TRANSLATIONS
In the House of Cockroaches the fire in the umu was extinguished and 'the ends' of burning toromiro wood were thrown out. In the 29th and 30th nights of the moon no light can be seen.
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Aa8-26 |
Aa8-27 |
Aa8-28 |
Aa8-29 |
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Aa8-30 |
Aa8-31 |
Aa8-32 |
Aa8-33 |
Then comes kava (Aa8-31) and a 'feathered mauga'.
Maybe the very prominent hoea in Aa8-33 has something to do with those 'nodding spirits':
46 Hare Hakangaegnae (13-15)
e tai a hare hakangaengae i te tahu hanga rikiriki
The 'house that makes breathless' (or the 'house where one nods to each other') is located 'towards the sea'. I was told that the exact location is in the area east of Hanga Pau Kura. The 'very small bays' are supposed to be located west of Hanga Pau Kura. In a different combination, the words may indicate tending a fire (tahuhanga) or a small-sized fire (rikiriki). In this case, one would suspect a connection with the preceding motif of the earth-oven ... Tuu Ko Ihu and the origin of the wooden figures may provide an alternative explanation: the 'house where one nods to each other' suggests the reaction of the spirits who are eavesdropping and think they are unrecognized (TP:68), while the 'little ones' may be the carved sculptures ...
We must return to kava in the glyph dictionary. Next page:
3.
At a kava drink ceremony, the result is a
change of state.
"Indeed, at the rituals of the
installation, the chief is invested with the 'rule' or 'authority' (lewaa)
over the land, but the land itself is not conveyed to him. The soil
(qele) is specifically identified with the indigenous
'owners' (i taukei), a bond that cannot be abrogated. Hence the widespread assertion
that traditionally (or before the Lands Commission) the chiefly clan
was landless, except for what it had received in provisional title
from the native owners, i.e., as marriage portion from the original
people or by bequest as their sister's son ...
The ruling chief has no corner on
the means of production. Accordingly, he cannot compel his native
subjects to servile tasks, such as providing or cooking his daily
food, which are obligations rather of his own household, his own
line, or of conquered people (nona tamata ga, qali kaisi sara).
Yet even more dramatic conditions
are imposed on the sovereignity at the time of the ruler's
accession. Hocart observes that the Fijian chief is ritually reborn
on this occasion; that is, as a domestic god. If so, someone must have killed
him as a dangerous outsider. He is indeed killed by the indigenous
people at the very moment of his consecration, by the offering of
kava that conveys the land to his authority (lewaa).
Grown from the leprous body of a sacrificed child of the native
people, the kava the chief drinks poisons him."
"Sacred product of the people's
agriculture, the installation kava is brought forth in Lau
by a representative of the native owners (mataqali
Taqalevu), who proceeds to separate the main root in no ordinary
way but by the violent thrusts of a sharp implement (probably, in
the old time, a spear). Thus killed, the root (child of
the land) is then passed to young men (warriors) of royal descent
who, under the direction of a priest of the land, prepare and serve
the ruler's cup ...
...the tuu yaqona or
cupbearer on this occasion should be a vasu i taukei e loma ni
koro, 'sister´s son of the native owners in the center of the
village'... Traditionally, remark, the kava
root was chewed to make the infusion: The sacrificed child of the
people is cannibalized by the young chiefs.
The water of the kava,
however, has a different symbolic provenance. The classic
Cakaudrove kava chant, performed at the Lau
installation rites, refers to it as sacred rain water from the
heavens... This male and chiefly water
(semen) in the womb of a kava bowl whose feet are called
'breasts' (sucu),
(pictures from Lindqvist showing very old Chinese
cooking vessels)
and from the front of which, tied to the
upper part of an inverted triangle, a sacred cord stretches out
toward the chief ...
The cord is decorated with small
white cowries, not only a sign of chieftainship but by name, buli
leka, a continuation of the metaphor of birth - buli, 'to
form', refers in Fijian procreation theory to the conceptual
acception of the male in the body of the woman. The sacrificed child
of the people will thus give birth to the chief.
But only after the chief,
ferocious outside cannibal who consumes the cannibalized victim, has
himself been sacrificed by it. For when the ruler drinks the sacred
offering, he is in the state of intoxication Fijians call 'dead
from' (mateni) or 'dead from kava' (mate ni yaqona),
to recover from which is explicitly 'to live' (bula). This accounts for the second cup
the chief is alone accorded, the cup of fresh water. The god is
immediately revived, brought again to life - in a transformed
state."
"There is a further motivation of the same in the
kava taken immediately after the chief's by the herald, a
representative of the land. This drinking is 'to kick', rabeta,
the chief's kava. Raberabe, the same reduplicated
version, means 'a sickness', the result of kicking accidently
against a 'drau-ni-kau'... The herald here takes the effects
on himself: drau-ni-kau is the common name for 'sorcery'..."
(Islands of History)
On Easter Island they had not the
kava root. Instead
they used the word kava
for
ginger (gingembre, according to
Bishop Jaussen's word-list, ref.: Barthel). And ginger roots are yellow, twisted and knobby:
Picture from Internet (Wikipedia). It is said that the root of
Zingiber - from Tamil Iñci Officinale - traditionally was eaten by pregnant Chinese women to 'combat morning
sickness'. In India they apply it to the temples (i.e. to the sides
of the head) as a paste to relieve headache. Both these uses
harmonize with what has been proposed above.
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Kava drinking is like dying (the 29th night of the moon), but then there is a revival with new bright light.
According
to Barthel 2 the true kava plant was not grown on Easter
Island:
"Two names
absent from the [plant] list [of the immigrants] are kava and
pia. While kava (Piper methysticum) is
only mentioned in Rongorongo texts, pia 'arrow root' (Tacca
pinnatifida) was actually grown on Easter Island
(ME:158-159). Its mythical parents were supposedly 'Ira-pupue'
and 'Ira-kaka', which Métraux translated as 'irrigation' and
'leaves'. The translation is open to argument."
But there
was a fern named kavakava atua , which was "... used
for medicinal purposes and was eaten during times of famine ..."
The name
kavakava atua is translated as 'divine wrath' (literally,
'bitter is the god').
Nothing is
said in Barthel 2 about ginger. Consulting my word list we can find
kavapuhi:
... Mgv.:
Kavapui, a tree. Ta.: avapuhi, a fragrant plant. Mq.:
kavapui, wild ginger. Sa.: 'avapui,
id. Ha.: awapuhi, id. Churchill.
This is
interesting, because the 'fire' is blown out (puhi), at
kava ceremonies:
Puhi
1. To blow; to light a fire; to
extinguish, to blow out; he-puhi te umu, to light
the fire for the earth oven. 2. To fish for lobsters at
night using a bait (but during the day one calls it
hî); puhiga, night fishing spot. Vanaga.
To blow; puhi mai, to spring
up; pupuhi, wind, fan, to blow, puffed up, to
blow fresh, to ferment, to swell, to bloat, to spring
out, to gush, yeast; pupuhi vai, syringe;
pupuhi eve, squirt; pupuhi heenua, volley;
pupuhi nunui, cannon; pupuhi nui, swivel gun;
ahuahu pupuhi, amplitude; vai pupuhi,
water which gushes forth; pupuhihia, to carry on
the wind; hakapupuhi, to gush, leaven,
volatilize; puhipuhi, to smoke, to smoke tobacco,
a pipe. Churchill |
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Aa8-30 |
ka puhi i te ahi i
te toga nui |
Next page:
4.
The impact of
lightning and
thunder - as if there was a pair of gods 'talking' to our eyes and
ears - apparently makes nature wake up. A change of state mostly follows
with fresh air and sun returning.
The kava glyph type is designed as a zigzag pattern, much
like that written in lightning on the dark stormy sky.
Lightning and thunder work magic together creating sunligth and
rain. Sunlight and rain are related:
"On
February 9 the Chorti Ah K'in, 'diviners', begin the
agricultural year. Both the 260-day cycle and the solar year are
used in setting dates for religious and agricultural ceremonies,
especially when those rituals fall at the same time in both
calendars.
The
ceremony begins when the diviners go to a sacred spring where they
choose five stones with the proper shape and color. These stones
will mark the five positions of the sacred cosmogram created by the
ritual. When the stones are brought back to the ceremonial house,
two diviners start the ritual by placing the stones on a table in a
careful pattern that reproduces the schematic of the universe. At
the same time, helpers under the table replace last year's diagram
with the new one. They believe that by placing the cosmic diagram
under the base of God at the center of the world they demonstrate
that God dominates the universe.
The priests
place the stones in a very particular order. First the stone that
corresponds to the sun in the eastern, sunrise position of summer
solstice is set down; then the stone corresponding to the western,
sunset position of the same solstice. This is followed by stones
representing the western, sunset position of the winter solstice,
then its eastern, sunrise position. Together these four stones form
a square. They sit at the four corners of the square just as we saw
in the Creation story from the Classic period and in the Popol Vuh.
Finally, the center stone is placed to form the ancient five-point
sign modern researchers called the quincunx ...
Later on in
this series of rituals, the Chorti go through a ceremony they
call raising the sky. This ritual takes place at midnight on the
twenty-fifth of April and continues each night until the rains
arrive. In this ceremony two diviners and their wives sit on benches
so that they occupy the corner positions of the cosmic square. They
take their seats in the same order as the stones were placed, with
the men on the eastern side and the women on the west. The ritual
actions of sitting down and lifting upward are done with great
precision and care, because they are directly related to the actions
done by the gods at Creation. The people represent the gods of the
four corners and the clouds that cover the earth. As they rise from
their seats, they metaphorically lift the sky. If their lifting
motion is uneven, the rains will be irregular and harmful." (Maya
Cosmos)
One of the effects of kava drinking is to enhance the
sensitivity of the eyes - light appears to be growing.
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Lightning and thunder belong to Thursday:
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Hb9-39 |
Hb9-40 |
Hb9-41 |
Hb9-42 |
Hb9-43 |
Hb9-44 |
Hb9-45 |
Hb9-46 |
Hb9-47 |
However, there are signs
in these kava glyphs. The situation is similar in P:
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Pb10-46 |
Pb10-47 |
Pb10-48 |
Pb10-49 |
Pb10-50 |
Pb10-51 |
This complicates matters,
otherwise it would have been easy to begin by referring to Thursday
in the glyph dictionary.
Instead we have to start
somewhere else:
Interestingly, the word pua was used for zingiberaceae
on Easter Island:
Pua, pu'a
Pua.
1. A zingiberacea (plant of which few specimens are left on
the island). 2. Flower: pua ti, ti flower, pua
taro, taro flower, pua maúku pasture flower; pua
nakonako, a plant which grows on steep slopes and produce red,
edible berries. 3. Pua tariga (or perhaps pu'a tariga),
anciently, hoops put in earlobes. 4. The nanue fish when
young and tender. Puapua, summit, top, upper part; te
puapua o te maúga, the top of the mountain; te puapua kupega,
the upper part of a fishing net. Vanaga.
Pu'a. 1. (Modern form of
pu'o), to cover up something or oneself, to put on; ka-pu'a
te ha'u, put on your hat; ka-pu'a-mai te nua, cover me up
with a blanket. 2. To respond to the song of the first group of
singers; to sing the antistrophe; he-pu'a te tai. 3. To help;
ka-pu'a toou rima ki a Timo ite aga, help Timothy with the
work. 4. Pu'a-hare, to help a relative in war or in any need;
ka-oho, ka-pu'a-hare korua, ko ga kope, go, give your
relative a hand, lads. 5. To speak out in someone's favour; e
pu'a-mai toou re'o kia au, speak in my favour, intercede for me.
Pu'apu'a, to hit, to beat. Vanaga.
1. Flower, ginger,
soap; pua mouku, grass. 2. To grease, to coat with tar, to
pitch; pua ei meamea, to make yellow. Puapua, a piece
of cloth. Mgv.: pua, a flower, turmeric, starchy matter of
the turmeric and hence soap. Mq.: pua, a flower, soap. Ta.:
pua, id. Ma.: puapua, cloth wrapped about the arm.
Churchill. |
'Red Torch' (Etlingera elatior),
an example of zingiberaceae according to Wikipedia. |
Pua Katiki, at the
top of the mountain of Poike, suddenly becomes interesting as
a possible station for a kava ceremony.
1st quarter |
2nd quarter |
3rd quarter |
4th quarter |
He Anakena
(July) |
Tagaroa uri
(October) |
Tua haro
(January) |
Vaitu nui
(April) |
Te Pei |
Te Pou |
Tama |
One Tea |
Mahatua |
Taharoa |
Nga Kope Ririva |
Te Pu Mahore |
Hora iti
(August) |
Ko Ruti
(November) |
Tehetu'upú
(February) |
Vaitu potu
(May) |
Hua Reva |
Akahanga |
Hanga Takaure |
Poike |
Hanga Hoonu |
Rangi Meamea |
Te Poko Uri |
Te Manavai |
Hora nui
(September) |
Ko Koró
(December) |
Tarahao
(March) |
He Maro
(June) |
Hatinga Te Kohe |
Roto Iri Are |
Pua Katiki |
Maunga Teatea |
Peke Tau O Hiti |
Mauga Hau Epa |
Te Kioe Uri |
Te Piringa Aniva |
The 'head' of the sun will
roll down the mountain on the other side, I guess.
Pua
nakonako is a plant on the immigrant list. My word list:
... pua nakonako, a plant which grows on steep slopes and
produce red, edible berries ...
... Teke
said to Oti, 'Go and take the hauhau tree, the paper
mulberry tree, rushes, tavari plants, uku koko grass,
riku ferns, ngaoho plants, the toromiro tree,
hiki kioe plants (Cyperus vegetus), the sandalwood
tree, harahara plants, pua nakonako plants,
nehenehe ferns, hua taru grass, poporo plants,
bottle gourds (ipu ngutu), kohe plants, kavakava
atua ferns, fragrant tuere heu grass, tureme grass
(Diochelachne sciurea), matie grass, and the two kinds
of cockroaches makere and hata ...
The name
Oti alludes to koti-koti as in the 'noon' break. I have
written:
... In the Mamari moon calendar the full moon
glyph (Ca7-24) probably illustrates this old woman sitting down
eating by the fire:
The waxing moon is finished and the waning moon must
now start. I guess that the left henua is the sun
illuminating the waxing moon and the right henua the sun
illuminating the waning moon. There is a break (a cardinal point) at
full moon. So someone has to start the new 'limb' of 'fire' - the
old woman in the moon.
There should be a structurally similar situation at
noon. The first half of the day ('waxing sun') is finished and the
second half ('waning sun') must be initiated. The old woman (nuahine)
will stop (arrest) the waxing sun and start the waning sun on its
path towards the western horizon.
If this is a correct reading (of Metoro), then
the text describes a discontinuation at noon. The path of the sun is
broken in two pieces: before noon and after noon. These ideas agree
with rangi kote kote [kotikoti] ('cielo kotekote' ),
which I think means 'sky cut up into pieces' ...
Kotikoti
To cut with scissors (since this is an
old word and scissors do not seem to have existed, it
must mean something of the kind). Vanaga.
To tear; kokoti, to cut, to
chop, to hew, to cleave, to assassinate, to amputate, to
scar, to notch, to carve, to use a knife, to cut off, to
lop, to gash, to mow, to saw; kokotiga kore,
indivisible; kokotihaga, cutting, gash furrow.
Churchill. |
A further
'proof' is the different meanings (yet belonging together to
the same scene seen from the Polynesian perspective) of nako
(as in pua nakonako:
Nako
1. Fat, grease, lard, marrow, tallow. PS
Mq.: nako, turtle meat; kao, fat. Pau.:
akohaga, meat. Ta.: ao, fat of fowl or fish.
Sa.: gaó, fat, lard. To., Fu., Niuē,
Ma.: gako,
id. Had Monseigneur Dordillon eaten his way to the civic
chair of London instead of coming to a starveling
preferment in the bishopric of a savage diocese he would
surely have defined the nako
of the Marquesan turtle in terms of calipash and
calipee. 2. Squamous, scurfy. 3. Pau.: Nanako,
to tattoo. Ta.: nanao,
tattooing.
Churchill. |
The dead body of the chief
is pricked (as if tattooed) to let the fluids out, and later when he
is completely dried out (like a cockroach) he is put on the platform
(hata):
(Ref. Van Tilburg)
... The
separate subgroup (29 makere - 30 hata) consists of
the names of two types of cockroaches, but in related eastern
Polynesian languages these names can also be explained on a
different level. MAO. makere, among others, 'to die', and
whata, among others, 'to be laid to rest on a platform', deserve
special attention. The theme
hinted at is one of death and burial. In our scheme they occur at
just that time when the moon 'has died'! ...
... It may not have
gone unnoticed that the pupa [of the scarab], whose wings and legs
are encased at this stage of development, is very mummy-like. It has
even been pointed out that the egg-bearing ball of dung is created
in an underground chamber which is reached by a vertical shaft and
horizontal passage curiously reminiscent of Old Kingdom mastaba
tombs ...
.. Embalming is known
and practised with surprising skill in one particular family of
chiefs. Unlike the Egyptian method, as described by Herodotus, it is
performed in Samoa exclusively by women. The viscera being removed
and buried, they, day after day, anoint the body with a mixture of
oil and aromatic juices. To let the fluids escape, they continue to
puncture the body all over with fine needles.
In about two months, the process of desiccation is completed. The
hair, which had been cut and laid aside at the commencement of the
operation, is now glued carefully on to the scalp by a resin from
the bush. The abdomen is filled up with folds of native cloth; the
body is wrapped up with folds of the same material, and laid out on
a mat, leaving the hands, face, and head exposed
...
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