In order to keep track of the positions of the fixed stars in the night a 'line of fire' at the horizon in the east should be drawn down from the star at the pole. At spring equinox this line corresponded to where in the morning the Sun rose up at dawn. At midsummer the line had shifted ahead to noon, etc. When the Earth moved around the Sun the heliacal direction to some specific star would change correspondingly.

In midwinter the right ascension line for star observations could therefore be expected to be at midnight.

dawn	noon	sundown	midnight
equinox	midsummer	equinox	midwinter
0h	6h	12h	18h

... A Scorpion-Man plays also another part in the cosmology of the Babylonians. The Scorpion-Man and his wife guard the gate leading to the Maśu mountain(s), and watch the sun at rising and setting. Their upper part reaches to the sky, and their irtu (breast?) to the lower regions (Epic of Gistubar 60,9). After Gistubar has traversed the Maśu Mountain, he reaches the sea. This sea lies to the east or south-east. However obscure these conceptions may be, and however they may render a general idea impossible, one thing is clear, that the Scorpion-Men are to be imagined at the boundary between land and sea, upper and lower world, and in such a way that the upper or human portion belongs to the upper region, and the lower, the Scorpion body, to the lower. Hence the Scorpion-Man represents the boundary between light and darkness, between the firm land and the water region of the world.

Marduk, the god of light, and vanquisher of Tiamat, i.e. the ocean, has for a symbol the Bull = Taurus, into which he entered in spring.

This leads almost necessarily to the supposition that both the Bull and the Scorpion were located in the heavens at a time when the sun had its vernal equinox in Taurus and its autumnal equinox in Scorpio, and that in their principal parts or most conspicuous star groups; hence probably in the vicinity of Alderbaran and Antares, or at an epoch when the principal parts of Taurus and Scorpio appeared before the sun at the equinoxes. [Cited from Jensen in his 'Kosmologie der Babylonier']

If my suggestion be admitted that the Babylonians dealt not with the daily fight but the yearly fight between light and darkness - that is, the antithesis between day and night was expanded into the antithesis between the summer and the winter halves of the year - then it is clear that at the vernal equinox Scorpio setting in the west would be watching the sunrise; at the autumnal equinox rising in the east, it would be watching the sunset; one part would be visible in the sky, the other would be below the horizon in the celestial waters. If this be so, all obscurity disappears, and we have merely a very beautiful statement of a fact, from which we learn that the time to which the fact applied was about 3000 B.C., if the sun were then near the Pleiades ...

In the Mesopotamian cylinder seal above we can see how the Lion (the Sun) entered into the reversed hide of the Bull, because the precious vase was no longer vertical but had changed its orientation to horizontal. It was empty and dry. The movement was towards the left. If the Bull ruled during summer, then he should be finished at sundown.

In the lower register the perceived movement was continuing under the earth and now towards the right (back to the origin), from X marking the seat all the way to the top of the earth mountain.

Although Vega had been at the pole about 26000 / 2 years ago it was easy to count 90 days from sundown to find its current position. 271 + 90 = 361.

8				65 = 361 - 296
OCT 16 (289)	5.0	*OCT 21 (214)**	2	Oct 24 ('217)	6	*OCT 31 (224)**	NOV 1 (305)	56	DEC 28 (362)

Ga8-6 (209)		Ga8-11 (214)		Ga8-14 (217)		Ga8-21 (224)	Ga8-22 (225)		Gb2-27 (282)
*18h (273.4)**		*ξ Pavonis (278.4)**		VEGA		*NUNKI (288.4)**	τ Sagittarii		*346
Dec 19 (353)		X-MAS EVE (358)		*Dec 27 (19 19 = 361)**		Jan 3 (368)	*19h (289.4)**		March 2 (61)
73 = 361 - 288

365 - 361 = 4 and together with 181 (June 30) this was 185 days.

361	4	366	179	181	178	360
Dec 27		Jan 1		June 30		Dec 26
5		180		180
365

The primary cardinal point was the winter the solstice.

Vega was 6 days after the December solstice (355) and Sirius was 6 days after Canopus (175), i.e. 175 + 180 = 355.

And when watching the culmination right ascension line of Vega at 21h (halfway from 18h to 24h) after which the Sun would rise in August 13 (225 = 180 + 45), it could be deduced that the right ascension line of Sirius would be half a year away:

CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON:

DEC 7 (*261)

9 (7 * 7 * 7)

11 (345)

12 (*266)

Gb2-6 (9 * 29)

Gb2-7

Gb2-8

Gb2-9 (35)

Gb2-10

Gb2-11 (266)

BUNDA (Foundation) / KAKKAB NAMMAΧ (Star of Mighty Destiny)

θ Piscis Austrini (330.1), λ Oct. (330.7)

Al Sa'd al Su'ud-22 (Luckiest of the Lucky) / Emptiness-11 (Rat)

TSIN = 36 Capricorni (325.2), ALPHIRK (The Flock) = β Cephei (325.7), SADALSUD = β Aquarii, ξ Gruis (325.9)

No star listed (326)

CASTRA = ε Capricorni (327.2), BUNDA = ξ Aquarii (327.5)

~~SIRIUS (α Canis Majoris)~~

Mahar sha hi-na Shahū-26 (Western One in the Tail of the Goat)

NASHIRA = γ Capricorni (328.0), ν Oct. (328.3), AZELFAFAGE = π¹ Cygni, κ Capricorni (328.7)

Arkat sha hi-na Shahū-27 (Eastern One in the Tail of the Goat)

ENIF (The Nose) = ε Pegasi, ERAKIS = μ Cephei (329.2), 46 CAPRICORNI, JIH (the Sun) = κ Pegasi (329.3), ι Piscis Austrini (329.4), λ Capricorni (329.6), ν Cephei (329.7), DENEB ALGIEDI = δ Capricorni (329.8)

*288.0 = *329.4 - *41.4

Febr 9 (40)

(343 + 64)

(408 = 43 + 365)

All Hearts' Day

... On February 9 the Chorti Ah K'in, 'diviners', begin the agricultural year. Both the 260-day cycle and the solar year are used in setting dates for religious and agricultural ceremonies, especially when those rituals fall at the same time in both calendars. The ceremony begins when the diviners go to a sacred spring where they choose five stones with the proper shape and color. These stones will mark the five positions of the sacred cosmogram created by the ritual. When the stones are brought back to the ceremonial house, two diviners start the ritual by placing the stones on a table in a careful pattern that reproduces the schematic of the universe. At the same time, helpers under the table replace last year's diagram with the new one. They believe that by placing the cosmic diagram under the base of God at the center of the world they demonstrate that God dominates the universe. The priests place the stones in a very particular order. First the stone that corresponds to the sun in the eastern, sunrise position of summer solstice is set down; then the stone corresponding to the western, sunset position of the same solstice. This is followed by stones representing the western, sunset position of the winter solstice, then its eastern, sunrise position. Together these four stones form a square. They sit at the four corners of the square just as we saw in the Creation story from the Classic period and in the Popol Vuh. Finally, the center stone is placed to form the ancient five-point sign modern researchers called the quincunx ...

°Febr 5

8 (*324)

10 (41)

'Jan 13 (378)

15 (*300)

18 (383)

"Dec 30

"Jan 1

3 (368)

CLOSE TO THE SUN:

JUNE 7 (*78)

10 (161)

Fibonacci: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55 ... → 1.618033998 ... = φ = (1 + √5) / 2.

... The month, which takes its name from Juppiter the oak-god, begins on June 10th and ends of July 7th. Midway comes St. John's Day, June 24th, the day on which the oak-king was sacrificially burned alive. The Celtic year was divided into two halves with the second half beginning in July, apparently after a seven-day wake, or funeral feast, in the oak-king's honour ...

The Knot (Ukdah)

5 Imix 9 Kumk'u

Rishu A.-13 (Head of the Lion)

ψ Leonis (146.4), RAS ELASET AUSTRALIS = ε Leonis (146.6)

*105.0 = *146.4 - *41.4

VATHORZ PRIOR = υ Carinae (147.9)

Star-25 (Horse) / ANA-HEU-HEU-PO-5 (Pillar where debates were held)

ALPHARD (The Horse) = α Hydrae (142.3), ω Leonis (142.6), τ¹ Hydrae (142.7)

Al Tarf-7 (The End)

ψ Velorum (143.3), ALTERF = λ Leonis, τ² Hydrae (143.4), ξ Leonis (143.5)

*102.0 = *143.4 - *41.4

A Hydrae (144.1)

~~VEGA (α Lyrae)~~

Creation of our present world

UKDAH (Knot) = ι Hydrae (145.4), κ Hydrae (145.5), SUBRA = ο Leonis (145.8)

*104.0 = *145.4 - *41.4

~~ALPHEKKA MERIDIANA~~

Aug 10

13 (*145)

15 (227)

°Aug 6

8 (220)

11 (*143)

'July 14

17 (*118)

19 (200)

"June 30

"July 1

3 (*104)

5 (186)

*Itzam-Yeh defeated*	*28 May (148), 3149 BC*
*1st 3-stone place*	*21 May (141), 3114 BC*
*Creation of our present world*	*13 August (225), 3114 BC*
*Och ta chan (Hun-Nal-Ye 'entered or became the sky')*	*5 February (36), 3112 BC*
*21 May, 3114 BC - 5 February, 3112 BC = 542*
**542 'happens to be' the sum of 365 days and 6 29½ nights.***

.. In three magnificent texts at the site of Koba, scribes recorded it as one of the largest finite numbers we humans have ever written. According to these inscriptions, our world was created on the day 4 Ahaw 8 Kumk'u. On this day all the cycles of the Maya calendar above twenty years were set at thirteen - that is to say, the cycles of 400 years, 8,000 years, 160,000 years, 32,000,000 years, and so on, all the way up to a cycle number extending to twenty places (20₂₁ * 1360-day year).

In our calendar, this day fell on August 13, 3114 BC. To understand what this means, we need a little scale. The thirteens in this huge number act like the twelve in our cycles - the next hour after twelve is one.

Thirteen changed to one as each of these cycles in the Maya calendar was completed, therefore, we have the following sequence:

*13.*	*13.*	*13.*	0.	0.	0.	1.	*5 Imix*	*9 Kumk'u*	*(Aug. 14, 3114 B.C.)*
*13.*	*13.*	*13.*	0.	0.	1.	0.	*11 Ahaw*	*3 Pop*	*(Sept. 2, 3114 B.C.)*
*13.*	*13.*	*13.*	0.	1.	0.	0.	*13 Ahaw*	*3 Kumk'u*	*(Aug.7, 3113 B.C.)*
*13.*	*13.*	*13.*	1.	0.	0.	0.	*2 Ahaw*	*8 Mak*	*(May 1, 3094 B.C.)*
*13.*	*13.*	1.	0.	0.	0.	0.	*3 Ahaw*	*13 Ch'en*	*(Nov. 15, 2720 B.C.)*
*13.*	*13.*	*13.*	0.	0.	0.	0.	*4 Ahaw*	*3 K'ank'in*	*(Dec. 23, A.D. 2012)*
*13.*	1.	0.	0.	0.	0.	0.	*10 Ahaw*	*13 Yaxk'in*	*(Oct. 15, A.D. 4772)*
1.	0.	0.	0.	0.	0.	0.	*7 Ahaw*	*3 Zotz'*	*(Nov. 22, A.D. 154587)*

... This pot depicts one of the Hero Twins (One-Ahaw in the Classic texts and One-Hunaphu in the K'iche' Popol Vuh) and a great bird who is trying to land in a huge ceiba tree heavy with fruit. This mythical bird is Itzam-Yeh, Classic prototype of Wuqub-Kaqix, 'Seven-Macaw', of Popol Vuh fame. In that story, in the time before the sky was lifted up to make room for the light, the vainglorious Seven-Macaw imagined himself to be the sun. Offended by his pride, the Hero Twins humbled him by breaking his beautiful shining tooth with a pellet from their blowgun. This pot shows One-Ahaw aiming at the bird as he swoops down to land in his tree. As Itzam-Yeh lands on his perch, the text tells us he is 'entering or becoming the sky'.

This particular 'sky-entering' is not the one mentioned in the Palenque text. It is the final event that occurred in the previous creation before the universe was remade. Before the sky could be raised and the real sun revealed in all its splendor, the Hero Twins had to put the false sun, Itzam-Yeh, in his place. If the date on this pot corresponds to that pre-Columbian event, as we believe it does, then Itzam-Yeh was defeated on 12.18.4.5.0.1 Ahaw 3 K'ank'in (May 28, 3149 B.C.). After the new universe was finally brought into existence, First Father also entered the sky by landing in the tree, just as Itzam-Yeh did ...

Allen:

"... in Egypt it was Ma'at, the Vulture-star, when it marked the pole, - this was 12000 to 11000 B.C. (!), - and Lockyer, that it was the orientation point of some of the temples at Denderah long antecedent to the time when γ Draconis and α Ursae Majoris were so used, - probably 7000 B.C., - one of the oldest dates claimed by him in connection with Egyptian temple worship."