TRANSLATIONS
They knew what they did.
Therefore we know that there was one of the four birds (tuao,
'the dark brown tern with a round tail') who flew to the
'exit'. Possibly the Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus)
is meant:
"The largest of the noddies, it can be
told from the closely related Black
Noddy by its larger size and plumage,
which is dark brown rather than black.
The Brown Noddy is a tropical seabird
with a worldwide distribution, ranging
from Hawaii to the Tuamotu Archipelago
and Australia in the Pacific Ocean, from
the Red Sea to the Seychelles and
Australia in the Indian Ocean and in the
Caribbean to Tristan da Cunha in the
Atlantic Ocean. In 1989, 25 pairs were
discovered breeding on cliff ledges on
Curtis island in the Kermadec Islands
(New Zealand). The Brown Noddy is
colonial, usually nesting on the ground.
A single egg is laid by a pair each
breeding season.
Etymology: Anous is Greek for
'unmindful'
... stolidus means 'impassive' in Latin
... The birds are often unwary and find
safety in enormous numbers. To sailors,
they were well known for their apparent
indifference to hunters or predators."
(Wikipedia)
To be indifferent is to be
close to death, I think.
The pattern of the story
(that one in the group is 'disappearing') reminds me
about how Kuukuu disappeared from the group of
explorers. Number 4 normally refers to the four cardinal
points (the equinoxes and solstices). If sun 'exits'
after nine 28-night months (or similar), then he will
not have reached autumn equinox, he cannot have more
than 3 'wives'.
The Inca indians had a
system (ceque) with 4 quadrants and a
substructure built on 3 of the quadrants being similar,
but the 4th (the black one) different:
As I remember it now (from
Zuidema) the 4th quadrant was a kind of disorderly
chaotic sector from which the 1st quadrant rulers once
had originated.
The sum of
the subsectors in the ceque are 3 * 9 + 2 * (1 + 6) =
41, i.e. with one more to add the next circuit and the interesting number 42
will be reached (as when 59 nights in a doublemonth
became 60).
We can discern that
extra space is distributed as 8 + 7 = 15. Extra space
between 9 ordered triples requires 8. Extra space inside
the 4th quadrant requires 5 and then 2 more are needed
between the 3rd and 4th respectively the 4th and 1st
quadrants.
The immigrant explorers
were not 4 but 2 + 5 = 7 (at least according to
Manuscript E), but that does not disturb the fundamental
concept - that there of necessity is a recirculation in
nature. Some go away and others arrive.
"The
explorers are the sons of brothers (men classified as
brothers?); two are the sons of Hau Maka; five
are the sons of Hua Tava.
Ira
and Raparenga, the sons of Hau Maka, have
been the subject of traditional songs up to the present
time because they searched for a residence (kimi te
maara) for the emigrant king (Campbell 1971:186,
220).
Kimi To
seek; to investigate. Vanaga.
Kimikimi, to seek, to search, to inquire, to
examine; ata kimikimi, to inquire; kimikimi ei moni, to
speculate, to seek money; kimikimiga, research. T Pau.: kimi,
to look for. Mq.: imi, to search, to examine, to sift thoroughly.
Ta.: imi, to seek, to search. Churchill. |
Maara
Flat coastal area usable as landing stage. Vanaga. |
On the other
hand, nothing is said of the sons of Hua Tava in
popular traditions.
Ira,
the oldest son of Hau Maka, carries the added
designation of 'the first-born' and 'the esteemed one',
while Makoi (TP, Mako'i), the youngest son
of Hua Tava, is addressed as 'last-born'.
The names of
the seven explorere of Ms. E agree with the ones listed
by Arturo Teao. We are, therefore, dealing with the same
traditional content. Brown was told six names by Juan
Tepano (partly misspelled were 'Parenga', 'Ringaringa',
and 'Moomona'; Makoi was missing
altogether), but Métraux received only four from the
same informant, together with the ambigous reference to
'Tavatava A Huatava', the first reference to the
father Hua Tava.
A somewhat
confused list of names in Ms. C (NA II:Fig. 150)
contains the names of three explorers and a reference to
the representative of the original population ('Ko
Pukupuku Ngatavake'), as well as the garbled family
name 'Ko Uhatava'.
Puku
1. To feel an urge to defecate or to urinate, etc.:
ku-puku-á te mimi: to need to urinate. 2. Rock, boulder: puku
ma'ea; puku oone, hillock, earth mound. 3. Puku tagata,
pubis. Puku-ine, to get stuck in the oesophagus (of food).
Pukupuku, joints, bones of a joint; pukupuku rima, wrist
bones; pukupuku va'e, ankle. Pukuraga, followers,
disciples, students. Vanaga.
1. Puku haga oao, east, east wind. 2. Pubes. T
Mgv.: puku, clitoris; pukuhou, the age of puberty;
pukutea, a man between 30 and 45. 3. Unripe; puku no, unripe;
pukupuku, green, immature. Mgv. puku, to be unripe. Mq.:
puku, a fruit which has not yet reached its maturity. 4. To
gorge; mahaga puku, to take the bait greedily. PS Sa.: pu'u,
to take the whole at one mouthful, to put into the mouth whole. Fu.:
pukupuku, to rinse the mouth, to gargle. Niuē:
puku, to take into the mouth.
Pukuhina, (puku
4), to choke on a fishbone. Pau.: pukua,
to choke with a fishbone. Mgv.: pukua,
to be suffocated by anything that sticks in the throat. Mq.:
pukua, bad deglutition. Ta.:
puunena, puufeto,
to choke, to gag. Ha.: puua,
to be choked, to have something sticking in the throat.
Pukupuku; 1. Elbow. G. 2. Wrinkled,
knotty, wen, scrofula; gao pukupuku,
scrofula. T Pau.: puku, a
swelling; pukupuku, a
wrinkle, knotty, rough. Mgv.: puku,
a knot in the wood; pukupuku,
knotted, rough, uneven, lumpy. Mq.: puku,
knot in wood, boss, protuberance, tumor, boil; pukupuku,
wrinkled, knotty. Ta.: puú,
boss, protuberance, swelling; puúnono,
tumour; puúpuú, wrinkled,
knotty. Pukuraga, servant T.
Churchill. |
According to
the best sources (E; TP), there were seven explorers;
according to the ethnographers who worked with Juan
Tepano (Routledge, Brown, and Métraux), only six. This
difference may be due to the desire for the magic number
'six'." (Barthel 2)
The structure of the year
in the Tahua text we are studing has two triplets
plus one at the solstices, maybe like this:
winter solstice |
|
|
|
kiakia |
tuvi |
tuao |
tavi |
summer solstice |
|
|
|
|
kukuru toua |
makohe |
kena |
tavake |
In the dark all colours disappear.
But kena ought to be blindingly white as the
sands of Anakena. Perhaps that explains the
location of kena (the bird) at midsummer when
light is at its maximum? Tuao should be its opposite: dark brown. Tavi is gray as
lead and tuvi is also grey.
"Tuvi, also tuvituvi
(number 14), is the locat name for a gray tern. This
bird is mentioned in a war chant:
mata
ui a tai |
The eyes
look out to the sea |
a te
manu iri hokohuki |
to the
bird, who rises alone |
a rua
tuvi |
to the
nesting place of the gray tern. |
(Barthel 1960:850)" (Barthel
2)
What about the colour of kiakia?
"In a short recitation that
accompanies the string game, the next bird on the
list, kiakia (number 13), the white tern, is
associated with the leaves of the sweet potato [note
that kumara is bird number 12]:
kiakia kiakia |
The
white terns |
tari
rau kumara |
carry
the leaves of sweet potatoes in their
beaks. |
(Barthel 1960:842; Campbell
1971:419)
The 'egg of the white tern' (mamari
kiakia) is the name of a variety of sweet
potato. I suppose that the names kumara and
kiakia are linked the same way as ruru
and taiko.
"The next two names on the list ar
ruru and taiko (numbers 10 and 11). While
those two represent two different species, it should
be pointed out that the combined name ruru-taiko
refers in MAO. to a black petrel (Procellaria
parkinsoni). There are no cultural data
available for ruru, which seems to be derived
from PPN. *lulu 'owl', or for taiko
(compare RAR. taiko 'black petrel', MGV.
tiaku, 'petrel?, omen of death'), but the
textual association of taiko and spirits
should be kept in mind (Campbell 1971:113)."
(Barthel 2)
The white tern appears to have had
some cultural significance and seems to have had its
habitat in the Rano Raraku area." (Barthel 2)
That does
it. The white tern of course corresponds in the
'north' to kena in the 'south'. In the 4th
quadrant sun has gone away and only his spirit
remains. Blackness (ruru-taiko) is ruling. We
can now understand GD45 (ihe) in Aa1-11 --
12:
The owl
belongs to autumn and in some mysterious way has
caused the death of the sun:
"... The only legend about the Galaxy
that Heinin and the other bards at Maelgwyn's court
would have known concerns Blodeuwedd, conjured by
Gwydion to be the bride of Llew Llaw Gyffes. Llew's
other name was Huan and Blodeuwedd was transformed
into an owl and called Twyll Huan ('the deceiving of
Huan') for having caused Llew's death: the Welsh for
owl being tylluan. The legend of Blodeuwedd
and the Galaxy occurs in the Peniardd MSS.:
The wife of Huan ap Dôn was a party
to the killing of her husband and said that he had
gone to hunt away from home. His father Gwydion, the
King of Gwynedd, traversed all countries in search
for him, and at last made Caer Gwydion, that is the
Milky Way, as a track by which to seek his soul in
the heavens; where he found it.
In requittal for the injury that she
had done he turned the young wife into a bird, and
she fled from her father-in-law and is called to
this day Twyll Huan. Thus the Britons formerly
treated their stories and tales after the manner of
the Greeks, in order to keep them in memory.
It should be added that the form
'Caer Gwydion', instead of 'Caer Wydion, proves the
myth to be a late one. Blodeuwedd ... was Olwen,
'She of the White Track', so Gwydion was right to
search for her in the Galaxy: Rhea with her white
track of stars was the celestial counterpart of
Olwen-Blodeuwedd with her white track of trefoil."
(The White Goddess)
But after
the darkness there will be light:
"The White Tern (Gygis alba)
is a small seabird found across the tropical oceans
of the world. Sometimes known as the Fairy Tern (but
not the Fairy Tern, Sternula nereis), this
small tern is famous for laying its egg on bare thin
branches in a small fork or depression without a
nest. This balancing act is a predator-avoidance
behaviour as the branches they choose are too small
for rats or even small lizards to climb. Safe from
predators, but still vulnerable to strong winds, the
White Terns are also quick to relay should they lose
the egg. The newly hatched chicks have well
developed feet to hang on to their precarious
nesting site with. It is a long-lived bird, having
been recorded living for 17 years.
The White Tern is a small, all white
tern with a long black bill, related to the noddies.
It ranges widely across the Pacific and Indian
Oceans, and also nests in some Atlantic islands. It
nests on coral islands, usually on trees with thin
branches but also on rocky ledges and on man-made
structures. The White Tern feeds on small fish which
it catches by plunge diving. The White Tern is not
considered threatened as it is a wide-spread species
with several large colonies around the world.
The White Tern, Manu-o-Ku, was
named Honolulu, Hawai'i's official bird on April 2,
2007." (Wikipedia)
Ó
Ó;
1. Prepositon marking the genitive. 2.
Preposition expressing the cause, the
reason: because of (also i):
e-tahataha-á te vaka o te tokerau. the
boat rocks from side to side because of the
wind. 3. Lest, in order not to... e-ûi
koe o higa, be careful not to fall. 4.
Sometimes used as conditional: if, whether;
ina kai agiagi au o tu'u-mai te Matu'a,
I don't know if the Padre has arrived.
5. Article sometimes used preceding proper
names; ó Hotu Matu'a, ó Santiago. 6.
To answer saying 'oh'; ana ragi te tagata
ki te rua tagata, 'hé koe?', he-ó-mai,
he-kî: 'ó, î au', when a man calls
another, asking 'where are you?' (the other)
answers saying 'oh, I am here'. O; to
celebrate a festival: he-o i te gogoro.
Vanaga. |
Manu-o-Ku seems to mean the
bird of Tu. Is that why Metoro said
kua tuu at Aa1-13?
If so, then there could be some 'pun'
intended, as tu is the opposite of tu'u.
Tu is a witches cauldron rather than a firm post:
Tu To
crush into puree, like women of old did, crushing sweet potatoes and
mixing them with cooked egg to give the children. Vanaga.
To mix, to confound. Churchill. |
|