TRANSLATIONS

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In the House of Cockroaches the fire in the umu was extinguished and 'the ends' of burning toromiro wood were thrown out. In the 29th and 30th nights of the moon no light can be seen.

Aa8-26 Aa8-27 Aa8-28 Aa8-29
Aa8-30 Aa8-31 Aa8-32 Aa8-33

Then comes kava (Aa8-31) and a 'feathered mauga'.

Maybe the very prominent hoea in Aa8-33 has something to do with those 'nodding spirits':

46 Hare Hakangaegnae (13-15)

e tai a hare hakangaengae i te tahu hanga rikiriki

The 'house that makes breathless' (or the 'house where one nods to each other') is located 'towards the sea'. I was told that the exact location is in the area east of Hanga Pau Kura. The 'very small bays' are supposed to be located west of Hanga Pau Kura. In a different combination, the words may indicate tending a fire (tahuhanga) or a small-sized fire (rikiriki). In this case, one would suspect a connection with the preceding motif of the earth-oven ... Tuu Ko Ihu and the origin of the wooden figures may provide an alternative explanation: the 'house where one nods to each other' suggests the reaction of the spirits who are eavesdropping and think they are unrecognized (TP:68), while the 'little ones' may be the carved sculptures ...

We must return to kava in the glyph dictionary. Next page:

3. At a kava drink ceremony, the result is a change of state.

"Indeed, at the rituals of the installation, the chief is invested with the 'rule' or 'authority' (lewaa) over the land, but the land itself is not conveyed to him. The soil (qele) is specifically identified with the indigenous 'owners' (i taukei), a bond that cannot be abrogated. Hence the widespread assertion that traditionally (or before the Lands Commission) the chiefly clan was landless, except for what it had received in provisional title from the native owners, i.e., as marriage portion from the original people or by bequest as their sister's son ... 

The ruling chief has no corner on the means of production. Accordingly, he cannot compel his native subjects to servile tasks, such as providing or cooking his daily food, which are obligations rather of his own household, his own line, or of conquered people (nona tamata ga, qali kaisi sara). 

Yet even more dramatic conditions are imposed on the sovereignity at the time of the ruler's accession. Hocart observes that the Fijian chief is ritually reborn on this occasion; that is, as a domestic god. If so, someone must have killed him as a dangerous outsider. He is indeed killed by the indigenous people at the very moment of his consecration, by the offering of kava that conveys the land to his authority (lewaa). Grown from the leprous body of a sacrificed child of the native people, the kava the chief drinks poisons him."  

"Sacred product of the people's agriculture, the installation kava is brought forth in Lau by a representative of the native owners (mataqali Taqalevu), who proceeds to separate the main root in no ordinary way but by the violent thrusts of a sharp implement (probably, in the old time, a spear). Thus killed, the root (child of the land) is then passed to young men (warriors) of royal descent who, under the direction of a priest of the land, prepare and serve the ruler's cup ... 

...the tuu yaqona or cupbearer on this occasion should be a vasu i taukei e loma ni koro, 'sister´s son of the native owners in the center of the village'... Traditionally, remark, the kava root was chewed to make the infusion: The sacrificed child of the people is cannibalized by the young chiefs. 

The water of the kava, however, has a different symbolic provenance. The classic Cakaudrove kava chant, performed at the Lau installation rites, refers to it as sacred rain water from the heavens... This male and chiefly water (semen) in the womb of a kava bowl whose feet are called 'breasts' (sucu),

(pictures from Lindqvist showing very old Chinese cooking vessels)

and from the front of which, tied to the upper part of an inverted triangle, a sacred cord stretches out toward the chief ... 

The cord is decorated with small white cowries, not only a sign of chieftainship but by name, buli leka, a continuation of the metaphor of birth - buli, 'to form', refers in Fijian procreation theory to the conceptual acception of the male in the body of the woman. The sacrificed child of the people will thus give birth to the chief.

But only after the chief, ferocious outside cannibal who consumes the cannibalized victim, has himself been sacrificed by it. For when the ruler drinks the sacred offering, he is in the state of intoxication Fijians call 'dead from' (mateni) or 'dead from kava' (mate ni yaqona), to recover from which is explicitly 'to live' (bula). This accounts for the second cup the chief is alone accorded, the cup of fresh water. The god is immediately revived, brought again to life - in a transformed state."

"There is a further motivation of the same in the kava taken immediately after the chief's by the herald, a representative of the land. This drinking is 'to kick', rabeta, the chief's kava. Raberabe, the same reduplicated version, means 'a sickness', the result of kicking accidently against a 'drau-ni-kau'... The herald here takes the effects on himself: drau-ni-kau is the common name for 'sorcery'..." (Islands of History)

On Easter Island they had not the kava root. Instead they used the word kava for ginger (gingembre, according to Bishop Jaussen's word-list, ref.: Barthel). And ginger roots are yellow, twisted and knobby:

Picture from Internet (Wikipedia). It is said that the root of Zingiber - from Tamil Iñci Officinale - traditionally was eaten by pregnant Chinese women to 'combat morning sickness'. In India they apply it to the temples (i.e. to the sides of the head) as a paste to relieve headache. Both these uses harmonize with what has been proposed above.

Kava drinking is like dying (the 29th night of the moon), but then there is a revival with new bright light.

According to Barthel 2 the true kava plant was not grown on Easter Island:

"Two names absent from the [plant] list [of the immigrants] are kava and pia. While kava (Piper methysticum) is only mentioned in Rongorongo texts, pia 'arrow root' (Tacca pinnatifida) was actually grown on Easter Island (ME:158-159). Its mythical parents were supposedly 'Ira-pupue' and 'Ira-kaka', which Métraux translated as 'irrigation' and 'leaves'. The translation is open to argument."

But there was a fern named kavakava atua , which was "... used for medicinal purposes and was eaten during times of famine ..."

The name kavakava atua is translated as 'divine wrath' (literally, 'bitter is the god').

Nothing is said in Barthel 2 about ginger. Consulting my word list we can find kavapuhi:

... Mgv.: Kavapui, a tree. Ta.: avapuhi, a fragrant plant. Mq.: kavapui, wild ginger. Sa.: 'avapui, id. Ha.: awapuhi, id. Churchill.

This is interesting, because the 'fire' is blown out (puhi), at kava ceremonies:

Puhi

1. To blow; to light a fire; to extinguish, to blow out; he-puhi te umu, to light the fire for the earth oven. 2. To fish for lobsters at night using a bait (but during the day one calls it ); puhiga, night fishing spot. Vanaga.

To blow; puhi mai, to spring up; pupuhi, wind, fan, to blow, puffed up, to blow fresh, to ferment, to swell, to bloat, to spring out, to gush, yeast; pupuhi vai, syringe; pupuhi eve, squirt; pupuhi heenua, volley; pupuhi nunui, cannon; pupuhi nui, swivel gun; ahuahu pupuhi, amplitude; vai pupuhi, water which gushes forth; pupuhihia, to carry on the wind; hakapupuhi, to gush, leaven, volatilize; puhipuhi, to smoke, to smoke tobacco, a pipe. Churchill

Aa8-30
ka puhi i te ahi i te toga nui

Next page:

4. The impact of lightning and thunder - as if there was a pair of gods 'talking' to our eyes and ears - apparently makes nature wake up. A change of state mostly follows with fresh air and sun returning.

The kava glyph type is designed as a zigzag pattern, much like that written in lightning on the dark stormy sky.

Lightning and thunder work magic together creating sunligth and rain. Sunlight and rain are related:

"On February 9 the Chorti Ah K'in, 'diviners', begin the agricultural year. Both the 260-day cycle and the solar year are used in setting dates for religious and agricultural ceremonies, especially when those rituals fall at the same time in both calendars.

The ceremony begins when the diviners go to a sacred spring where they choose five stones with the proper shape and color. These stones will mark the five positions of the sacred cosmogram created by the ritual. When the stones are brought back to the ceremonial house, two diviners start the ritual by placing the stones on a table in a careful pattern that reproduces the schematic of the universe. At the same time, helpers under the table replace last year's diagram with the new one. They believe that by placing the cosmic diagram under the base of God at the center of the world they demonstrate that God dominates the universe.

The priests place the stones in a very particular order. First the stone that corresponds to the sun in the eastern, sunrise position of summer solstice is set down; then the stone corresponding to the western, sunset position of the same solstice. This is followed by stones representing the western, sunset position of the winter solstice, then its eastern, sunrise position. Together these four stones form a square. They sit at the four corners of the square just as we saw in the Creation story from the Classic period and in the Popol Vuh. Finally, the center stone is placed to form the ancient five-point sign modern researchers called the quincunx ...

Later on in this series of rituals, the Chorti go through a ceremony they call raising the sky. This ritual takes place at midnight on the twenty-fifth of April and continues each night until the rains arrive. In this ceremony two diviners and their wives sit on benches so that they occupy the corner positions of the cosmic square. They take their seats in the same order as the stones were placed, with the men on the eastern side and the women on the west. The ritual actions of sitting down and lifting upward are done with great precision and care, because they are directly related to the actions done by the gods at Creation. The people represent the gods of the four corners and the clouds that cover the earth. As they rise from their seats, they metaphorically lift the sky. If their lifting motion is uneven, the rains will be irregular and harmful." (Maya Cosmos)

One of the effects of kava drinking is to enhance the sensitivity of the eyes - light appears to be growing.

Lightning and thunder belong to Thursday:

Hb9-39 Hb9-40 Hb9-41 Hb9-42 Hb9-43 Hb9-44 Hb9-45 Hb9-46 Hb9-47

However, there are signs in these kava glyphs. The situation is similar in P:

Pb10-46 Pb10-47 Pb10-48 Pb10-49 Pb10-50 Pb10-51

This complicates matters, otherwise it would have been easy to begin by referring to Thursday in the glyph dictionary.

Instead we have to start somewhere else:

There is only one certain example of the kava glyph type in Tahua, viz. Aa8-31:
Aa8-26 Aa8-27 Aa8-28 Aa8-29 Aa8-30 Aa8-31 Aa8-32 Aa8-33

A mauga with 'feathers' emerges from this kava sign. Mauga probably means the dark end state of the 'old fire' and here the dark state is transformed into its opposite, 6 'fiery feather' signs appear at the top of the 'mountain'. Probably the 'old fire' (sun) is reborn again (like a Phoenix bird).

In Aa8-30 it looks as if a 'fist' is opening up like a 'sun flower'. Metoro's words at Aa8-30--31: ka puhi i te ahi i te toga nui e hua o te pua presumably were meant to convey the sense of a fire (ahi) being blown upon (puhi) in the great darkness (winter) - i te toga nui. The last part (e hua o te pua) may mean the 'fruit' (hua) of the 'flower' (pua) - the seed (of the 'sunflower') generates a new flower.

The pair of tapa mea glyphs in Aa8-28--29 indicates a change of state from light to darkness (also expressed by their ordinal numbers 28 and 29). The viri in Aa8-26 is cut off short at the upper end, and in Aa8-27 the sky (ragi) no longer has any light (no moon sign). Number 26 is expressing the last phase of sun (similar to the 16th and last night of growing moon).

Tahua has 4 viri glyphs, and Aa8-26 is unusual in being cut off short instead of continuing into the normal pointed end. Presumably the intention is to express the demise of the old sun in another way than in P, where 'te pito' (Pb9-33) can be regarded as the 4th special member of a group with 3 viri:

Ab1-1 Ab7-26 Aa5-7 Aa8-26 Pb9-33

Metoro began his reading of Tahua at the beginning of side b, with Ab1-1. We can imagine a 'birth' at Ab1-1, followed by growing and reaching maximum stature at Ab7-26, then declining (Aa5-7 is slightly bent forward as if old) and the inevitable 'finish' at Aa8-26 (59 glyphs before rebirth at Ab1-1). Twice 29.5 (number of nights in a month) is 59 and the number alludes to the end of a pair of twin seasons.

26 in Aa8-26 indicates how the 'mauga phase' of the 'old king' is similar to the maximum (midsummer) phase of his twin (in Ab7-26).

Mauga with 'feathers of light' is a type of glyph used also in e.g. Mamari.

Interestingly, the word pua was used for zingiberaceae on Easter Island:

Pua, pu'a

Pua. 1. A zingiberacea (plant of which few specimens are left on the island). 2. Flower: pua ti, ti flower, pua taro, taro flower, pua maúku pasture flower; pua nakonako, a plant which grows on steep slopes and produce red, edible berries. 3. Pua tariga (or perhaps pu'a tariga), anciently, hoops put in earlobes. 4. The nanue fish when young and tender. Puapua, summit, top, upper part; te puapua o te maúga, the top of the mountain; te puapua kupega, the upper part of a fishing net. Vanaga.

Pu'a. 1. (Modern form of pu'o), to cover up something or oneself, to put on; ka-pu'a te ha'u, put on your hat; ka-pu'a-mai te nua, cover me up with a blanket. 2. To respond to the song of the first group of singers; to sing the antistrophe; he-pu'a te tai. 3. To help; ka-pu'a toou rima ki a Timo ite aga, help Timothy with the work. 4. Pu'a-hare, to help a relative in war or in any need; ka-oho, ka-pu'a-hare korua, ko ga kope, go, give your relative a hand, lads. 5. To speak out in someone's favour; e pu'a-mai toou re'o kia au, speak in my favour, intercede for me. Pu'apu'a, to hit, to beat. Vanaga.

1. Flower, ginger, soap; pua mouku, grass. 2. To grease, to coat with tar, to pitch; pua ei meamea, to make yellow. Puapua, a piece of cloth. Mgv.: pua, a flower, turmeric, starchy matter of the turmeric and hence soap. Mq.: pua, a flower, soap. Ta.: pua, id. Ma.: puapua, cloth wrapped about the arm. Churchill.

'Red Torch' (Etlingera elatior), an example of zingiberaceae according to Wikipedia.

Pua Katiki, at the top of the mountain of Poike, suddenly becomes interesting as a possible station for a kava ceremony.

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

He Anakena (July)

Tagaroa uri (October)

Tua haro (January)

Vaitu nui (April)

Te Pei

Te Pou

Tama

One Tea

Mahatua

Taharoa

Nga Kope Ririva

Te Pu Mahore

Hora iti (August)

Ko Ruti (November)

Tehetu'upú (February)

Vaitu potu (May)

Hua Reva

Akahanga

Hanga Takaure

Poike

Hanga Hoonu

Rangi Meamea

Te Poko Uri

Te Manavai

Hora nui (September)

Ko Koró (December)

Tarahao (March)

He Maro (June)

Hatinga Te Kohe

Roto Iri Are

Pua Katiki

Maunga Teatea

Peke Tau O Hiti

Mauga Hau Epa

Te Kioe Uri

Te Piringa Aniva

The 'head' of the sun will roll down the mountain on the other side, I guess.

Pua nakonako is a plant on the immigrant list. My word list: ... pua nakonako, a plant which grows on steep slopes and produce red, edible berries ...

... Teke said to Oti, 'Go and take the hauhau tree, the paper mulberry tree, rushes, tavari plants, uku koko grass, riku ferns, ngaoho plants, the toromiro tree, hiki kioe plants (Cyperus vegetus), the sandalwood tree, harahara plants, pua nakonako plants, nehenehe ferns, hua taru grass, poporo plants, bottle gourds (ipu ngutu), kohe plants, kavakava atua ferns, fragrant tuere heu grass, tureme grass (Diochelachne sciurea), matie grass, and the two kinds of cockroaches makere and hata ...

The name Oti alludes to koti-koti as in the 'noon' break. I have written:

... In the Mamari moon calendar the full moon glyph (Ca7-24) probably illustrates this old woman sitting down eating by the fire:

The waxing moon is finished and the waning moon must now start. I guess that the left henua is the sun illuminating the waxing moon and the right henua the sun illuminating the waning moon. There is a break (a cardinal point) at full moon. So someone has to start the new 'limb' of 'fire' - the old woman in the moon.

There should be a structurally similar situation at noon. The first half of the day ('waxing sun') is finished and the second half ('waning sun') must be initiated. The old woman (nuahine) will stop (arrest) the waxing sun and start the waning sun on its path towards the western horizon.

If this is a correct reading (of Metoro), then the text describes a discontinuation at noon. The path of the sun is broken in two pieces: before noon and after noon. These ideas agree with rangi kote kote [kotikoti] ('cielo kotekote' ), which I think means 'sky cut up into pieces' ...

Kotikoti

To cut with scissors (since this is an old word and scissors do not seem to have existed, it must mean something of the kind). Vanaga.

To tear; kokoti, to cut, to chop, to hew, to cleave, to assassinate, to amputate, to scar, to notch, to carve, to use a knife, to cut off, to lop, to gash, to mow, to saw; kokotiga kore, indivisible; kokotihaga, cutting, gash furrow. Churchill.

A further 'proof' is the different meanings  (yet belonging together to the same scene seen from the Polynesian perspective) of nako (as in pua nakonako:

Nako

1. Fat, grease, lard, marrow, tallow. PS Mq.: nako, turtle meat; kao, fat. Pau.: akohaga, meat. Ta.: ao, fat of fowl or fish. Sa.: gaó, fat, lard. To., Fu., Niuē, Ma.: gako, id. Had Monseigneur Dordillon eaten his way to the civic chair of London instead of coming to a starveling preferment in the bishopric of a savage diocese he would surely have defined the nako of the Marquesan turtle in terms of calipash and calipee. 2. Squamous, scurfy. 3. Pau.: Nanako, to tattoo. Ta.: nanao, tattooing. Churchill.

The dead body of the chief is pricked (as if tattooed) to let the fluids out, and later when he is completely dried out (like a cockroach) he is put on the platform (hata):

(Ref. Van Tilburg)

... The separate subgroup (29 makere - 30 hata) consists of the names of two types of cockroaches, but in related eastern Polynesian languages these names can also be explained on a different level. MAO. makere, among others, 'to die', and whata, among others, 'to be laid to rest on a platform', deserve special attention. The theme hinted at is one of death and burial. In our scheme they occur at just that time when the moon 'has died'! ...

... It may not have gone unnoticed that the pupa [of the scarab], whose wings and legs are encased at this stage of development, is very mummy-like. It has even been pointed out that the egg-bearing ball of dung is created in an underground chamber which is reached by a vertical shaft and horizontal passage curiously reminiscent of Old Kingdom mastaba tombs ...

.. Embalming is known and practised with surprising skill in one particular family of chiefs. Unlike the Egyptian method, as described by Herodotus, it is performed in Samoa exclusively by women. The viscera being removed and buried, they, day after day, anoint the body with a mixture of oil and aromatic juices. To let the fluids escape, they continue to puncture the body all over with fine needles. In about two months, the process of desiccation is completed. The hair, which had been cut and laid aside at the commencement of the operation, is now glued carefully on to the scalp by a resin from the bush. The abdomen is filled up with folds of native cloth; the body is wrapped up with folds of the same material, and laid out on a mat, leaving the hands, face, and head exposed ...