TRANSLATIONS
next page previous page up home

Pa5-30

may correspond to Te Pei and / or Te Pou, names which I think are similar to Poike and Pua Katiki, possibly word plays to draw attention to the fact that both sets of names are located at cardinal points of the voyage of the kuhane.

Pei and Pou (7 and 8)

Poi and Pua (16 and 17)

Considering the similarity between an island and a canoe and the female darkness it is interesting to find the expression po ihuihu, prow of a canoe in Churchill. Poike should be the prow, the highest point of the vessel.

"... the dream soul of Hau Maka had named the 13th station 'Tama, an evil fish (he ika kino) with a very long nose (he ihu roroa)'.

Probably this Tama has a long nose (ihu) because he is the front at Poike.

'... The assistant of the king acted as a midwife (?) for the pregnant woman (hanau tama is, in this case, more likely to mean mother of the child) ...'

I think that the mother of the child is the canoe / the island and that the baby is the southeast part of the island. It would therefore be possible to read hanau tama as the pregnant woman. The child is a part of his mother up until 'noon'.

Hanau

1. Race, ethnic group. Hanau eepe, the thick-set race; hanau momoko, the slender race (these terms were mistranslated as "long-ears" and "short-ears"). 2. To be born. Hanau tama, pregnant woman; vî'e hanau poki, midwive (also: vî'e hakaa'u). Vanaga.

To be born; vie hanau, midwife. Churchill

Poike presumably should be read as po-ike, where po is darkness and ike is the pounder into whiteness, the tapa beater:

Ike

Pau.: Tapa beater. Mgv.: ike, id. Ta.: ie, id. Mq.: ike, id. Sa.: i'e, id. Ma.: ike, to strike with a hammer. Ikeike, gracious, pleasant. Ta.: iéié, elegant, vain, gracious. Mq.: iéié, id. Ha.: ieie, dignified, vainglorious. Churchill.

This blow of the hammer we probably have seen before, at noon in Aa1-26:

and the result should be white tapa, a way to explain the sign of hau tea in Aa1-28:

The explanation of Poike as po-ike explains what we see in Aa1-26, not only the tapa beater (ike) but also we immediately recognize that the sign of Y could be read as po, whereas the sun and the haga are like determinants, making clear that the subject is the sun and its turnover point.

But noon is not called poike, rather raá tini or raá toa (according to Churchill). Tini means to be at the 'zenith' (no such thing possible on Easter Island because it is situated too far to the south) and Churchill's toa may be tôa or toá, thereby explaining the sign of Y in Aa1-26.

The creator of Aa1-26 presumably thought about noon as raá toa rather than raá tini. Then constructing a glyph corresponding to raá toa he would have changed the top middle flame of the sun into the Y-sign (as an allusion for toa). After that he realized that it would also be possible to express an allusion to Poike by changing the ordinary sign for hakaturu (GD32 + GD36) into a tapa beater. As a last touch he would then hange the point of haga into an open affair - just as the Y-sign has open 'branches'.

Maybe the creators of the parallel glyphs in H / P / Q thought about noon as raá tini, which would explain why neither Y nor ike (nor a change in the point of haga) occur in those texts.

If the rongorongo glyphs contain not only determinants but also rebus signs, then we must presume that the rebus signs have more than one reading.

At the other end of the 'canoe', the stern, we find Te Pou, the star Sirius.

"...The actual props, pillars or posts which separated the sky and earth are called toko in New Zealand, to'o in the Marquesas Islands and pou in Tahiti. In Rapanui tuu and pou are known, with pou meaning column, pillar or post of either stone or wood. Sometimes the word is applied to a natural rock formation with postlike qualities which serves as an orientation point. The star Sirius is called Te Pou in Rapanui and functions in the same way ..." 

There were 28 stations named by the kuhane of Hau Maka, but there seems to be 20 stations (10 in the day and 10 in the night) for the calendar in P, and there are 24 hours in a day. It would be nice if we could use the 'props' to define where the cardinal points are located in these three structures.

There are 8 pairs of stations from Nga Kope Ririva Tutuu Vai A Te Taanga (1) up to and including Poike (16). Clearly Poike is male in character and Pua Katiki (17) female. Males come first and their females follow, therefore Pua Katiki belongs to Poike, not to Maunga Teatea (18).

"...eight pairs of names make up the stretch from west to east; one pair marks the segment from south to north; two pairs indicate the path from east to west; and, finally, another pair marks a second segment from south to north. In both cases, the (relative) 'cross segments' (17 and 18, and 23 and 24) are pairs of mountains ..."

That male stations should have even numbers and female odd numbers cannot be correct, the males should have odd numbers and the female even numbers. The 1st station must be male and then the pattern with odd-even-odd-even... dictates this rule. And indeed Nga Kope Ririva Tutuu Vai A Te Taanga at first glance seems to be male:

"... She descended on one of the small islets (off) the coast). The dream soul of Hau Maka looked around and said: 'These are his three young men.' She named the three islets 'the handsome youths of Te Taanga, who are standing in the water' ..."

(Although kope may mean both young man or woman, we should for the moment trust the translation given in Barthel 2.)

Kope

Lad, lass, youth, young man or woman; he-oho te kope ra'e Ko Ira, the first youth, Ko Ira, went; pehé korua ga kope? How are you, lads? Koho-mai korua ko ga kope, ka-maitaki korua ga kope! Welcome to you, lasses, what beautiful lasses you are!

Kope tugutugu, youth T. Pau.: kope, string, filament. Ma.: kope, to bind in flax leaves. Churchill.

The cardinal points should be male and have odd numbers. How come that Te Pou and Poike have even numbers?

As both Te Pou and Poike have even numbers, it is sufficient to scrutinize the stations numbered 2-7, the discrepancy must lie there.

 

Stations of the dream soul of Hau Maka: Barthel 2: Male (1) or female (2):
geography etymology
1 Nga Kope Ririva Tutuu Vai A Te Taanga "... She descended on one of the small islets (off) the coast). The dream soul of Hau Maka looked around and said: 'These are his three young men.' She named the three islets 'the handsome youths of Te Taanga, who are standing in the water' ..." 2 1 ?
2 Te Pu Mahore "... The dream soul saw the fish Mahore, who was in a (water) hole to spawn (?), and she named the place 'Pu Mahore A Hau Maka O Hiva' ..." 1 ? 2
3 Te Poko Uri "... The dream soul climbed up and reached the rim of the crater. As soon as the dream soul looked into the crater, she felt a gentle breeze coming toward her. She named the place 'Poko Uri A Hau Maka O Hiva' ..." 2 2
4 Te Manavai "... The dream soul of Hau Maka reached (the smaller crater) Manavai and named the place 'Te Manavai A Hau Maka O Hiva' ..." 2 2
5 Te Kioe Uri "... The dream soul went on and reached Te Kiore Uri. She named the place 'Te Kiore Uri A Hau Maka O Hiva' ..." 1 ? 2
6 Te Piringa Aniva "... The dream soul went on and came to Te Piringa Aniva. She named the place 'Te Piringa Aniva A Hau Maka O Hiva' ..." ? 2
7 Te Pei "... Again the dream soul went on her way and reached Te Pei. She named the place 'Te Pei A Hau Maka O Hiva' ..." 2 2

The scheme odd - even - odd - even ... clearly does not make sense here. Maybe the conclusion to be drawn is that during the night light and shadow cannot alternate.

I have with red marked where there seems to be no question about whether 'male' (1) or 'female' (2) is defined. All 7 stations are 'female'.

(1) The three kope are islets, i.e. small islands, and an island is 'female'. The word kope does not define sex, just as poki (wordplay - poke / kope ?) does not say whether it is a boy or a girl.

The string of 3 islets presumably indicate 'new year', they are not only standing as the 1st station of the kuhane, but - more important - they presumably correspond to the 3 wives of Vatea:

"The months were also personified by the Marquesans who claimed, as did the Moriori, that they were descendants of the Sky-father. Vatea, the Marquesan Sky-parent, became the father of the twelve months by three wives among whom they were evenly divided ..."

Motu Kaokao, Motu Iti, and Moto Nui (in 'increasing' order) are 'female' in character. Whereas iti and nui are neutral, we find definitive affirmation in kaokao:

Kao

1. Side, edge, rim; kao gutu (or just kao), labia minora. 2. Steep, almost perpendicular; thin, skinny. Motu Kaokao, name of one of the islets opposite Orongo, with a steep shape. Vanaga.

Cloth, clothing, garb. (Perhaps a variant of kahu.) Kaokao, side, flank, ribs, lateral. P Pau.: kaokao, the side, flank. Mgv.: kaokao, the side, flank. Mq.: kaokao, id. Ta.: aoáo, id. In Nuclear Polynesia this is particularized, in Samoa to the armpit, in Tonga and Futuna to the sides of the canoe. Therefore it may be considered a borrowing from the Tongafiti. Churchill.

These 3 islets on a string may be a late reflection from the 3 stars of Orion's Belt, Tautoru, 'Three Stones', because at a very ancient time this constellation announced the arrival of spring equinox (the beginning of the 'summer year').

Tui

1. To sew mats, to make strings. 2. The three stars of Orion's Belt. Vanaga.

Ta'u, tau(tau)

Year (ta'u), he-hoa ite ta'u, to confess to a crime committed long ago, by publishing it in the form of a kohau motu mo rogorogo (rongorongo tablet). Vanaga.

1.To hang (tau), to perch  (said of chickens on tree branches at night);  rock on the coast, taller than others so that something can be deposited on it without fear of seeing washed it away by the waves; hakarere i ruga i te tau, to place something on such a rock; tau kupega, rope from which is hung the oval net used in ature fishing. 2. Pretty, lovely; ka-tau! how pretty! Vanaga.

1. Year, season, epoch, age. 2. Fit, worthy, deserving, opportune; tae tau, impolite, ill-bred, unseemly; pei ra tau, system. 3. To perch. 4. To hang; hakatau, necklace; hakatautau, to append. 5. Anchor; kona tau, anchorage, port. 6. To fight; hakatau, challenge, to defy, to incite; hakatautau, to rival. Churchill.

"The Malay word for 'year' is taun or tahun. In all Polynesian dialects the primary sense is 'a season', 'a period of time'. In the Samoan group tau or tausanga, besides the primary sense of season, has the definite meaning of 'a period of six months', and conventionally that of 'a year', as on the island of Tonga. Here the word has the further sense of 'the produce of the year', and derivatively 'a year'.

In the Society group it simply means 'season'. In the Hawaiian group, when not applied to the summer season, the word keeps its original sense of 'an indefinite period of time', 'a life-time, an age', and is never applied to the year: its duration may be more or less than a year, according to circumstances.

So far our authority (Fornander, I, 124; cp. 119). It seems however to be questionable whether the original sense is not the concrete 'produce of the seasons', rather than the abstract 'period of time'. It is significant that on the Society Islands the bread-fruit season is called te tau, and the names of the other two seasons, te tau miti rahi and te tau poai, are formed by adding to this name." Nilsson.

I have noticed and thought much about what Metoro might have meant by his maitaki at the three 'stones' on a string in GD53

Now I suddenly realize that it might have been allusion to tau = pretty.

 

2. Te Pu Mahore  There is a fish in a water hole. According to Freud we can read the fish as male and the water hole as female. This station might therefore be regarded as both male and female. The name Te Pu Mahore, however, seems to eliminate hesitation, the station is female:

1. To come forward to greet someone met on the road; to walk in front, to go in front: ka-pú a mu'a, let them go first. 2. Pú a mu'a, to intervene, to come to someone's rescue; he-pú-mai a mu'a, he-moaha, he came to my rescue and saved my life. 3. Ancient expression: ai ka-pú, ai ka-pú, tell us frankly what you think. 4. Hole, opening, orifice; well; circumference, rotundity; swirling water; pú-haga, vaginal orifice; pú-henua (also just henua), placenta. He pú henua nó te me'e aau, he-oti-á; ina-á me'e ma'u o te rima i-topa-ai koe, a placenta was all you had, it is a past thing now; you held nothing in your hands when you were born (stern words said to children to make them realize that they must not be demanding, since they were born naked and without possessions). 5. To dig out (tubers): he-pú i te uhi, to dig out yams. Vanaga.

1. A trumpet. 2. A small opening, hole, mortise, stirrup, to pierce, to perforate, to prick; pu moo naa, hiding place; taheta pu, fountain, spring; hakapu, to dowel, to pierce, to perforate. Churchill.

On the other hand, the kuhane saw the little silvery fish (mahore)

Mahore

A fish (small, silver-coloured). Vanaga.

who was there to spawn (?). The kuhane, being female, saw the fish of course, rather than the hole; the doubt as to the sex of the station remains.

 

We must penetrate deeper. I think this is the place to include a further text from Manuscript E in Barthel 2, where the explorers, led by Ira, turned around to look (ira) everywhere on the island:

"... The canoe continued its exploration and in a sweep sailed on to Hanga Te Pau.

They went ashore and took the food with them. They pulled the canoe onto the beach and left it there.

Ira sat down with all the other (companions) and spoke to Makoi: 'You shall mark the land for me and make it known (by its names)!'

After that, Ira spoke these words: 'This is the digging stick (? ko koko), Kuukuu. You shall work the land for me and plant the yam roots!'

Makoi named the place Hanga Te Pau, 'the landing site of Ira'. So that they would remember (? he aringa, literally, 'as face'), the open side of Hanga Te Pau was given this name.

Ira got up. They all climbed to the top of the hill. They climbed up on the tenth day of the month of June ('Maro').

They reached the side crater (te manavai) and looked around carefully. Makoi said, 'This is the Manavai of Hau Maka'.

They climbed farther and reached the top. They saw the dark abyss and the large hole (of the crater Rano Kau). They all said, 'Here it is, young men, the dark abyss of Hau Maka.'

They made camp and constructed a house.  Kuukuu got up, worked the ground, and heaped up the earth for the yam roots.

Makoi got up and began to familiarize himself with the (new) land. (This took place) on the fifteenth day of the month of June ('Maro').

He went toward the sheer face of the rocks (titi o te opata), was astonished (aaa), came up to the middle (of the outer rim of the crater), and stood at the very edge. He looked down and saw the 'Pu Mahore of Hau Maka' (on the coast) and said, 'There it is, the hole of the mahore fish of Hau Maka!'

He turned his face and looked toward the back (i.e., in the direction of the crater). No sooner had he seen how the dark abyss opened up (below him), when a fragrant breeze came drifting by. Again Makoi said, 'This is the dark abyss of Hau Maka.'

He turned around, walked on in utter amazement, and arrived at the house. He spoke to Ira, 'Hey you, my friends! How forgetful we (truly) are. This place is adequate (? tau or 'beautiful'), the dark abyss lies there peacefully!'

Ira replied, 'And what should that remind us of up here?' All arose and climbed up. They went on and arrived; they all had a good look (at the inside of the crater). They returned home and sat down. Night fell, and they went to sleep ..."

There is a riddle here, what had they forgot? Barthel does not comment on it, and I have no clear idea at present about what they had forgot. There should, however, be some connection with tau (beautiful).

Barthel can explain why the explorers got ashore at Hanga Te Pau instead of the place where the kuhane started (viz. at the three islets):

"The actual landing site of Ira is located a little farther to the east than the three islets off shore, which the dream soul of Hau Maka names first.

According to the scheme of place names as designations for months, the first four place names, that is, the encoded months 'Vaitu Nui' and 'Vaitu Potu', are passed up for the time being. However, the dates of the voyage logically explain the skipping of the spatial distance, which represents the months April and May; since Ira's canoe does not land until the first of June, which is the beginning of the month 'Maro', the landing site has to be in the 'right' chronological sequence!

Hanga Te Pau lies halfway between the places Kioe Uri and Piringa Aniva, both of which are also designations for the month of June. In this sense, Hanga Te Pau occupies the correct position in the time-space scheme.

Instead of turning to the right (facing the land) in their search for the residence of the king, the explorers turn in the opposite direction. From a chronological point of view, this turning to the left signifies a going back to the two winter months that have passed.

Considering the conditions in the new land, building a house on the rim of the crater and establishing a yam plantation are indeed suitable acitivities for the new settlers."

It is convenient to once again look at the coordination tables for our months and the Rapanui months and for the kuhane stations:

Vaitu Nui (April)

1-2

Hora Iti (August)

9-10

Koro (December)

17-18

Vaitu Potu (May)

3-4

Hora Nui (September)

11-12

Tuaharo (January)

19-20

Maro (June)

5-6

Tangaroa Uri (October)

13-14

Tehetu'upu (February)

21-22

Anakena (July)

7-8

Ruti (November)

15-16

Tarahau (March)

23-24

Quickly we could now point to the four glyphs in the 'real' night as representing the four 'half-months' in April and June:

But I am not convinced. Instead I prefer to walk another way. Te Pou should have an odd number and to reach that I propose that number 1 be given to Te Pu Mahore.

Remember that means to walk in front. Standing on the three islets we reach Te Pu Mahore with the fist stride. The three islets correspond to 'zero', the starting point.

Makoi does not return all the way to the three islets, he reaches Te Pu Mahore and then returns.

I suggest that we try to set Te Pu Mahore as corresponding to Pa5-22, Te Pou to be given the new number 7 and depicted in Pa5-31, and that Te Kioe Uri be connected with Pa5-26:

Pa5-22 Pa5-26 Pa5-31
Te Pu Mahore Te Kioe Uri Te Pou
1 4 7

This suggestion must now be argued for (and against). To start with, however, we once again repeat the stations with the numbers given by Barthel:

1

Nga Kope Ririva Tutuu Vai A Te Taanga

9

Hua Reva

17

Pua Katiki

2

Te Pu Mahore

10

Akahanga

18

Maunga Teatea

3

Te Poko Uri

11

Hatinga Te Kohe

19

Mahatua

4

Te Manavai

12

Roto Iri Are

20

Taharoa

5

Te Kioe Uri

13

Tama

21

Hanga Hoonu

6

Te Piringa Aniva

14

One Tea

22

Rangi Meamea

7

Te Pei

15

Hanga Takaure

23

Peke Tau O Hiti

8

Te Pou

16

Poike

24

Mauga Hau Epa

The 'antipode' of Poike, Te Kioe Uri, is Pa5-26 I have proposed. Obviously the henua put in the middle of the night is a very strong mark. We should be on firm ground here (in understanding Pa5-26 as the middle of the night). But can we be sure that Te Kioe Uri is the middle of the night station?

This might, however, be a totally wrong question to ask. The circuit of the sun over the year does not need to be precisely mirrored in the circuit of the sun over the day.

Would it not be a better idea to propose the 'equation' Nga Kope Ririva Tutuu Vai A Te Taanga ~ Pa5-26? I have said that this station of the kuhane is 'zero'. Wouldn't the henua also be a 'zero'? The 'kope' is a 'female zero' and the henua a 'male zero'.

The only argument so far in favour of Te Kioe Uri ~ Pa5-26 is its location among the kuhane stations exactly in the middle between Te Pu Mahore and Te Pou, and this argument builds on the proposition that Pa5-22 ~ Te Pu Mahore and that Pa5-31 ~ Te Pou.

I must try better. In D'Alleva I find this picture from New Guinea:

It is a yipwon and I have turned the image down on its back to limit the space for it (and to inactivate it). But it should be standing (on its 'single bent leg'). D'Alleva does not go into much details of any value for us, but from the picture I can 'read' the following:

The single leg means that we have a depiction of the central pole around which everything revolves, like Tohil (in Popol Vuh) who 'rotated inside his sandal'

"He pivoted inside his sandal: The verb phrase here is xub'aq uloq [xubac uloc], 'he drilled hither'; FV gives b'aq as 'to drill'. Just as he had promised Tohil gives his followers fire when others had lost it, acting as a fire drill. He pivots on one leg, which serves as the drill, and his sandal serves as the platform.

His one-legged pose and the fire identify him with the Classic Maya personage known to iconographers as God K or GII, whose fire is usually shown as a burning torch sticking out of his forehead but sometimes comes out of the mouth of the snake that serves as the longer of his legs or (sometimes) his only leg (Taube 1992:69-79). Tohil is also a manifestation of the god called Hurricane or Thunderbolt Hurricane elsewhere..."

This interpretatin of mine is also based on the juxtaposition of solar and lunar 'ribs' in the yipwon. Above the 'navel' (the 'head' is at right in the picture above) we find a picture of the full moon, similar to this rongorongo type of glyph (cfr also the midmonth glyphs in the Mamari moon calendar):

The sickle of the full moon image (in the yipwon) is turned with concave side down, thereby forming the 5th of the 'ribs' of the moon, two sickles for waxing and three for waning. 5 means darkness (followed by 'fire') - like in those 365-360. Full moon implies that 'death' is due to start, just as we have seen indicated at 'full noon' in the rongorongo day calendars.

In the 'rib cage' below the navel we similarly easily will identify the 'full sun' in the middle, with 3 ribs above and 3 below = 6, the number for the six solar double-months in a year. The year is the fundamental circuit for the sun and the month the fundamental circuit for the moon.

We should understand the two 'rib-cages' as symbols for the rounds which sun and moon perform during their respective fundamental circuits.

There might be a faint echo of this idea in Eve being shaped from one of the ribs of Adam.

To which we should add that kao (as in Rano Kao) means the side. At Rano Kao we are at the bottom, the female side of the island, at Poike at the top, the male side.

The yipwon, on the other hand, has moon high and sun low, possibly a sign of female strength (it takes effort to stand up compared to lie down): '... many New Guinea cultures consider women to be spiritually dangerous ...' (D'Alleva)

The yipwon shows us that neither sun nor moon are abolute powers, instead sun and moon are whirling around bound by the power of the yipwon.

Of course these 'primitive' peoples knew that the earth was turning around its axis. Important knowledge never dies, even if incredibly ancient.

Possibly it is a reflection of 'yipwon' we see in the henua of Pa5-26. A 'yipwon' cannot correspond to the three stars of the Belt of Orion (Nga Kope Ririva Tutuu Vai A Te Taanganga); 'yipwon' is male in character (standing up), while the three islets are lying down (as low as you can get).

I have thereby 'disproved' (to my own satisfaction) the 'equation' Nga Kope Ririva Tutuu Vai A Te Taanga ~ Pa5-26.

As to the proposed 'equation' Te Kioe Uri ~ Pa5-26 we should start the discussion by repeating that a ruler stands up, and that I have for a long time now considered henua as a 'ruler'.

The name Te Kioe Uri, however, indicates the opposite to a ruler:

 
Kio'e, kiore

Rat. Vanaga. Rat, mouse; kiore hiva, rabbit. Churchill

Uri

1. Dark; black-and-blue. 2. Green; ki oti te toga, he-uri te maúku o te kaiga, te kumara, te taro, te tahi hoki me'e, once winter is over, the grasses grow green, and the sweet potatoes, and the taro, and the other plants. Uriuri, black; very dark. Vanaga.

Uriuri, black, brown, gray, dark, green, blue, violet (hurihuri). Hakahurihuri, dark, obscurity, to darken. P Pau.: uriuri, black. Mgv.: uriuri, black, very dark, color of the deep sea, any vivid color. Mq.: uiui, black, brown. Ta.: uri, black. Churchill.

"The red pigment is understood as male, and is connected to the flames of the ritual bonfire, the flowing of animal and human blood in hunting and warfare, ritual self-sacrifice in ceremonial contexts, and the blood-red saliva produced in chewing betel nut.

The peformers prick their tongues and spit blood on the masks to activate their spirits before a performance, further enhancing this connection.

Black, in contrast, is a female color, associated with the ashes and soot of cooking fires, the fecundity of earth and mud, and the dark, wet places where powerful spirits live.

The white of the barkcloth is the color of the spirits, associated with wet and cloudy days, misty watering holes, the foam that sometimes occurs on the beaches and streams and that is itself associated with afterbirth and the primordial slime.

The patterns painted on the masks represent various naturla elements: fern leaves, bird tracks, the trails of caterpillars or snakes.

The masks themselves may represent pig vertebrae, tree forks, or leaves." (D'Alleva about Melanesia)

Maybe we should interpret this 'rat' as a 'cat' (like that head-crushing jaguar in South America). They had no cats to refer to on Easter Island, so they picked the rat instead. Remember the creature in the center of the year of the storehouse:

Two eyes are staring at us, one for each year. Only at new year does this happen. And uri his colour is.

"The supreme god Makemake was also carved at Orongo as a feline figure. Thomson thus said of some Orongo rock carvings which he estimated to antedate all others: 'the most common figure is a mythical animal, half human in form, with bowed back and long claw-like legs and arms. According to the natives this symbol was intended to represent the god Meke-Meke... ' He claimed it bore a 'striking resemblance' to a form he had seen in Peruvian art.

A feline figure with arched back, drawn-up abdomen, tall legs, and a round head with gaping mouth is commonly found incised with bird-men on the Easter Island tablets. Bishop T. Jaussen's much quoted theory that this animal is a 'rat' is as farfetched as at all possible and solely dictated by the fact that rats were the only animals on Easter Island and, what is more, feline animals do not exist on any Pacific island.

Yet felines were present in America and dominated the religious and symbolic art all the way from Mexico to Peru since Tiahuanaco times, and, and in Mesopotamia and Egypt, consistently as a symbol of the creator god." (Heyerdahl 2)

The 'jaguar' appears immediately after 'reed' in the Mayan (and Aztec) 20-day calendar. 20 stations there are in the night and day calendar of P. On Easter Island kohe corresponded to bamboo, similar to reed. But also sugar-cane (tôa) is similar to reed. Could the 'reed' (called toa by Metoro) be the 'yipwon' ~ Pa5-26?

But that was the glyph I had proposed for the 'cat', Te Kioe Uri. Shouldn't the 'cat' arrive somewhat later (as in the Mayan / Aztec calendars)?

According to Barthel 2 Te Kioe Uri was connected with Vinapu:

"The cult place of Vinapu is located between the fifth and sixth segment of the dream voyage of Hau Maka. These segments, named 'Te Kioe Uri' (inland from Vinapu) and 'Te Piringa Aniva' (near Hanga Pau Kura) flank Vinapu from both the west and the east.

The decoded meaning of the names 'the dark rat' (i.e., the island king as the recipient of gifts) and 'the gathering place of the island population' (for the purpose of presenting the island king with gifts) links them with the month 'Maro' which is June.

Thus, the last month of the Easter Island year is twice mentioned with Vinapu. Also, June is the month of the summer [a misprint for winter] solstice, which again points to the possibility that the Vinapu complex was used for astronomical purposes."

Te Kioe Uri indicates the ruler at winter solstice, when sun is furthest away from - and north of - the equator. The distance is about 23.5o, which corresponds to about 6.5 % of the circle. 6.5 % of 24 hours is ca 1½ hour. 6.5 % of 28 kuhane stations is not quite 2 stations. That fact that Te Kioe Uri is 4 stations away from the start line in form of 3 islets cannot be explained by 23.5o.

It would, though, be more logical to measure the double time-space, the intertropical distance. Thereby we get ca 47o corresponding to about 13 % of the circle, about 3 hours and about 3½ kuhane-stations. Maybe those 3 hours could be said to correspond to the 3 islets?

Over a year, however, the circuit measures twice 47o or ca 26 % of the circle, about 6 hours and about 7 kuhane-stations, all three numbers resulting from this procedure reverberating with associations. 26, e.g., is the number of fortnights in a year.

The full circuit (47o) not only gives the most interesting results, but would also be consistent with the idea that the new year is being born in those 5 extracalendrical nights (365-360) - the reflection of which we are here consideringen as an explanation for the darkest period of the 'day'.

Those 4 dark night stations might, though, possibly indicate the (end of) the 4th quarter.

I have a hunch that originally the 'dark' (uri) 'rat' (kioe) was neither a rat nor a cat but a red panda:

"Its Western name is taken from a Himalayan language, possibly Nepali, but its meaning is now being worked on. One theory is that 'panda' is an anglicisation of poonya, which means 'eater of bamboo' ..." (Internet. Wikipedia)

The eater of bamboo could possibly be translated into this common calendrical glyph type (which Heyerdahl was referring to):

"Several Asian cultures, including that of the Andaman Islands, believe that humanity emerged from a bamboo stem. In the Philippine creation myth, legend tells that the first man and the first woman were split open from a bamboo stem that emerged on an island created after the battle of the elemental forces (Sky and Ocean).

In Malaysian legends a similar story includes a man who dreams of a beautiful woman while sleeping under a bamboo plant; he wakes up and breaks the bamboo stem, discovering the woman inside.

The Japanese folktale "Tale of the Bamboo Cutter" (Taketori Monogatari) tells of a princess from the Moon emerging from a shining bamboo section.

Hawaiian bamboo ('ohe) is a kinolau or body form of the Polynesian creator god Kane.

An ancient Vietnamese legend tells of a poor, young farmer who fell in love with his landlord's beautiful daughter. The farmer asked the landlord for his daughter's hand in marriage, but the proud landlord would not allow her to be bound in marriage to a poor farmer. The landlord decided to foil the marriage with an impossible deal; the farmer must bring him a "bamboo tree of one-hundred sections". The benevolent god Bụt appeared to the farmer and told him that such a tree could be made from one-hundred sections from several different trees. Bụt gave the him four magic words to attach the many sections of bamboo: 'Khắc nhập, khắc xuất', which means "put in immediately, take out immediately". The triumphant farmer returned to the landlord and demanded his daughter. The story ends with the happy marriage of the farmer and the landlord's daughter." (Internet. Wikipedia)

Which all reminds me about Makoi, we should continue with his exploits:

"When it grew light Makoi arose again. He went off to further explore the area. He went along and came to the 'dark rat'. He looked around and said: 'Here we are at the dark rat of Hau Maka'. He gave it the name 'Te Kioe Uri A Hau Maka'.

He went on and came to Te Piringa Aniva. When he arrived there, he looked around and gave the name 'Te Piringa Aniva'.

He went on and came to Te Pei, looked around, and said 'Here it is!' So he gave the name 'Te Pei A Hau Maka'. He went on, all alone he went on, and came to Te Pou. When he arrived there, he looked around and again said: 'Here it is!' and gave the name 'Te Pou A Hau Maka'. He sat down and rested. There was no bride-donor (tumu) to live with (? kia ora)."

Pei

Grooves, still visible on the steep slopes of some hills, anciently used as toboggans. People used to slide down them seated on banana-tree barks. This pastime, very popular, was called pei-âmo. Vanaga.

Like, as; pei ra, thus, like that; such, the same as; pei na, thus, like that; pei ra ta matou, proverb; pei ra hoki, likeness, similitude; pei ra tau, system; pei ra hoki ta matou, usage. PS Sa.: pei, thus. This is particuarly interesting as preserving one of the primordial speech elements. It is a composite, pe as, and i as demonstrative expressive of that which is within sight; therefore the locution signifies clearly as-this. Churchill

Amo, âmo

Amo. To carry on one's shoulders: O Yetú i-amo-ai te tatauró ki ruga ki-te maúga Kalvario. Jesus carried his cross up to the Calvary. Amoga, bundle; to tie in a bundle: he-amoga i te hukahuka, to tie a bundle of wood. Vanaga.

1. A yoke, to carry; amoga, burden, load.  2. To bend, to beat a path. Churchill.

Âmo. 1. To clean, to clean oneself: he-âmo i te umu, to clean the earth oven; ka-âmo te hare, ka haka-maitaki, clean the house, make it good; he-âmo i te ariga, to clean one's face wetting it with one's hand. 2. Clear; ku-âmo-á te ragi, the sky is clear. 3. To slip, to slide, to glide (see pei-âmo). Ámoámo, to lick up, to lap up, to dry; to slap one's body dry (after swimming or bathing): he-âmoâmo i te vaihai rima. Vanaga.

Amoamo. 1. To feed, to graze. 2. To spread, to stretch (used of keete). Churchill.

Kete

Purse, basket (made of sugarcane leaves or of totora) kete hakaraka, gift of regalo formerly made to a newborn baby's mother. (See, in the traditions, the text entitled "Hens for a Baby's Good Luck"). The exact meaning of this word is unclear. Ketekete, book of cigarette papers; omasum, psalterium (ruminant's stomach). Vanaga.

Sack, basket, case, bag, satchel (keete); kete iti, satchel. P Mq.: kete, ete, sack, bag, basket. Ta.: ete, id. Churchill.

At new year the earth oven and the house should be cleaned out (Te Pei). Then a new fire should be alighted (Te Pou). Sirius is the light bringer.

"During the time when taboos were strictly adhered to, the first day that the Sun came out was marked by the belief that the whole community must start a new life, so the children of the camp would go to each household to blow out the flames of the qulliq.

After the lamps had been extinguished the old wicks were removed and a new wick set in place and then the lamp would be relit." (Arctic Sky)

I think we should reinterpret these nuclear glyphs:

Pa5-22 Pa5-23 Pa5-24 Pa5-25

In Pa5-24 we maybe can observe the new light expected; 7 marks around the bulb on top of the appendix might allude to the tapa mea of next day.

In Pa5-23 we have maro (= end) with 5 marks, presumably alluding to the 5 'dark nights' at the time between two years. We have also a very clear sign of 'closing', an unusual variant of Y where the two ends not are open.

In Pa5-22 we ought to observe the 'cleaning out' of the old 'year'. I guess that such an idea would allude to the cleaning out of the dead body, converting it to a dry mummy, thereby enabling the new life to emerge out of its 'ashes'.At left we can see a piece of a henua, as if being engulfed by the toa. The appendix is of the nuku type, presumably telling about the coming new 'land' (= the day).

The 'engulfing' sign we maybe saw earlier, in the 2nd period of the day, e.g. in Pa5-44:

where it could mean the 'swallowing' of the night which has ended.