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"Before the exploit
that is related here, the sea was greater and the land was less.
Only Hawaiki, the homeland, was dry for men. Maui, in spite
of his timid brothers' fears, pulled up the fish that bears his
name. The Maori say that the Fish of Maui is New Zealand.
HOW MAUI FISHED UP LAND
Maui, in the custom of
ancient times, had several different names. At the beginning he was
Maui potiki because he was the youngest child.
Then he had his
given name, Maui tikitiki a Taranga, and later he acquired
other names for different sides of his character.
According to what he
was up to he might be known as Maui nukarau, or
Maui-the-trickster; Maui atamai, Maui-the-quick-witted;
Maui mohio, Maui-the-knowing; Maui toa, Maui-the-brave;
and so on.
He was an expert at the
game of teka, or dart-throwing, and all the best patterns in
the string game of whai, or cat's cradles, were invented by
Maui.
He was also a great
kite-flier, and the story is told of a small boy of another name
(but it could only have been Maui) who once came half out of the
water and snatched the kite-string of a child on the land. He then
slipped back into the sea and continued flying it from under the
water until his mother was fetched, for she was the only one who
could control him and make him behave at that time.
It was Maui, moreover,
who invented the type of eel-trap that prevents the eel from
escaping once it is in. After he had slain Tuna roa he
constructed a hinaki that had a turned-back entrance with
spikes pointing inwards, so that the eels went in for the bait and
were trapped. Thus he always caught more eels than all his brothers
put together.
Again, it was Maui who
first put a barb on his spear for catching birds. The spears of his
brothers all had smooth points, but Maui secretly attached a barb to
his, and took it off again so that his brothers would not know. In
the same way also he secretly barbed his fish-hooks and always
caught more fish than they. This lead to some unpleasentness between
them.
The brothers grew tired
of all his tricks, and tired of seeing him haul up fish by the
kitful when they caught only a few. So they did their best to leave
him behind when they went out fishing. One day he assumed the form
of a tiwaiwaka, or fantail, the restless, friendly little
bird that flits round snapping flies. He flew on to their canoe as
they were leaving and perched on the prow.
But they saw through this at once and turned back, and refused to go
out with Maui on board. They said they had had enough of his
enchantments and there would only be trouble if he went with them.
This meant that he had to stay at home with his wives and children,
with nothing to do, and listen to his wives complaining about the
lack of fish to eat.
'Oh, stop it, you
women', he said one day when their grumbling had got on his nerves.
'What are you fussing about? Haven't I done all manner of things by
my enchantments? Do you think a simple thing like catching a few
fish is beyond me? I'll go out fishing, and I'll catch a fish
so big that you won't be able to eat it all before it goes bad.'
He felt better
when he had said this, and went off to a place where women were not
allowed, and sat down to make himself a fish-hook. It was an
enchanted one, and was pointed with a piece chipped off the jawbone
of his great ancestress, Muri ranga whenua.
When it was finished he
chanted the appropriate incantations over it, and tucked it under
his maro, the loin cloth which was all he wore.
Meanwhile, since
the weather looked settled, the brothers of Maui were tightening the
lashings of the top strakes of their canoe, to be ready for an
expedition the following day. So during the night Maui went down and
hid himself beneath the flooring slats. The brothers took provisions
and made an early start soon after daybreak, and they had paddled
some distance from the shore before Maui nukarau crept out of
his hiding place.
All four of them felt
like turning back at once, but Maui by his enchantments made the sea
stretch out between their canoe and the land, and by the time they
had turned the canoe round they saw that they were much further out
than they had thought.
'You might as well let
me stay now; I can do the bailing', said Maui, picking up the carved
wooden bailing scoop that was lying beside the bailing-place of the
canoe. The brothers exchanged glances and shrugged their shoulders.
There was not much point in objecting, so they resumed their
paddling, and when they reached the place where they usually fished,
one of them went to put the stone achor overboard.
'No, no, not yet!'
cried Maui. 'Better to go much further out.' Meekly, his brothers
paddled on again, all the way to their more distant fishing spot,
which they only used when there was no luck at the other one. They
were tired out with their paddling, and proposed that they should
anchor and put their lines overboard.
'Oh, the fish
here may be good enough for you,' said Maui, 'but we'd do much
better to go right out, to another place I know. If we go there, all
you have to do is put a line over and you'll get a bite. We'll only
be there a little while and the canoe will be full of fish.' Maui's
brothers were easy to persuade, so on they paddled once more, until
the land had sunk from sight behind them. Then at last Maui allowed
them to put he anchor out and bait their lines.
It was exactly as he
had said it would be. Their lines were hardly over the side before
they all caught fish. Twice only they had put their lines out when
the canoe was filled with fish. They had so many that it would have
been unsafe to catch more, for the canoe was now getting low in the
water. So they suggested going back.
'Wait on,' said Maui,
'I haven't tried my line yet.' 'Where did you get a hook?'
they asked. 'Oh, I have one of my own', said Maui. So the brothers
knew for certain now that there was going to be trouble, as they had
feared. They told him to hurry and throw his line over, and one of
them started bailing. Because of the weight of the fish they were
carrying, water was coming in at the sides. Maui produced his hook
from underneath his
maro, a magnificent, fishing hook it was, with a
shank made of paua shell that glistened in the sunlight. Its
point was made of the jawbone of his ancestress, and it was
ornamented at the top of the shank with hair pulled from the tail of
a dog. He snooded it to a line that was lying in the canoe.
Boastful Maui behaved
as if it were a very ordinary sort of fish-hook, and flashed it
carelessly. Then he asked his brothers for some bait. But they were
sulking, and had no wish to help him. They said he could not have
any of their bait. So Maui atamai doubled his fist and struck
his nose a blow, and smeared the hook with blood, and threw it
overboard.
'Be quiet now,' he told
his brothers. 'If you hear me talking to myself don't say a word, or
you will make my line break.' And as he paid out the line he intoned
this karakia, that calls on the north-east and south-east
winds:
Blow gently,
whakarua, / blow gently, mawake, / my line let it pull
straight, / my line let it pull strong.
My line it is pulled, /
it has caught, / it has come.
The land is gained, /
the land is in the hand, / the land long waited for, / the boasting
of Maui, / his great land / for which he went to sea, / his
boasting, it is caught.
A spell for the drawing
up of the world.
The brothers had no
idea what Maui was up to now, as he paid out his line. Down, down it
sank, and when it was at the bottom Maui lifted it slightly, and it
caught on something which at once pulled very hard.
Maui pulled
also, and hauled in a little of his line. The canoe heeled over, and
was shipping water fast. 'Let it go!' cried the frightened brothers,
but Maui answered with the words that are now a proverb: 'What Maui
has got in his hand he cannot throw away.'
'Let go?' he cried.
'What did I come for but to catch fish?' And he went on hauling in
his line, the canoe kept taking water, and his brothers kept bailing
frantically, but Maui would not let go.
Now Maui's hook
had caught in the barge-boards of the house of Tonganui, who lived
at the bottom of that part of the sea and whose name means Great
South; for it was as far to the south that the brothers had paddled
from their home. And Maui knew what it was that he had caught, and
while he hauled at his line he was chanting the spell that goes:
O Tonganui / why do you
hold so stubbornly there below?
The power of Muri's
jawbone is at work on you, / you are coming, / you are caught now, /
you are coming up, / appear, appear.
Shake yourself, /
grandson of Tangaroa the little.
The fish came near the
surface then, so that Maui's line was slack for a moment, and he
shouted to it not to get tangled.
But then the
fish plunged down again, all the way to the bottom. And Maui had to
strain, and haul away again. And at the height of all this
excitement his belt worked loose, and his maro fell off and
he had to kick it from his feet.
He had to do the rest with nothing
on.
The brothers of Maui
sat trembling in the middle of the canoe, fearing for their lives.
For now the water was frothing and heaving, and great hot bubbles
were coming up, and steam, and Maui was chanting the incantation
called Hiki, which makes heavy weights light.
At length there
appeared beside them the gable and thatched roof of the house of
Tonganui, and not only the house, but a huge piece of the land
attached to it. The brothers wailed, and beat their heads, as they
saw that Maui had fished up land, Te Ika a Maui, the fish of
Maui. And there were houses on it, and fires burning, and people
going about their daily tasks. Then Maui hitched his line round one
of the paddles laid under a pair of thwarts, and picked up his
maro, and put it on again.
'Now while I'm away,'
he said, 'show some common sense and don't be impatient. Don't eat
food until I come back, and whatever you do don't start cutting up
the fish until I have found a priest and made an offering to the
gods, and completed all the necessary rites. When I get back it will
be all right to cut him up, and we'll share him out equally then.
What we cannot take with us will keep until we come back for it.'
Maui then returned to
their village. But as soon as his back was turned his brothers did
the very things that he had told them not to. They began to eat
food, which was a sacrilege because no portion had yet been offered
to the gods. And they started to scale the fish and cut bits off it.
When they did this,
Maui had not yet reached the sacred place and the presence of the
gods. Had he done so, all the male and female deities would have
been appeased by the promise of portions of the fish, and Tangaroa
would have been content. As it was they were angry, and they caused
the fish of Maui to writhe and lash about like any other fish.
That is the reason why
this land, Aotearoa, is now so rough and mountainous and much
of it so unuseful to man. Had the brothers done as Maui told them it
would have lain smooth and flat, and example to the world of what
good land should be. But as soon as the sun rose above the horizon
the writhing fish of Maui became solid underfoot, and could not be
smoothed out again. This act of Maui's, that gave our people the
land on which we live, was an event next in greatness to the
separation of the Sky and Earth.
Afterwards these young
men returned to their home in
Hawaiki, the homeland. Their father,
Makea tutara, was waiting for them when they beached their
canoe, singing a chant that praised the mighty fishing feat of Maui.
He was delighted with Maui, and said to him in front of the brothers:
'Among all my children
only you, Maui tikitiki, are a great hero. You are the
renewal of the strength that I once had. But as for your elder
brothers here, they will never be famous like you. Stand up, Maui
tikitiki, and let your brothers look at you.'
This was all
that Makea tutara had to say to Maui on that occasion.
Afterwards Maui fetched his mother also, and brought her to
Hawaiki, and they all lived together there. Thus was dry land
fished up by Maui, which had lain beneath the sea ever since the
great rains that were sent by the Sky father and the god of winds.
The Maori people say that the north island of Aotearoa, which
certainly is shaped much like a fish, is Te Ika a Maui; and
according to some tribes the south island is the canoe from which he
caught it. And his hook is the cape at Heretaunga once known
as Te matau a Maui, Maui's Fishhook (Cape Kidnappers). In
some of the other islands which lie across the sea towards
Hawaiki, the people say that theirs is the land that Maui pulled
up from below." (Maori Myths) |
