TRANSLATIONS

TRANSLATIONS

The rest of the pages from the link 'vai names':

39)
14	hatu ngoio a taotao ika.
15	*ara koreu a pari maehaeha.*
16	*hanga kuokuo a vave renga.*
17	*Opata roa a mana aia.*
18	*vai tara kai u(a) a ngao roaroa a ngao tokotokoa.*
19	*hia uka a hakairiiri a hakaturuturu.*
20	*hanga ohiro a pakipaki renga.*
21	*ko roto kahi a touo renga.*
22	*ko papa kahi a roro.*
23	*ko puna a tuki a hauhau renga*
24	*ko ehu ko mahatua a piki rangi a hakakihikihi mahina*
25	*ko maunga teatea a pua katiki.*
26	*ko te hakarava a hakanohonoho.*
27	*ko hanga nui a te papa tata ika.*
28	*ko tongariki a henga eha tunu kioe hakaputiti.ai*
	*ka haka punenenene henua mo opoopo o tau kioe*
29	*ko te rano a raraku.*
30	~~*ko oparingi a a uuri*~~
31	*~~ko motu kumu koka a kaoa~~*

Here there are 32 lines, and the numbers of the lines and items possibly suggest Moon. In the last nights of her cycle she is 'bathing' in the rays from Sun and cannot be seen. Therefore, I guess, items 30-31 have been 'made invisible'.

Ra'a (Sun, day) is not mentioned on this page. But Ohiro (the first night of the month) is mentioned in item 20. Hanga Ohiro could be the end station of Moon, similar to how the 16th kuhane station Hanga Takaure apparently is the end station of winter ('takaure').

According to the Gilbert Islanders the month should be counted only up to 20 nights, and if the first night is Ohiro, then the 20th should be Hanga Ohiro. Haga is a bay for anchorage.

Mahina in item 24 means Moon.

The 4th item on this page (number 17) begins with a capital letter (Opata roa a mana aia.) and so does the 4th item on the preceding page (Okahu a uka ui hetuu.) Certainly this is a sign, but what does it mean? The preceding number 16 should be the last of its kind, and it is also a hanga item:

3	*hanga roa a tuki tukau*	16	*hanga kuokuo a vave renga.*
4	*Okahu a uka ui hetuu.*	17	*Opata roa a mana aia.*

The meaning of haga becomes more and more certain, it indicates the 'end station' of some season. An overview of the geographical distribution of the main 'anchorage' places of the island shows there are quite many:

Hanga Roa ('Long Bay') is the capital of the island and Hanga Piko ('navel' in Hawaiian) lies not far to the south from there. Hanga Ohio (item 20) is in northeast, close to Anakena, and Hanga Ho'onu is further to the southeast, close to Te Pito te Kura (another 'navel' place).

Hanga Nui ('Great Bay'), mentioned in item 27, lies in the southeast, close to Tongariki. Page 39 seems to go from the cape in the north down to Poike in the southeastern corner, ending in Rano Raraku. Hanga Kuokuo is not to be seen on the map, but according to Barthel 2 it lies to the west of Hanga Oteo (at the top of the map).

Hanga Maihiku, to the west from Hanga Nui, is item 33 (cfr on page 40 of the manuscript) and Hanga Tetenga (item 36) lies even further to the west. It is evident that there is a correlation between the 3 pages and the 3 sides of the island:

38)	39)	40)
*2 ko hanga o uo* *a vave renga.*	*16 hanga kuokuo a vave renga.*	*33 hanga maihiku a papa hakakiva.*
*3 hanga roa a tuki tukau*	*20 hanga ohiro a pakipaki renga.*	*36 hanga tetenga a ure ngorengore*
	*27 ko hanga nui a te papa tata ika.*	39 *akahanga a hare hakamahangahanga.*

Hanga O Uo is located (according to Barthel 2) 'a short distance north of Apina Iti' (i.e. a little to the south of Hanga Roa). This place must be special because it has 2 lines of text, maybe to suggest a division of time. Vave renga occurs at the beginning of page 39 too.

The symmetry in the hanga table above is clear: 2 + 3 + 2 = 7, in all (not counting the obviously special akahanga 'station'), and the journey goes clockwise around the 3 sides of the island. There is no room for a 4th side of the island, yet there are hanga items also on pages 41-42:

41)	42)
*47 e vai e hare hakangaengae i te tahu hanga rikiriki.*	*57 hanga piko a hare rutu manu a ana onono a u ngotangota.*
*48 hanga o maru a vave paupau.*	*58 ata Popohanga toou e to ata hero e*
*50 ko hanga te pau a ira.* *te tini o te kainga a hanga te pau.*

Hanga Te Pau (item 50 and divided in 2 lines) we recognize, presumably it is 'where the light has gone out', i.e. at the end of the year:


Gb5-6 (360)	Gb5-7	Gb5-8	Gb5-9	Gb5-10	Gb5-11	Gb5-12

Geographically speaking it is in the 'vicinity of Vinapu' (Barthel 2). Hanga Rikiriki (47) and Hanga O Maru (48) are located 'in the area east of Hanga Pau Kura' (which bay is located between Vinapu and Akahanga), respectively in a place not identified.

Page 41 contains the geography of the southwestern part of the island, i.e. the coast line in the south has been divided in 2 parts somewhere to the west of Hanga Tetenga (item number 36, significantly).

With page 42 we have rounded the corner in the southwest and Hanga Piko is number 57 on the list. Popohanga 'morning shadow', according to Barthel 2, evidently is different. If we have moved with the moon - from west to east at the beginning of the journey - then the morning light will end the night (domain of Moon) and also the journey, I suppose.

40)
31	*oparingi a uuri*
32	*motu humu koka a mare a kaoa.*
33	*hanga maihiku a papa hakakiva.*
34	*maunga toatoa a veri iri haere.*
35	*ko te pipi koreko a morokiroki.*
36	*hanga tetenga a ure ngorengore*
37	*ahu tutae a hare kava hia.ka hakaruarua ka ha(-) kauaua tamai*
38	*e tai e hia e. e uta e roi e he toou umu ka tao ka maemae i kona era i kona era i oroi aau i ootu ai.*
39	*akahanga a hare hakamahangahanga.*
40	*e raro e hua reva e a veri itiiti a hua a haka(-) revareva a toka mahina*
41	*rua hana a kiri kanakana.*
42	*e tai e puku hotake e a te tini i uta te hare rourou koveka.*
43	~~*vai ngaere a puku hehaheha*~~

Here there is no capital letter. Mahina is mentioned in item 40 (= twice 20), Sun (or day) never. The southern coast line is on the 'night side' of the island, which is a probable explanation.

In analogy with items 30-31 on the preceding page the 43rd item has been 'made invisible' (after item 42 = 3 * 14). Page 40 does not begin with item 30 but with number 31:

39)	40)
*...*	*31 oparingi a uuri*
30 ~~*ko oparingi a a uuri*~~	*32 motu humu koka a mare a kaoa.*
31 *~~ko motu kumu koka a kaoa~~*	*...*

Barthel translates the 'invisibile' name vai ngaere as 'swampy (?) watering place', which is not far from the idea of 'mud' or 'slime' (hupee).

The 'invisible' item 43 recurs fully visible as item 45 on next page, jumping over item 44:

40)	41)
*...*	*44 e tai e teho e ka tao taau ngu e po e kiko e ka tutu tou oone.*
~~*43 vai ngaere a puku hehaheha*~~	*45 vai ngaere a puku hehaheha.*

With the southern coast of the island divided in 2 parts (reflected as names on pages 40 respectively 41), then the division line (a line hard to determine exactly) could be item 44.

41)
44	*e tai e teho e ka tao taau ngu e po e kiko e ka tutu tou oone.*
45	*vai ngaere a puku hehaheha.*
46	*e hue e renga havini e ka rangi atu koe kia nua kia motu roa ka vere mai taau taueve miritonu*
47	*e vai e hare hakangaengae i te tahu hanga rikiriki.*
48	*hanga o maru a vave paupau.*
49	*e uta e maunga marengo e kaa hohora toou kahu ritorito ka romiromi mai*
50	*ko hanga te pau a ira.*
	*te tini o te kainga a hanga te pau.*
51	*rano kau te taki toka hakapiri te vaenga te mu(-) ko.muko.*
52	*mataveri o uta a hare paenga.*
53	*mataveri o tai a taura akavenga nuahine*
54	*vai rapa a hakaremereme*
56	*te vai rutu manu a koro rupa.e haho e hivi e e runga e te puku ohu kahi e.*

The last item has been numbered 56 instead of 55, maybe because the 50th item has 2 lines. At Hanga Te Pau there should be a line of division.

Neither Moon (Mahina) nor Sun (day) is mentioned on this page. Perhaps this fact is connected with Hanga Te Pau (which suggests 'sweet water' has run out). The 50th item is a suitable place because 5 ('fire in the sky') * 10 = 50.

Rano Kau (item 51) comes beyond Hanga Te Pau in a manner not much different from how Rano Raraku (29) comes beyond the last night of luminous Moon:

39)	41)
*29 ko te rano a raraku.*	*51 rano kau te taki toka hakapiri te vaenga te mu(-) ko.muko.*

From Hanga Ohiro (20) to Hanga Te Pau (50) there are 30 items, which could refer to a month measured as 360 / 12.

42)
57	*hanga piko a hare rutu manu a ana onono a Pu ngotangota.*
58	*ata Popohanga toou e to ata hero e*
59	*ata ahiahi toou e honu e*
60	*apina nui a Papa nihoniho a vere nua(-)*
	*nua a Papa o rae i te ngao o te moai o hina(-)*
	*riru*
*ku noho era a a Ira.i apina nui.i tuu mai*
*ai.a makoi.ki apina nui.he nape e Ira*
*i te ingoa.ko apina nui a Papa nihoniho*
*a vere nuanua a Papa o rae i te ngao o te*
*moai o hinariru.*
*ina kai hakamaa Penei e ku naa ana te moai*
*te tuitui reipa.*
*he hoki he oho mai arurua.he oo ki roto ki te ana*
*he noho.he too mai a Ira.i te hau mo te kaikai*
*mo uru.mo hakamaa i a Makoi.i te urunga o te kai(-)*
*kai.*

The cycle closes with item 60 (apina nui ...), and the name connects it to the beginning with item 1 (ko apina iti ...).

The 4 last items are possibly structurally similar to the last 4 nights of the Hawaiian Moon calendar: Kane, Lono, Mauli, and Muku - which in a way belong on next 'front' side, no longer 'down in the water' of the Waning Moon period.

If so, then the 'waning' season in this list of 'place names' ends with item 56, the last one of the preceding page.

To summarize the structure of the 2nd list of place names:

Sun (?)	Moon (?)	Moon ?	old year ?	new year (?)
13	29 - 13 = 16	42 - 30 = 12	56 - 43 = 13	60 - 56 = 4
*58 = 2 29**

The 16th night of the Moon according to the Hawaiian calendar is a day of low tide. I have redmarked the 'ebb items'. It includes first of all the season of Sun, which can be counted e.g. as 13 * 14 = 182 days. To which should be added the end of the preceding 'back side' (from Kane so to say), e.g. as 4 * 29.5 = 118 in order to reach 300 days.

The Moon season should be divided in 2 parts. I guess Moon is 'born' at midsummer and reaches her apex at winter solstice, when there should be a full moon. 16 redmarked items could cover the time from midsummer to winter solstice, and the season of 'Waning Moon' could be 29 - 20 (Hanga Ohiro) = 9 items long. 16 + 9 = 25, and then comes 'Kane'.

If we add the 'invisible' items the table becomes:

Sun (?)	Moon (?)	Moon ?	old year ?	new year (?)
13	16 + 2 = 18	12 + 1 = 13	13	4

And then there is the phenomenon of 4 extra lines in item 2 and 1 extra line in item 50. 58 + 3 + 5 = 66. Are there 2 extra lines also in item 60? If so, then the sum becomes 68.