TRANSLATIONS

next page previous page up home

Next page with underpages:

 

4. Polynesia lies mainly below the equator, and instead of a list of birds thriving on land (like the birds corresponding to the Ogham letters according to The White Goddess) a list of birds above the water of the sea is more appropriate. The 'waterline' can be imagined as the equator.

The form of the cycle of sun light is anyhow the same, and it looks like a door (dolmen):

The vowels are below ground but the consonants mark the advance of light. The letter of the thrush (SS) marks the corner where spring turns into summer. Next corner, when summer turns into autumn, is above marked with the letter CC, but in another version it becomes Q:

"Aug. 6 - Sept. 2 - C - (corr, crane); cron, brown. Why is the Crane in the next place? Not hard. This is the month of wisdom, and the wisdom of Manannan Mac Lir, namely the Beth-Luis-Nion, was wrapped in Crane-skin. And brown are the nuts of the Hazel, tree of wisdom.

The same - Q - querc, hen; quiar, mouse-coloured. Why is the Hen joined with the Crane? Not hard. When the harvest is carted, and the gleaners have gone, the Hen is turned into the cornfields to fatten on what she can find. And a Mouse-coloured little rival creeps around with her." (The White Goddess).

The original 13 consonants above when added to the 5 basic vowels measure out 18 periods for the cycle of the sun (with 20 days in each). But in the bird list of Manuscript E there are 12 'consonants' only, according to my reconstruction:

kukuru toua ? makohe frigate kena booby tavake redtailed tropic bird
ascending   descending
ka araara sooty tern ruru black petrel
te verovero d:o taiko
kava eoeo d:o kumara white tern
pi riuriu d:o kiakia
tavi small lead-coloured tern tuao dark brown tern tuvi gray tern

The male 'fire stick' (teka) is spelled out by verovero and araara, which correspond to the letters N and F. The 'thrush' will in the Easter Island sea bird list be kukuru toua.

The 13 consonants are on 'land' and the the hawk (S) is number 5. Then follow H, D, T, and C (the crane) before the descending phase arrives. 5 means the 'fire' of Spring Sun. Then follows the time of Moon (which is described in 2 further phases - the 'Tree' and waning).

Manuscript E has 4 + 4 + 4 instead of 5 + 4 + 4. The central 'lintel' carries 4 items in both cases, but instead of 5 for Spring Sun the Easter Island list has 4 (Moon), presumably because of the location of the island (below the tropical belt of Sun).

The last pair of the manu tara juveniles (te verovero and ka araara) corresponds to letters N and F, and - remarkably - here we find a sea bird:

"Mar. 19 - Apr. 15 - F - faelinn, gull; flann, crimson. Why is the Gull in the next phase? Not hard. In this month Gulls congregate on the ploughed fields. And Crimson is the colour the the glainn, the magical egg which is found in this month, and of alder-dye, and of the Young Sun struggling through the haze." (The White Goddess)

Possibly kukuru toua is not a sea bird but a pigeon. If so, it would mirror the gull on land, serve as a mark. A pigeon is no warrior (hakatoua), rather the opposite, a bird of peace. Toua might instead allude to the Tahitian toau, a sign of finality based on counting:

Takau

Mgv.: ten pairs. Ta.: toau, id. Mq.: tekau, id. To.: tekau, id. Ma.: tekau, ten. Churchill.

Toau = 2 * 10 = 20 together with the preceding tekau (formed by te verovero and ka araara) are interpretations which support each other.10 periods of Spring Sun are followed by Moon periods (20 nights in each). The 'dart', teka, is followed by taka, the 'circle':

Taka

Taka, takataka. Circle; to form circles, to gather, to get together (of people). Vanaga.

1. A dredge. P Mgv.: akataka, to fish all day or all night with the line, to throw the fishing line here and there. This can only apply to some sort of net used in fishing. We find in Samoa ta'ā a small fishing line, Tonga taka the short line attached to fish hooks, Futuna taka-taka a fishing party of women in the reef pools (net), Maori takā the thread by which the fishhook is fastened to the line, Hawaii kaa in the same sense, Marquesas takako a badly spun thread, Mangareva takara a thread for fastening the bait on the hook. 2. Ruddy. 3. Wheel, arch; takataka, ball, spherical, round, circle, oval, to roll in a circle, wheel, circular piece of wood, around; miro takataka, bush; haga takataka, to disjoin; hakatakataka, to round, to concentrate. P Pau.: fakatakataka, to whirl around. Mq.: taka, to gird. Ta.: taa, circular piece which connects the frame of a house. Churchill.

Takai, a curl, to tie; takaikai, to lace up; takaitakai, to coil. P Pau.: takai, a ball, to tie. Mgv.: takai, a circle, ring, hoop, to go around a thing. Mq.: takai, to voyage around. Ta.: taai, to make into a ball, to attach. Churchill.

There are only 3 'vowels' (he tuvi, he tuao and he tavi), but presumably we should count also manu tara erua at the top of the bird list in order to reach 5. In a cycle the beginning connects to the end.

The central bird in the triplet is tuao, a name looking like an 'inverted' toau. Counting forward 9 steps from tuao we will reach kukuru toua - given that we also count manu tara erua:

0 tuvi gray tern
1 tuao dark brown tern
2 tavi small lead-coloured tern
3 manu tara erua sooty tern
4 sooty tern
5 pi riuriu sooty tern
6 kava eoeo sooty tern
7 te verovero sooty tern
8 ka araara sooty tern
9 kukuru toua white pigeon?
10 makohe frigate

Maybe tuao should be read as tu-ao. Ao is the 'day from dawn to dusk'. A symmetry with to-ua can be perceived, with ua (rain) arriving after ao.

Ua does not correspond to the tears of those who are lamenting the death of the ao 'bird'. Instead it is the god himself who is 'weeping, and I suggest the following translation:

ka riti te hupee How the 'sap' flows (?)!
o te kukuru toua Kukuru toua
eve pepepepe with a very short tail.

The 'nose' of ao depicts the trunk of the 'Tree'. In ua we can see that the 'trunk' has been cut across and how the sky roof (the 'lintel') has collapsed:

 

Ogham texts were written from bottom up and from left to right, i.e. in a way reminiscent of how rongorongo was written.

"The more ancient examples are standing stones, where the script was carved into the edge (droim or faobhar) of the stone, which formed the stemline against which individual characters are cut. The text of these 'Orthodox Ogham' inscriptions is read beginning from the bottom left-hand side of a stone, continuing upward along the edge, across the top and down the right-hand side (in the case of long inscriptions)." (Wikipedia)

Each sign consisted of a number of short straight lines, like tally-marks, and these marks were carved across or at the edges. Two versions will exemplify:

The irregular marks for Z and Q (or Q and Z) correspond to the position of the thrush (SS) respectively to CC (cfr the picture on the preceding page).

I guess Q in the top version is not a letter which has dropped down from the 'lintel' but instead reflects S (the hawk) in keeping the lintel horizontal. In between the Sun King will be hidden among the branches of the 'Tree'.

Z is 'falling on his face' in the top version and in the bottom version Q has the central vertical line cut short. Both signs apparently indicate the fate of Spring Sun.

Both versions also had 11  ('one more') as the sum of M, G, NG, and R, which agrees with how the next year cycle began with high summer. The 4 original 'lintel' letters measure out 10.

The pictures are from The White Goddess and the peculiar additions of Z and Q (or SS and CC) are explained thus by Graves:

"There is a reference in Amergin's song to the 'secrets of the unhewn dolmen'. It will be seen that there is room for an extra letter at each corner of the dolmen arch which I constructed to elucidate the reference to Oghams being nicked on the edges, not painted on the face, of the stones.

It will be observed that the seventh to eleventh letters of this alphabet, which follow the same sequence in the Boibel-Loth, are the letters H.D.T.C.Q. These letters, as Sir John Rhys has pointed out, form the initials of the Old Goidelic numerals, from one to five: a hoina, a duou, a teri, a ccetuour, a qquenque, which correspond very nearly to the Latin numerals unum, duo, tres, quattuor, quinque. This may explain why the inventors of the Boibel-Loth made H.D.T.C.Q. the central five letters of the alphabet and transferred Z to a position between NG and R.

Yet the ancientness of the Old Goidelic numerals suggests that in the original Beth-Luis-Nion finger alphabet the first flight of consonants - the Spring months - numbered only five, not six, to allow H.D.T.C.Q. to form the second or Summer series, and that Z was therefore reckoned to the last series, the Winter series ..."

Possibly H.D.T.C.Q. had T as the central midsummer letter, in agreement with the form of the oak after it had been lopped to the shape of T:

... At mid-summer, at the end of a half-year reign, Hercules is made drunk with mead and led into the middle of a circle of twelve stones arranged around an oak, in front of which stands an altar-stone; the oak has been lopped until it is T-shaped ...

And T would have been consonant number 8.

... The joints are roasted at twin fires of oak-loppings, kindled with sacred fire preserved from a lightning-blasted oak or made by twirling an alder- or cornel-wood fire-drill in an oak log. The trunk is then uprooted and split into faggots which are added to the flames. The twelve merry-men rush in a wild figure-of-eight dance around the fires ...

 

 

Support for my suggestion to add 2 manu tara birds in order to reach 5 (the new 'fire' needed at winter solstice) is found at the end on page 71 in Manuscript E:

5

erima takaure manu tara

 

72)

he manu tara.erua kauatu te huru.i too mai ai

20

he pi riuriu

a Teke. a Oti

20

he kava eoeo

a Teke. a Oti

20

he te verovero

a Teke. a Oti

20

he ka araara

a Teke. a Oti

20

he kukuru toua

a Teke. a Oti

20

he makohe

a Teke. a Oti

Overcrossed are 5 sooty tern 'spirits' (takaure). I think this was intended as a sign to draw the attention of the reader to number 5 and to the non-presence (as yet) of the arrival of 'daylight' (ao).

A Teke. a Oti are not mentioned at manu tara. This is probably another sign to be deciphered, and it could be another way to underline they belong 'in the Underworld' (are 'vowels'):

kukuru toua ? makohe frigate kena booby tavake redtailed tropic bird
ascending   descending
ka araara sooty tern ruru black petrel
te verovero d:o taiko
kava eoeo d:o kumara white tern
pi riuriu d:o kiakia
manu tara erua 2 sooty terns tavi small lead-coloured tern tuao dark brown tern tuvi gray tern

By presenting them as a pair it is possible to read the Sun cycle either as 360 + 4 or as 365. We can now also perceive 5 as the sum of a pair of tu birds (tuvi followed by tuao) and 3 ta birds.

As to the meaning of a Teke. a Oti a separate page is needed.

 

 

There is a pair of 10 for each kind of bird and there is also a pair of names (Teke and Oti) for each bird name. For Sun time was measured up to 10 only, presumably because there are no more fingers. Moon has 2 'legs', though. And Easter Island lies out of the reach for zenith Sun.

Wordplay can construct teke as something else (ke) than teka (the 'dart of fire'). I.e. Waxing Moon could have been named te-ke.

Oti is very similar to koti:

Koti

Kotikoti. To cut with scissors (since this is an old word and scissors do not seem to have existed, it must mean something of the kind). Vanaga.

Kotikoti. To tear; kokoti, to cut, to chop, to hew, to cleave, to assassinate, to amputate, to scar, to notch, to carve, to use a knife, to cut off, to lop, to gash, to mow, to saw; kokotiga kore, indivisible; kokotihaga, cutting, gash furrow. P Pau.: koti, to chop. Mgv.: kotikoti, to cut, to cut into bands or slices; kokoti, to cut, to saw; akakotikoti, a ray, a streak, a stripe, to make bars. Mq.: koti, oti, to cut, to divide. Ta.: oóti, to cut, to carve; otióti, to cut fine. Churchill.

Pau.: Koti, to gush, to spout. Ta.: oti, to rebound, to fall back. Kotika, cape, headland. Ta.: otiá, boundary, limit. Churchill.

Oti

To come to an end; to suffice, to be enough: ku-oti-á, it is finished; ina kai oti mo kai, there is not enough to eat; he-oti á, there isn't anymore left, it's the last one; it's enough with that. Vanaga.

Ta.: 1. Oti, presage of death. Sa.: oti, to die. 2. To cut. Mq.: koti, oti, id. Sa.: 'oti, id. Ma.: koti, id. Churchill

The 'death' of Moon surely must be at the end of the waning phase.

The order of the Month is waxing followed by waning, i.e. teke - oti. Each bird name in the list represents a month and therefore a Teke. a Oti.

The parent birds (manu tara.erua) do not partake in the cycle of waxing and waning. Not until they have produced offspring can the spring light come.