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But the solution 3 * (4 * 28) + 1 * (4 * 7) + 1¼ = 365¼ may be wrong.

When I earlier documented the rongorongo texts, breaking them into pieces small enough to fit onto a page, I tried to locate the breaks at their natural spots, governed by the clues given in how the flow of different glyphs appeared to me. Often I had no doubt, sometimes I had to decide with a feeling that the break may have been done in the right place.

The suggestion that H/P/Q should have one more glyph at the beginning

A
H
P
Q

does not agree with how I had broken the flow of glyphs. Instead I had presumed that there was a natural flow (without parallels in A or elsewhere) which ended with this glyph:

I still believe the break should be done after the last glyph, not before.

But what is the alternative? To have different fundamental structures, one in A and another in H/P/Q probably is not right either.

1. I remember an idea that Aa1-1 -- 2 could be two introductory glyphs referring to the time before respective after midsummer. The orientation in the shapes of the glyphs agree with this idea:

before midsummer
after midsummer

The 'knees' are oriented at left before midsummer and at right after midsummer.

2. If they (Aa1-1 -- 2) are of an introductory kind, they possibly should not be counted as 'months'. That may explain why there is no parallel to Aa1-1 in H/P/Q; the introduction may be longer there and perhaps a break should come after the moon glyph:

Or the introduction may be shorter, containing only the moon glyph (to indicate that in the beginning of the year darkness rules).

Maybe, even, there is a long introduction telling about the time of winter solstice?

3. Manu tara appears at the beginning of spring, not in midwinter: 'The arrival and the nesting of these birds at the beginning of the southern spring was the high point of the year.' (Barthel 2)

The bird list of Manuscript E begins with manu tara. Perhaps this indicates that the calendar for the year in A (and H/P/Q) starts at spring equinox? Focus of interest clearly was on the summer (red below), and the speculative arrangement I constructed earlier may contain some truth:

 

A

Q

 

 

A

Q

1

Anakena (July)

8

Tehetu'upu

2

Hora

9

Tarahau

3

Hora

10

Vaitu

-

4

Tangaroa Uri

11

Vaitu

-

5

Ruti

12

Maro

-

6

Koro

13

Maro

-

7

Tuaharo

The glyphs of A and Q are here arranged in a speculative fashion.

 

Hora (Hora iti + Hora nui) and Vaitu (Vaitu nui + Vaitu potu) may once each have covered 2 months:

Vaitu (April-May), Maro (June), Anakena (July), Hora (August-September)

Tangaroa Uri (October), Ruti (November), Koro (December), Tuaharo (January), Tehetu'upu (February), Tarahau (March)

 

If we let the return of the (sun) light be the point of beginning, from which the calendar then develops, we may make a new symmetric table (still speculative) containing only 8 glyphs / periods:

 

 

 

A

Q

 

 

A

Q

1

Tangaroa Uri

5

Tehetu'upu

2

Ruti

6

Tarahau

3

Koro

7

Vaitu

4

Tuaharo

8

Vaitu

6 are red (dominated by the presence of the sun). 2 are black, located at the end and maybe representing the 4th quarter of the year, where sun has gone away.

1/8 of the year, i.e. 45 days (given 360 for the year) is a period well adapted to the hatching time of manu tara. If we instead count the periods as double months, we find that 8 * 2 * 28 = 448 > 365¼. The 8 periods (if they are periods and have equal lengths) cannot be double-months. Counting with single months will leave 13 - 8 = 5 months (or 12 - 8 = 4 months) outside the calendar. Hora iti + Hora nui + Maro + Anakena are 4 mothns.

4. Hora (Hora iti + Hora nui) could in this perspective be represented by the glyphs Aa1-3 -- 4 (with parallels in H/P/Q):

 

A

Q

Hora

Hora

Possibly Hora iti (little summer) is represented by Aa1-3 and Hora nui (big summer) by Aa1-4, and maybe Hora iti refers to the time before midsummer and Hora nui to the time after midsummer. Similarly, Vaitu nui (big winter) could refer to the time before midwinter and Vaitu potu (short winter) to the time after midwinter. The pattern of introduction as suggested for Aa1-1 -- 2 would then be repeated also in Hora (Aa1-3 -- 4) and Vaitu (Aa1-11 -- 12).

5. From the above we may construct a new table:

winter solstice
up to midsummer  

The months Maro (June) and Anakena (July) are outside the calendar.

4 + 3 (4) = 7 (8) glyphs in the dark period.

from midsummer

Hora (August- September)

Tangaroa Uri (October)

Hora (2 glyphs) is balancing Vaitu (2 glyphs).

10 glyphs and 10 periods in the regular calendar.

Vaitu (April-May)

Ruti (November)

Koro (December)

Tarahau (March)
Tuaharo (January) Tehetu'upu (February)
summer solstice

Possibly Maro and Anakena may be represented by Aa1-1 -- 2.

6. This speculative new calendar may once have covered only 10 months, not 12 as suggested by the English names within parenthesis,

The equation 3 * (4 * 28) + 1 * (4 * 7) + 1¼ = 365¼ is built on the assumption of 13 lunar months with 28 nights is each.

With only 10 such months, we will have 280 nights inside the calendar and 365¼ - 280 = 85¼ nights outside the calendar.

Suppose, however, that we first subtract 1¼ to reach 364 = 13 * 28, then there will be 364 - 280 = 84 nights outside the regular sun part of the calendar. (1¼ may be represented by Aa1-15.)

Now, 84 is twice the number of the Egyptian judges of the dead in the Hall of the Two Truths:

42 is hinted at by the number of glyphs on side a of the Tahua text:

Keiti (E)

Large Santiago (H)

Tahua (A)

side a

314

100π

side a

648

200π + 20

side a

670

 200π + 42

side b

314

100π

side b

648

200π + 20

side b

664

 200π + 36

sum

628

200π

sum

1296

400π + 40

sum

1334

400π + 78

7. The last line on side b in Tahua contains 84 glyphs. Searching in the middle of this line (to find any indication of a division in two like in the Hall of Two Truths), we can see:

Ab8-39 Ab8-40 Ab8-41 Ab8-42 Ab8-43 Ab8-44 Ab8-45 Ab8-46

As always when we search for the middle in a line with an even number of glyphs we find two glyphs. Ab8-42 is not remarkable in any way, but Ab8-43 is quite notable. Metoro said o te pito motu. In Manuscript E Easter Island is called Te Pito: "... The (entire) land she named 'Te Pito O Te Kainga A Hau Maka O Hiva' ..." (Barthel 2) This agrees with Makemson's description:

"The heavens varying in number from three to twelve according to the locality were imagined as formed by widely spaced concentric hemispheres of solid material which rested upon the plane of the earth.

In a vertical direction upward the celestial realms would accordingly lie one above the other; but in the horizontal direction they formed circular zones on the earth's surface. Thus a group of islands which considered itself te pito, the navel of the universe, was conceived of as situated at the center of a series of concentric spaces of great but indefinite extent, separated from one another by the walls of the various sky domes which rested on the earth." (Makemson)

The word motu means 'cut off'. Did Metoro mean that the 'land' was broken in two at this point in time?

8. The glyph type in Ab8-43 is rare, but one example (Ca5-20) is seen in the Mamari text (after what earlier has been identified as glyphs describing the time of new year):

At Ca5-20 Metoro said hakapekaga mai.

Peka

Pekapeka, starfish. Vanaga.

1. 100,000 T. 2. A cross; pekapeka, curly; pekapekavae, instep T. (? shoelaces.); hakapeka, to cross; hakapekapeka, to interlace, lattice. T Mgv.: peka, a cross, athwart, across; pepeka, thick, only said of a number of shoots or sprouts in a close bunch. Mq.: peka, a cross, dense thicket. Ta.: pea, a cross. Churchill.

The 'crossing over place' (hakapekaga) is an appellation which agrees with what Metoro said at Ab8-43: o te pito motu (the 'land' is cut through).

We should also note that Ca5-18 -- 19 are 'twins' just as at the end of the line (Ab8-84):

Ca5-18 -- 19

Ab8-84

9. As a conclusion once more a new equation may be suggested:

( 6 * 28 + 4 * 28 )  +  3 * 28  +   =  280 + 2 * 42  +    =  365¼

The division of 84 in the middle may be explained as a way to define where the old year ends, i.e. the part of the year which is outside the regular calendar (with 10 'months') is divided in the middle.

We could summarize by saying that in ancient times the nights of the year possibly were described like this:

- up to midsummer Outside the central part of the calendar 2 * 28 nights (Hora) precede summer and after summer follow 2 * 42 (i.e. 3 * 28 = 84) nights.

2 + 2 regulated periods are completed by the X-period of Aa1-15.

from midsummer
56 Hora iti 42
Hora nui 42
112

Tangaroa Uri

The central part of the calendar has 8 glyphs and 8 periods. Vaitu potu 112

Ruti

Vaitu nui

Koro

Tarahau
Tuaharo Tehetu'upu

Although the new table may seem nice and tidy - also argued for from different points of view - a correct interpretation of Aa1-1 -- 15 could very well be different.

Aa1-3 -- 4 may (as probably Aa1-1 -- 2) be a description of the whole year as divided into two halves.

Aa1-1 probably means both 'the beginning of the year' and hints that the 4 'knee-at-left' glyphs belong to the time before summer solstice. Aa1-2 easily then will be understood as referring to the 2nd half of the year, hinting at the time after midsummer by way of the sickle which can be seen in those glyphs. The shape of the sickle indicates 'waning'.

Aa1-3 and Aa1-4 are alike in Tahua, but in H/P/Q we can see differences between the first and second glyphs:

A H P Q

In H there are 2 'horns' on ragi in the first glyph, but only 1 in the second glyph. In P we can see a little gap between the leg and ragi in the first glyph, but no such in the second glyph. In Q there is a little sign under the 'running leg' in the first glyph, but no such in the second glyph. The two glyphs are alike but different.

I believe the glyphs refer to spring and autumn equinox, when sun moves fast. Probably spring equinox is indicated in the first glyph and autumn equinox in the second glyph.

In Aa1-1 -- 2 the solstices are implicitly referred to, thereby telling of how the year is divided in two by them, and in Aa1-3 -- 4 the equinoxes are indicated - meaning how they define another way to divide the year in two halves.

Only 8 months (not 10) - appropriate for an island called The Eighth Land - seem to have been in the mind of the creator of Aa1-1 -- 15.

8 * 45 = 360.