TRANSLATIONS
Next page with underpages:
4.
Polynesia lies mainly below the equator, and instead of a
list of birds thriving on land (like the birds corresponding to the
Ogham letters according to The White Goddess) a list of birds above the
water of the sea is more appropriate. The 'waterline' can be
imagined as the equator.
The form of the cycle
of sun light is anyhow the same, and it looks like a door
(dolmen):
The vowels are below ground but the consonants mark the advance of light.
The letter of the thrush (SS) marks the corner where spring turns
into summer. Next corner, when summer turns into autumn, is above
marked with the letter CC, but in another version it becomes Q:
"Aug. 6 - Sept. 2 - C - (corr, crane); cron,
brown. Why is the Crane in the next place? Not hard. This is the
month of wisdom, and the wisdom of Manannan Mac Lir, namely the
Beth-Luis-Nion, was wrapped in Crane-skin. And brown are the nuts of
the Hazel, tree of wisdom.
The same - Q - querc, hen; quiar,
mouse-coloured. Why is the Hen joined with the Crane? Not hard. When
the harvest is carted, and the gleaners have gone, the Hen is turned
into the cornfields to fatten on what she can find. And a
Mouse-coloured little rival creeps around with her." (The White
Goddess).
The original 13 consonants above when added to the 5 basic vowels
measure out 18 periods for the cycle of the sun (with 20 days in
each). But in the bird list of Manuscript E there are 12
'consonants' only, according to my reconstruction:
kukuru toua |
? |
makohe |
frigate |
kena |
booby |
tavake |
redtailed tropic bird |
ascending |
|
descending |
ka
araara |
sooty tern |
ruru |
black petrel |
te verovero |
d:o |
taiko |
kava eoeo |
d:o |
kumara |
white tern |
pi riuriu |
d:o |
kiakia |
tavi |
small lead-coloured tern |
tuao |
dark brown tern |
tuvi |
gray tern |
The male 'fire stick' (teka) is spelled
out by verovero and araara, which correspond to
the letters N
and F. The 'thrush' will in the Easter Island sea bird list be
kukuru toua.
The 13 consonants
are on 'land' and the the
hawk (S) is number 5. Then follow H, D, T, and C (the
crane) before the descending phase arrives. 5 means the 'fire'
of Spring Sun. Then follows the time of Moon (which is
described in 2 further phases - the 'Tree' and waning).
Manuscript E has 4 + 4 + 4 instead of 5 + 4 + 4. The central
'lintel' carries 4 items in both cases, but instead of 5 for
Spring Sun the Easter Island list has 4 (Moon), presumably because
of the
location of the island (below the tropical belt of Sun). The last pair of the manu tara juveniles (te
verovero and ka
araara) corresponds to letters N and F, and - remarkably - here we
find a sea bird:
"Mar. 19 - Apr. 15 - F - faelinn, gull;
flann, crimson. Why is the Gull in the next phase? Not hard.
In this month Gulls congregate on the ploughed fields. And
Crimson is the colour the the glainn, the magical egg
which is found in this month, and of alder-dye, and of the Young
Sun struggling through the haze." (The White Goddess)
Possibly kukuru toua is not a sea bird but
a pigeon. If so, it would mirror the gull on land, serve as a
mark. A pigeon is no warrior (hakatoua), rather the
opposite, a bird of peace. Toua might instead allude to
the Tahitian toau, a sign of finality based on counting:
Takau
Mgv.: ten
pairs. Ta.: toau, id. Mq.: tekau, id.
To.: tekau, id. Ma.: tekau, ten.
Churchill. |
Toau = 2 * 10 = 20 together with the
preceding tekau (formed by te verovero and ka
araara) are interpretations which support each other.10 periods
of Spring Sun are followed by Moon periods (20 nights in
each). The 'dart', teka, is followed by taka, the
'circle':
Taka
Taka,
takataka.
Circle; to form circles, to gather, to get together
(of people). Vanaga.
1. A dredge. P Mgv.:
akataka,
to fish all day or all night with the line, to throw
the fishing line here and there. This can only apply
to some sort of net used in fishing. We find in
Samoa ta'ā a
small fishing line, Tonga taka the short line
attached to fish hooks, Futuna taka-taka a
fishing party of women in the reef pools (net),
Maori takā the thread by which the fishhook
is fastened to the line, Hawaii kaa in the
same sense, Marquesas takako a badly spun
thread, Mangareva takara a thread for
fastening the bait on the hook. 2. Ruddy. 3. Wheel,
arch; takataka, ball, spherical, round,
circle, oval, to roll in a circle, wheel, circular
piece of wood, around; miro takataka, bush;
haga takataka, to disjoin; hakatakataka,
to round, to concentrate. P Pau.: fakatakataka,
to whirl around. Mq.: taka, to gird. Ta.:
taa, circular piece which connects the frame of
a house. Churchill.
Takai,
a curl, to tie; takaikai, to lace up;
takaitakai, to coil. P Pau.: takai, a
ball, to tie. Mgv.: takai, a circle, ring,
hoop, to go around a thing. Mq.: takai, to
voyage around. Ta.: taai, to make into a
ball, to attach. Churchill. |
There are only 3 'vowels' (he tuvi,
he tuao and he tavi), but presumably we
should count also manu tara erua at the top of the
bird list in order to reach 5. In
a cycle the beginning connects to the end.
The
central bird in the triplet is tuao, a name looking
like an 'inverted' toau. Counting forward 9 steps from
tuao we will reach kukuru toua - given that we
also count manu tara erua:
0 |
tuvi |
gray tern |
1 |
tuao |
dark brown tern |
2 |
tavi |
small lead-coloured tern |
3 |
manu
tara erua |
sooty tern |
4 |
sooty tern |
5 |
pi riuriu |
sooty tern |
6 |
kava eoeo |
sooty tern |
7 |
te verovero |
sooty tern |
8 |
ka
araara |
sooty tern |
9 |
kukuru toua |
white pigeon? |
10 |
makohe |
frigate |
Maybe tuao should be read as tu-ao.
Ao is the 'day from dawn
to dusk'. A symmetry with to-ua can be perceived, with
ua (rain) arriving after ao.
Ua
does not correspond to the tears of those who are lamenting the
death of the ao 'bird'. Instead it is the god himself who
is 'weeping, and I suggest the following translation:
ka riti te hupee |
How the 'sap' flows (?)! |
o te kukuru toua |
Kukuru toua |
eve pepepepe |
with a very short tail. |
The 'nose' of ao depicts the trunk of
the 'Tree'. In ua we can see that the 'trunk' has
been cut across and how the sky roof (the 'lintel') has
collapsed:
|
Ogham texts were written from bottom up and from left to right, i.e.
in a way reminiscent of how rongorongo was written.
"The more ancient
examples are standing stones, where the script was carved into the
edge (droim or faobhar) of the stone, which formed the
stemline against which individual characters are cut. The text of
these 'Orthodox Ogham' inscriptions is read beginning from the
bottom left-hand side of a stone, continuing upward along the edge,
across the top and down the right-hand side (in the case of long
inscriptions)." (Wikipedia)
Each sign consisted of a number of short straight lines, like
tally-marks, and these marks were carved across or at the edges. Two
versions will exemplify:
The irregular marks for Z and Q (or Q and Z) correspond to the
position of the thrush (SS) respectively to CC (cfr the picture on
the preceding page).
I guess Q in the top
version is not a letter which has dropped down from the 'lintel' but
instead reflects S (the hawk) in keeping the lintel horizontal. In between the Sun King
will be hidden among the
branches of the 'Tree'.
Z is 'falling on his
face' in the top version and in the bottom version Q has the central
vertical line cut short. Both signs apparently indicate the fate of Spring Sun.
Both versions also had
11 ('one more') as the sum of M, G, NG, and R,
which agrees with how the next year cycle began with high summer. The 4 original 'lintel'
letters measure out 10.
The pictures are from The White Goddess and the peculiar
additions of Z and Q (or SS and CC) are explained thus by Graves:
"There is a reference in
Amergin's song to the 'secrets of the unhewn dolmen'. It will be
seen that there is room for an extra letter at each corner of the
dolmen arch which I constructed to elucidate the reference to Oghams
being nicked on the edges, not painted on the face, of the stones.
It will be observed that
the seventh to eleventh letters of this alphabet, which follow the
same sequence in the Boibel-Loth, are the letters H.D.T.C.Q. These
letters, as Sir John Rhys has pointed out, form the initials of the
Old Goidelic numerals, from one to five: a hoina, a duou,
a teri, a ccetuour, a qquenque, which
correspond very nearly to the Latin numerals unum, duo,
tres, quattuor, quinque. This may explain why
the inventors of the Boibel-Loth made H.D.T.C.Q. the central five
letters of the alphabet and transferred Z to a position between NG
and R.
Yet the ancientness of
the Old Goidelic numerals suggests that in the original
Beth-Luis-Nion finger alphabet the first flight of consonants - the
Spring months - numbered only five, not six, to allow H.D.T.C.Q. to
form the second or Summer series, and that Z was therefore reckoned
to the last series, the Winter series ..."
Possibly H.D.T.C.Q. had T as the central midsummer letter,
in agreement with the form of the oak after it had been lopped to
the shape of T:
... At mid-summer, at
the end of a half-year reign, Hercules is made drunk with mead and
led into the middle of a circle of twelve stones arranged around an
oak, in front of which stands an altar-stone; the oak has been
lopped until it is T-shaped ... And T would have been consonant number 8.
... The joints are
roasted at twin fires of oak-loppings, kindled with sacred fire
preserved from a lightning-blasted oak or made by twirling an alder-
or cornel-wood fire-drill in an oak log. The trunk is then uprooted
and split into faggots which are added to the flames. The twelve
merry-men rush in a wild figure-of-eight dance around the fires ...
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Support for my suggestion to add 2 manu
tara birds in order to reach 5 (the new 'fire' needed at winter
solstice) is found at the end on page 71 in Manuscript E:
5
|
erima
takaure manu tara
|
|
72) |
he
manu tara.erua kauatu te huru.i too mai ai |
20 |
he pi
riuriu |
a Teke. a
Oti |
20 |
he kava
eoeo |
a Teke. a
Oti |
20 |
he
te
verovero |
a Teke. a
Oti |
20 |
he
ka
araara |
a Teke. a
Oti |
20 |
he kukuru
toua |
a Teke. a
Oti |
20 |
he makohe |
a Teke. a
Oti |
Overcrossed are 5 sooty tern 'spirits' (takaure). I think
this was intended as a sign to draw the attention of the reader to
number 5 and to the non-presence (as yet) of the arrival of
'daylight' (ao).
A Teke. a Oti are not mentioned at manu
tara. This is probably another sign to be deciphered, and it
could be another way to underline they belong 'in the
Underworld' (are 'vowels'):
kukuru toua |
? |
makohe |
frigate |
kena |
booby |
tavake |
redtailed tropic bird |
ascending |
|
descending |
ka
araara |
sooty tern |
ruru |
black petrel |
te verovero |
d:o |
taiko |
kava eoeo |
d:o |
kumara |
white tern |
pi riuriu |
d:o |
kiakia |
manu tara erua |
2 sooty terns |
tavi |
small lead-coloured tern |
tuao |
dark brown tern |
tuvi |
gray tern |
By presenting them as a pair it is possible to read
the Sun cycle either as 360 + 4 or as 365. We can now also perceive 5 as the sum of a pair of
tu birds (tuvi followed by tuao) and 3 ta
birds.
As to the meaning of a
Teke. a Oti a separate page is needed.
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There is a pair of 10 for each kind of bird and
there is also a pair of names (Teke and Oti) for each
bird name. For Sun time was measured up to 10 only, presumably
because there are no more fingers. Moon has 2 'legs', though. And Easter Island lies
out of the reach for zenith Sun.
Wordplay can construct teke as something else
(ke) than teka (the 'dart of fire'). I.e. Waxing Moon
could have been named te-ke.
Oti is very similar to koti:
Koti
Kotikoti. To cut with scissors
(since this is an old word and scissors do not seem to
have existed, it must mean something of the kind).
Vanaga.
Kotikoti. To tear; kokoti,
to cut, to chop, to hew, to cleave, to assassinate, to
amputate, to scar, to notch, to carve, to use a knife,
to cut off, to lop, to gash, to mow, to saw; kokotiga
kore, indivisible; kokotihaga, cutting, gash
furrow. P Pau.: koti, to chop. Mgv.: kotikoti,
to cut, to cut into bands or slices; kokoti, to
cut, to saw; akakotikoti, a ray, a streak, a
stripe, to make bars. Mq.: koti, oti, to
cut, to divide. Ta.: oóti, to cut, to carve;
otióti, to cut fine. Churchill.
Pau.: Koti, to gush, to spout.
Ta.: oti, to rebound, to fall back. Kotika,
cape, headland. Ta.: otiá, boundary, limit.
Churchill. |
Oti
To come to an end; to suffice, to be
enough: ku-oti-á, it is finished; ina kai oti
mo kai, there is not enough to eat; he-oti á,
there isn't anymore left, it's the last one; it's enough
with that. Vanaga.
Ta.: 1. Oti, presage of death.
Sa.: oti, to die. 2. To cut. Mq.: koti,
oti, id. Sa.: 'oti, id. Ma.: koti, id.
Churchill |
The 'death' of Moon surely must be at the end of the waning
phase.
The order of the Month is waxing followed by waning,
i.e. teke - oti. Each bird name in the list represents
a month and therefore a Teke. a Oti.
The parent birds (manu tara.erua) do not partake in the cycle of waxing and waning. Not until they have produced
offspring can the spring light come.
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