the middle, mother-of-pearl necklace around the neck of the figure Hinariru.

Raparenga said to Ira, Where is the figure of Hinariru? Ira replied to Raparenga, Up there, on top of that flat rock (papa), at the place where we rode the waves. Raparenga said to Ira, Let's return (there) to see (the figure)! Ira replied, Oh (no), let's leave it alone. When we ride the waves again, the wave will move quickly. If it moves to the right, the eye looks in the right direction and catches a glimpse of Ruhi Hepii. From there the ornament of Ruhi Hepii shines! Then one goes back out again, the wave moves to the left, the eye looks in the left direction, towards Pu. There the ornament of Pu shines forth! One repeats (riding the waves) toward the middle, the eye looks toward Papa O Rae. There the mother-of-pearl necklace of the figure Hinariru shines forth!

The text in Manuscript E seems to state that the Explorers (the planets) went from Pu Pakakina, then they were joined by Nga Tavake who filled in the gap left by the disabled Kuukuu (mortally wounded by the flipper of a turtle), and then they went up to the yam plantation all together to stay there for 1 month in order to clean it up.

[E:31] he noho he hakaora.i ahu akapu.erua raa

They made camp and rested at Ahu Akapu for two days.

i te angahuru te maiva. o te raa o hora iti

On the twenty-ninth day of the month of August ('Hora Iti')

Hagahuru. Ten (agahuru, hagauru). P Mq.: onohuú, okohuú, id. Ta.: ahuru. id. Churchill. The Maori recognized two main divisions of the year: winter or takurua, a name for Sirius which then shone as morning star, and summer, raumati or o-rongo-nui, 'of the great Rongo', god of agriculture. They occasionally recognized spring as the digging season koanga, from ko, the digging stick or spade. The autumn or harvest season was usually spoken of as ngahuru, 'tenth' (month), although it was considered to include also the last two months of the year. Mahuru was the personification of spring. Makemson.

The word maiva could possibly be mai-iva, where mai = sick and iva = 9, in a way possibly implying the day which was number 10 (hangahuru) + mai(i)va = 29. When the Sun was in August (Hora Iti) then the Full Moon (Hotu) was in February and there was no day 29 in Tehetu'upú. Furthermore, Tehetu'upú 9 (40) could have been alluded to (2-9) because in Roman times this would have been day 40 + 14 = 54 ('February 23 = Terminalia). The Full Moon was in Tehetu'upú 28 (= 9 + 19) when the Sun reached the 'plumb line' between the Fox and Spica.

... There is a further motivation of the same in the kava taken immediately after the chief's by the herald, a representative of the land. This drinking is 'to kick', rabeta, the chief's kava. Raberabe, the same reduplicated version, means 'a sickness', the result of kicking accidently against a 'drau-ni-kau'... The herald here takes the effects on himself: drau-ni-kau is the common name for 'sorcery'...

i oho ai ki pu pakakina.he tuu he noho he na(-)

they went to Pu Pakakina. They arrived, remained there, and gave

pe i te ingoa ko pu pakakina.a Ira.he noho

the name 'Pu Pakakina A Ira'. They remained

etahi marama.i pu pakakina.

one month in Pu Pakakina.

29 - 16 = 13, and August 13 is day 225 in our Gregorian calendar. But 'another day dawned' could mean we should count 225 + 1 = 226 as the day when Ira (the Sun) taught Raparenga (the Moon) an important verse. Or rather that we should count 225 + 1 month + 1 day = 225 + 29 (Sextilis) + 1 = 255.

255 - 80 = *175:

Ga5-1 (111) Ga5-2 Ga5-3 Ga5-4 Ga5-5
CLOSE TO THE SUN:
Sept 12 (255 - 80)

θ Crateris (175.0), υ Leonis (175.2), ω Virginis (175.3), ι Crateris (175.5)

13

ο Hydrae (176.1)

14 (*177)

ζ Crateris, ξ Virginis  (177.0), λ Muscae (177.1), ν Virginis (177.2), μ Muscae (177.8)

15

Al Sarfah-10 (Turn) / Uttara Phalguni-12 (Second Reddish One) / Zibbat A.-16 (Tail of the Lion) / Shēpu-arkū sha-A-17 (Hind Leg of the Lion)

93 Leonis (178.0), DENEBOLA = β Leonis (178.3), ALARAPH (Unarmed) = β Virginis (178.6)
16 (259 = 243 + 16)

PHEKDA ('Thigh') = γ Ursae Majoris, β Hydrae  (179.3), η Crateris (179.9) 

DENEB CYGNI (α Cygni)
°Sept 8 9 (*172) 10 11 (254) 12
'Aug 16 17 (229) 18 (*150 = *177 - *27) 19 20
"Aug 2 (214) 3 4 (*136 = *177 - * 41) 5 6
JULY 10 11 12 (193 = 257 - 64) 13 14 (*115)
DAY 175 176 177 = 354 / 2 178 179
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:

March 13 (72 = 360 / 5)

λ Piscium (358.0), MANUS CATENATA (Chained Hand) = ι Andromedae (358.1), ALRAI (Shepherd) = γ Cephei, θ Phoenicis (358.4), κ Andromedae (358.7)

*317.0 = *358.4 - *41.4 

14 (→ π)

ω Aquarii (359.2), 78 Pegasi (359.5) 

15

ψ Andromedae (360.1), σ Phoenicis (360.4)

*319.0 = *360.4 - *41.4

16 (14 * 29½ + 27 = 365 + 75)

γ¹ Oct. (361.4), φ Pegasi (361.7)

*320.0 = *361.4 - *41.4 
17 (442 = 259 + 183)

DZANEB (Tail) = ω Piscium (362.4), γ² Oct. (362.8)

*321.0 = *362.4 - *41.4 
°March 10 11 (*355) 12 13 3-14
'Febr 15 16 (*332) 17 18 19 (50)
"Febr 1 2 (*345) 3 4 5 (36)
JAN 9 10 (*295) 11 12 13 (378 → Saturn)
DAY 358 359 360 = 2 * 180 361 362 = 336 + 26

4 * 29 = 116 and 3 * 116 = 348 (number of glyphs on side b of the C tablet). Although line Cb1 carries 24 and not 29 glyphs we can perceive how 29 = 24 (b1) + 5:

  27
- te rima
Ca13-20 (740 - 377) *Ca14-29 (363 + 29)
CLOSE TO THE SUN:

Sept 16 (259 = 243 + 16)

PHEKDA ('Thigh') = γ Ursae Majoris, β Hydrae  (179.3), η Crateris (179.9) 

DENEB CYGNI (α Cygni)
 

Oct 16 (289 = 90 + 16 + 183)

no star listed (209)

'Aug 20 (232 = 259 - 27)

'Sept 19 (262 = 246 + 16)
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:

March 17 (442 = 259 + 183)

DZANEB (Tail) = ω Piscium (362.4), γ² Oct. (362.8)

*321.0 = *362.4 - *41.4 = *335 - *14
 

April 16 (471 = 365 + 106)

ANA-NIA-10 (Pillar-to-fish by)

 χ Ceti (26.1), POLARIS = α Ursae Minoris, BATEN KAITOS (Belly of the Fish) = ζ Ceti (26.6), METALLAH (Triagle) = α Trianguli (26.9)

'Febr 18 (*335 + 80 = 232 - 183 = 7 * 7 = 33 + 16)

'March 20 (79 = 106 - 27 = 63 + 16)

te ua koia ra kua tuku ki to mata - ki tona tukuga e kiore - henua - pa rei
Cb2-4 (420 = 7 * 60) Cb2-5 (29) Cb2-6 Cb2-7
CLOSE TO THE SUN:
Nov 13

κ Librae (237.2), ι Serpentis (237.4), ψ² Lupi, ρ Oct. (237.5), γ Cor. Borealis, η Librae (237.7),  COR SERPENTIS = α Serpentis (237.9)

*196.0 = *237.4 - *41.4

14

π Cor. Borealis, UNUK ELHAIA (Necks of the Serpents) = λ Serpentis (238.1), CHOW = β Serpentis (238.6)

15

κ Serpentis (239.3), δ Cor. Borealis, TIĀNRŪ = μ Serpentis (239.5), χ Lupi, (239.6), ω Serpentis (239.7), BA (= Pa) = ε Serpentis, χ Herculis (239.8). κ Cor. Borealis, ρ Serpentis (239.9)

16 (320)

λ Librae (240.0), β Tr. Austr. (240.3), κ Tr. Austr. (240.4), ρ Scorpii (240.8)

*199.0 = *240.4 - *41.4

'Oct 17 18 19 (292 = 4 * 73) 20
"Oct 3 4 (277) 5 6
SEPT 10 11 12 (255 = 3 * 85) 13

DAY 237

238

239

240

CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:
May 14

δ Persei (54.7)

15 (500 = 365 + 135)

Al Thurayya-27 (Many Little Ones) / Krittikā-3 (Nurses of Kārttikeya) / TAU-ONO (Six Stones)

ATIKS = ο Persei, RANA (Frog) = δ Eridani (55.1), CELAENO (16 Tauri), ELECTRA (17), TAYGETA (19), ν Persei (55.3), MAIA (20), ASTEROPE (21), MEROPE (23) (55.6)

16 (136)

Hairy Head-18 (Cockerel) / Temennu-3 (Foundation Stone)

ALCYONE (56.1), PLEIONE (28 Tauri), ATLAS (27 Tauri) (56.3)
17

MENKHIB (Next to the Pleiades = ζ Persei (57.6)

PORRIMA (γ Virginis)
'April 17 (80 + 27) 18 (108 = 135 - 27) 19 20
BISSEXTUM (54 - 55) 56 (8 WEEKS) 57 (= 137 - 64 - 16)

... The leap day was introduced as part of the Julian reform. The day following the Terminalia (February 23) was doubled, forming the 'bis sextum - literally 'double sixth', since February 24 was 'the sixth day before the Kalends of March' using Roman inclusive counting (March 1 was the 'first day'). Although exceptions exist, the first day of the bis sextum (February 24) was usually regarded as the intercalated or 'bissextile' day since the third century. February 29 came to be regarded as the leap day when the Roman system of numbering days was replaced by sequential numbering in the late Middle Ages ...

"April 3 4 5 6 (96)
MARCH 11 12 (135 - 64 = 71) 13 14 (→ π)
DAY 54 55 56 57

Glyph 29 on side b was at Tau-ono (the first part of the Pleiades). And from there to the end of side b there were 348 - 29 = 11 * 29 glyphs. The last line on side b carried 19 glyphs and 11 * 29 - 19 = 300.

Similarly can we find 29 at the beginning of side a by adding 19 (glyph line Cb14):

 
te manu te henua te Rei kua hakagana te henua honu te henua
Ca1-9 Ca1-10 (29 - 19) Ca1-11 Ca1-12 Ca1-13 Ca1-14 Ca1-15
CLOSE TO THE SUN:
Sept 29 30 (3 * 91 = 273)   Oct 1 2 3 4 (277) 5
ι Crucis (192.2), β Muscae (192.5), MIMOSA = β Crucis (192.9) no star listed (193)

κ Crucis (194.4), ψ Virginis (194.5), μ Crucis, λ Crucis (194.6), ALIOTH (Fat Tail) = ε Ursae Majoris, ι Oct. (194.8)

*153.0 = *194.4 - *41.4
MINELAUVA = δ Virginis (195.1), COR CAROLI = α Canum Ven. (195.3)

δ Muscae (196.5) , VINDEMIATRIX (Grape Gatherer) = ε Virginis (196.8)

13h (197.8)

ξ¹ Centauri (197.1), ξ² Centauri (197.9)
Apami-Atsa (198
'Sept 2 3 4 5 6 7 (250) 8
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:
March 30 31   April 1 (91) 2 3 4 5

ξ Phoenicis (9.0), ρ Tucanae (9.1), DENEB KAITOS (Tail of the Sea Beast) = β Ceti, η Phoenicis (9.4), AL NITHĀM (String of Pearls) = φ¹ Ceti (9.6)

*334.0 = *375.4 - *41.4
ACHIRD (Woman with Luminous Rays) = η Cassiopeiae (10.7)

Legs-15 (Wolf)

ν Andromedae (11.0), φ² Ceti (11.1), ρ Phoenicis (11.2), η Andromedae (11.4)

*336.0 = *377.4 - *41.4

CIH (Whip) = γ Cassiopeiae, λ Tucanae (12.4), φ³ Ceti (12.6), μ Andromedae (12.8)

*337.0 = *378.4 - *41.4

φ4 Ceti (13.2) no star listed (14)

1h (15.2)

β Phoenicis (15.1), υ Phoenicis, ι Tucanae (15.6), ζ Phoenicis (15.7)

... At the beginning of 44 B.C. - when Ceasar was still alive - the Senate decided to raise statues of him in all the temples and to sacrifice to him on his birthday in the month Quintilis, which in honour of him was renamed July. He was raised to the status of a god (among the other gods of the state) under the name Jupiter Julius. Marcus Antonius, who this year was consul together with Ceasar, became high priest and responsible for the ceremonies. In the middle of February, at the time of the old feast of Lupercalia [cfr Lupus = Wolf], he ran around naked and whipped the Roman ladies with thongs made from goat-skin [februa], in order to promote their fertility ...

'March 3 4   5 (64) 6 7 8 9
honu te henua te honu paka honu kau te honu te honu kau te honu E tupu - ki roto
Ca1-14 Ca1-15 *Ca14-18 *Ca14-20 *Ca14-22 *Ca14-25 *Ca14-28 Cb1-1 Cb1-2
April 4 392 - 14 = 378 (→ Saturn) = 740 - 12 * 29 - 14 'Sept 20  21 (264)