Early I had the idea that possibly the long texts, such for
instance as that on the Tahua tablet, might be explained
by having more than one glyph per day, e.g. 2 or 3. I no
longer think so. Everything suggests there was always one
glyph - or to be more exact: one glyph position - per right
ascension day.
Instead, part of the explanation might be that the texts
were long because some time cycles were longer than a year. But
the structure of the G text puzzled me, for although much
indicated its length should be 16 * 29½ right ascension days
(472 glyph positions, 8 synodic double-months) - how could the sequence of stars in
parallel with these right ascension days (glyphs) go on
without interruption (being recycled) time and again? Maybe the
tail was swallowed:
|
SMALL
SANTIAGO (G) |
|
a1 |
30 |
30 |
b1 |
26 |
26 |
|
a2 |
29 |
59 |
b2 |
35 |
61 |
|
a3 |
24 |
83 |
b3 |
30 |
91 |
|
a4 |
27 |
110 |
b4 |
33 |
124 |
|
a5 |
30 |
140 |
b5 |
29 |
153 |
|
a6 |
29 |
169 |
b6 |
28 |
181 |
|
a7 |
34 |
203 |
b7 |
31 |
212 |
|
a8 |
26 |
229 |
b8 |
30 |
242 |
|
sum |
229 = 235 - 6 |
sum |
242 = 236 + 6 |
|
229 + 242 =
471 ( = 16 * 29½ - 1 = 314 * 150% = 364 + 107 =
348 + 123) |
|
 |
Now this problem should be looked at again. For reasonably
there were more established conventions than the rule of one
glyph per right ascension day, and we have found that both
the A and the C texts have a beginning of their side b at the place where
- according to a simple extrapolation from the rate of the
precession - in
Roman times the northern spring equinox would have been located. This
could therefore be a place in time-space where the common view of time should be shifting (rutua te
maeva) from daytime to the stars in the nighttime.
.jpg)
In China they had evidently shifted their view in order to
look at the stars for 3 nights because the solstice was
ahead:
... From FEBRUARY 1 to JANUARY 31 there
were 365 days. From January 1 to April 5 there were 365 + 95
= 460 days. ... In China, every
year about the beginning of April, certain officials called
Sz'hüen used of old to go about the country armed
with wooden clappers. Their business was to summon the
people and command them to put out every fire. This was the
beginning of the season called Han-shih-tsieh, or
'eating of cold food'. For three days all household fires
remained extinct as a preparation for the solemn renewal of
the fire, which took place on the fifth or sixth day after
the winter solstice [Sic!] ... Day 355 (winter solstice
north of the equator) + 6 = 361 = 19 * 19. Or in a leap
year: 356 + 5 = 361 = 19 * 19. 355 (356) - 3 = 352 (353) =
December 18 (*272) = *89 (June 18) + *183. There were 3 days
from June 18 to June 21 (solstice) ...
|
FEBR 12 (408) |
13 |
14 (45) |
15 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Ab1-1 |
Ab1-2 |
Ab1-3 |
Ab1-4 |
|
Te hoea |
rutua te pahu |
rutua te maeva |
atua rerorero - atua ata
tuu |
|
Ata 1. Dawn, first light
before sunrise; ku-hamu-á te ata, dawn
has broken; ku-tehe-á te ata, it's
already dawn (lit.: the lights have flown). 2.
Particle inserted between the imperative prefix
ka and the verb to signify 'well,
carefully, intelligently':
ka-ata-hakarivariva, prepare it well.
Between the prefix e and kahara it
expresses 'to make sure that, to take good care
that...' : e-ata-kahara koe o oona, be
careful not to get dirty; e-ata-kahara koe o
kori te moa o te tahi pa, be sure not to
steal chickens of another property. 3. More:
iti, small; ata iti, smaller;
he-ata-ata iti-iti ró, the smallest of all.
Vanaga. Âta 1. Shadow: he-veveri te
poki, ana tikea toona âta, the child is
frightened at seeing his shadow; person's
reflection (in mirror, in water): he âta
oou-á, it's your own reflection. 2. To be
frightened by a shadow: he-âta te îka,
the fish are frightened (and they flee) by
people's shadows. Vanaga. 1. Image, picture,
portrait, design; to draw, to paint (shadow
sense). P Mgv: ata, image, likeness,
portrait, shadow of a human being, form, shape,
appearance, imprint, impression. Mq.: ata,
image, statue, portrait, shadow, surface; to
design, to mark. Ta.: ata, shade, shadow
appearance, form, representation of an object,
cloud, cloudy. 2. Transparency, end of day,
sunset (bright sense); e ata, red clouds;
ku ata, transparent; ata mea,
ata tea, ata tehe, dawn, daybreak,
sunrise; ataata, end of day, sunset. P
Mgv.: ata, morning or evening twilight,
daybreak, dawn; ata haihai, evening
twilight, a beautiful sunset; ataiai,
twilight, clouds red with the sunset;
atakurakura, a beautiful sunrise or sunset;
atareureu, dawn, the first peep of day,
morning twilight. Mq.: ata, to appear, to
rise, to shine (of stars); ata uá,
morning twilight; ataata, diaphanous,
transparent. Ta.: ata, twilight. 3. A
designation of space; ata hakahohonu,
abyss; ata hakaneke mai, nearby, close at
hand; ata tapa, lateral, marginal. 4 ?
Ata kimikimi, to inquire; ata puo, to
hill a plant; ata ui, to examine, to
taste. Churchill. Atahenua (ata 3
- henua 1), landscape, countryside.
Atakai: 1. Generous, hospitable, beneficent,
indulgent, liberal, obliging; prodigality,
indulgence; rima atakai, benevolent,
generous, open-handed; gift, liberality. 2.
Calm, unperturbed, grateful. Churchill.
Ata-ta T, evening (? ataata).
Atatehe (ata 2 - tehe 1),
dawn; popohaga atatehe, morning, early in
the morning. Churchill. |
|
Al Sharatain-1 /
Ashvini-1 /
Bond-16 (Dog) /
Mahrū-sha-rishu-ku-1 (Front of the Head of Ku)
SEGIN =
ε
Cassiopeia, MESARTHIM =
γ
Arietis,
ψ
Phoenicis (27.2),
SHERATAN (Pair of Signs)
=
β
Arietis,
φ
Phoenicis (27.4)
*351.0 = *27.4 - *41.4 |
ι Arietis (28.0), λ Arietis (28.2), υ Ceti
(28.8) |
ALRISHA (The Knot)
= α Piscium,
χ Phoenicis (29.2),
ε
Trianguli (29.4),
ALAMAK (Caracal)
= γ Andromedae
(29.7)
*353.0 = *29.4 - *41.4 |
Arku-sha-rishu-ku-2 (Back of the Head of Ku)
2h (30.4)
κ
Arietis (30.3),
HAMAL (Sheep)
=
α
Arietis
(30.5)
ALKES (α
Crateris)
*354.0 = *30.4 - *41.4 |
|
...
The present limit of the celestial polar regions
can be defined from the declination of the star
γ Andromedae ... Its current place is at
declination 42º 05' N. In other words the
measure across the polar regions should be 2 *
(90º - 42º 05') = 2 * 47º 55' = 95º 50' or
around 96º. The width of the polar regions is
thus around 2 * 96º = 192º and 360 - 192 = 168 =
2 * 84 (→ Julian spring equinox).
 |
|
April 17 (80
+ 27 = 107) |
18 |
19 |
20 |
|
'March 21 (0h) |
22 |
23 |
24 |
|
"March 7 |
8 |
9 |
10 (*354) |
|
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON: |
|
AUG 14 |
15 (227 = 291 -
64) |
16 (*148) |
17 |
|
MUPHRID (Solitary Star) = η Bootis
(210.1), ζ Centauri (210.3) |
φ Centauri (211.0), υ¹ Centauri (211.1), υ²
Centauri (211.8), τ Virginis (211.9) |
AGENA (At the Knee) =
β
Centauri
(212.1),
θ
Apodis (212.5),
THUBAN
(Dragon)
=
α
Draconis
(212.8) |
14h (213.1)
π
Hydrae,
χ
Centauri (213.0),
MENKENT (Shoulder of the Centaur) =
θ
Centauri
(213.1) |
|
Oct
17 (290) |
18 |
19 |
20 |
|
'Sept 20 |
21 (264 = 291 - 27) |
EQUINOX |
23 |
|
"Sept 6 |
7 (250 = 291 - 41) |
8 |
9 |
... The sky should be moving
(rutua te maeva) at the Caracal -
when the Full Moon would have been at right
ascension day *29.4 + *365¼ / 2 = *212 = at
Thuban.
...
Thuban had been the star at the North Pole
when the great Egyptian pyramids where built
... The star could be seen, both by day and
night, from the bottom of the central
passage of the Great Pyramid of Cheops (Knum
Khufu) at Ghizeh, in 30° of north
latitude, as also from the similar points in
five other like structures; and the same
fact is asserted by Sir John Herschel as to
the two pyramids at Abousseir ...
... For
some reason, too, it had taken their fancy
to place the Great Pyramid almost exactly on
the 30th parallel at latitude 29º 58' 51".
This, a former astronomer royal of Scotland
once observed, was 'a sensible defalcation
from 30º', but not necessarily in error: For
if the original designer had wished that men
should see with their body, rather than
their mental eyes, the pole of the sky from
the foot of the Great Pyramid, at an
altitude before them of 30º, he would have
had to take account of the refraction
of the
atmosphere, and that
would have necessitated the building
standing not at 30º but at 29º 58' 22' ...
|
On the C tablet the position of Arcturus (as viewed in
the nighttime) had presumably determined when the sky
should be moving (rutua te maeva) and therefore
also when drums should be sounding. Time moved
counterclockwise down below - when Father Sun
had gone down below the horizon - and thus thunder would come
before alighting. And when north of the equator summer
was ahead, it was the opposite down on Easter Island -
summer would arrive half a year later, in September
instead of in March:
|
SHERATAN
(*27.4) |
2 * 7 = 14 |
BHARANI
(*41.4) |
6 * 29 = 348
/ 2 |
ARCTURUS
(*215.4) |
|
14 + 174 =
188 |
|
FEBR 16 |
17 (413 = 14
* 29½) |
 |
 |
|
Cb1-5 |
Cb1-6 (6 +
392) |
|
rutua - te
pahu - rutua te maeva |
|
Maeva.
T. 1. Move. Rangi-maeva = Moving Sky
(name of a marae).
2. Greet, greeting. Henry. |
|
DELTOTUM (Δ)
= β Trianguli
(31.2), ι Trianguli (31.7), η Arietis (31.9) |
ξ¹ Ceti
(32.1) |
|
April 21
(111) |
22 (*32) |
|
Julian equinox |
'March 26 (85) |
|
"March 11
(*355) |
12 (436 = 365 + 71) |
|
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON: |
|
AUG 18 (216 + 14) |
19 (231 = 48
+ 183) |
|
... It was 4 August 1968, and it was
the feast day of Saint Dominic, patron of Santo Domingo
Pueblo, southwest of Santa Fe. At one end of the hot,
dusty plaza, a Dominican priest watched nervously as
several hundred dancers arranged in two long rows
pounded the earth with their moccasined feet as a
mighty, collective prayer for rain, accompanied by the
powerful baritone singing of a chorus and the beat of
drums. As my family and I viewed this, the largest and
in some ways the most impressive Native American public
ceremony, a tiny cloud over the Jémez Mountains to the
northwest got larger and larger, eventually filling up
the sky; at last the storm broke, and the sky was
crisscrossed by lightning and the pueblo resounded with
peals of rolling thunder ... |
|
Neck-2 (Dragon)
ASELLUS TERTIUS (3rd Ass Colt) =
κ
Bootis,
κ
Virginis,
14 Bootis
(214.8) |
Al Ghafr-13 (The Cover) /
Svāti-15 (Very Good) /
TAHUA-TAATA-METUA-TE-TUPU-MAVAE-6 (a pillar to
stand by)
15 Bootis
(215.2),
ARCTURUS =
α
Bootis (215.4),
ASELLUS SECUNDUS (2nd Ass Colt) =
ι
Bootis
(215.5),
SYRMA (Train of the Virgin's Robe) =
ι
Virginis,
λ
Bootis (215.6),
η
Apodis (215.8)
*174.0 = *215.4 - *41.4 |
|
21 |
Oct 22 (295) |
|
24 |
'Sept 25 (*188) |
|
10 |
"Sept 11 (254) |
|
Egyptian
hand |
 |
Phoenician kaph |
 |
Greek
kappa |
Κ (κ) |
|
Kaph is thought to
have been derived from a pictogram of a hand
(in both modern Arabic and modern Hebrew,
kaph means palm/grip) ...
... The
manik, with the tzab, or
serpent's rattles as prefix, runs across
Madrid tz. 22 , the figures in the pictures
all holding the rattle; it runs across the
hunting scenes of Madrid tz. 61, 62, and
finally appears in all four clauses of tz.
175, the so-called 'baptism' tzolkin. It
seems impossible, with all this, to avoid
assigning the value of grasping or
receiving. But in the final confirmation, we
have the direct evidence of the signs for
East and West. For the East we have the
glyph Ahau-Kin, the Lord Sun, the
Lord of Day; for the West we have
Manik-Kin, exactly corresponding to the
term Chikin, the biting or eating of
the Sun, seizing it in the mouth.
The pictures (from Gates)
show east, north, west, and south;
respectively (the lower two glyphs) 'Lord'
(Ahau) and 'grasp' (Manik).
Manik was the 7th day sign of the 20 and
Ahau the last ... |
Sounds (rattles, wooden clappers, drums, beating of
moccasined feet) alerted of the coming change
from one side to the other. All kitchen fires
were stamped out and for 3 days only cold food could be
served - possibly to be counted from April 19 (*29) to 21
(*32).
Although the geography of Easter Island suggests a
triangular (Δ) shape,
.jpg)
the withershins voyage around the 'island' by Makoi was
described on page 37 (= one more than 36) of Manuscript E as if Easter
Island had only 2 sides.
... Makoi went on, giving names,
until he had made a (complete) circle around both sides (of
the island). In Apina Nui a stone (maea) was
erected, saying that the naming was done on a (round) trip
during a single day ... [E:37]
... It seems possible that when Makoi went by himself
withershins around the whole island it was an allusion to
the last day in the Sun calendar, that day which was between
day 364 and the first day of the new year (i.e. the day in
the expression 'a year and a day') ...
The fundamental division of time was between day and night,
light and darkness.
This was then duplicated in the minds not only in
distinguishing between summer and winter, but also in the
local geography. The southern part of Easter Island was like
nighttime, winter, but in the north was summer, daytime.
We could guess 3 nights with only cold food served might
have ended at Mira:
|
FEBR 16 (365 +
47) |
17 (413 = 14 *
29½) |
18 (49) |
|
|
|
 |
|
Cb1-5 |
Cb1-6 (6 + 392) |
Cb1-7 (399) |
|
rutua - te pahu -
rutua te maeva |
|
Maeva.
T. 1. Move. Rangi-maeva = Moving Sky (name of
a marae).
2. Greet, greeting. Henry. |
|
DELTOTUM (Δ)
= β Trianguli
(31.2), ι Trianguli (31.7), η Arietis (31.9) |
ξ¹ Ceti (32.1) |
γ,
δ
Trianguli (33.0),
χ
Persei (33.2),
10 Trianguli
(33.5),
θ
Arietis (33.3),
MIRA (Astonishing) =
ο
Ceti
(33.7) |
|
April 21 (111) |
22 (*32) |
23 (478 = 414 + 64) |
|
Julian equinox |
'March 26 (85 = 450 - 365) |
27 (*53 weeks) |
|
"March 11 (*355) |
12 (436 = 365 + 71) |
13 (*51 weeks) |
|
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON: |
|
AUG 18 (216 + 14) |
19 (231 = 48 +
183) |
20 |
|
... It was 4 August 1968, and it was
the feast day of Saint Dominic, patron of Santo Domingo
Pueblo, southwest of Santa Fe. At one end of the hot,
dusty plaza, a Dominican priest watched nervously as
several hundred dancers arranged in two long rows
pounded the earth with their moccasined feet as a
mighty, collective prayer for rain, accompanied by the
powerful baritone singing of a chorus and the beat of
drums. As my family and I viewed this, the largest and
in some ways the most impressive Native American public
ceremony, a tiny cloud over the Jémez Mountains to the
northwest got larger and larger, eventually filling up
the sky; at last the storm broke, and the sky was
crisscrossed by lightning and the pueblo resounded with
peals of rolling thunder ... |
|
Neck-2 (Dragon)
ASELLUS TERTIUS (3rd Ass Colt) =
κ
Bootis,
κ
Virginis,
14 Bootis
(214.8) |
Al Ghafr-13 (The Cover) /
Svāti-15 (Very Good) /
TAHUA-TAATA-METUA-TE-TUPU-MAVAE-6 (a pillar to stand
by)
15 Bootis
(215.2),
ARCTURUS =
α
Bootis (215.4),
ASELLUS SECUNDUS (2nd Ass Colt) =
ι
Bootis
(215.5),
SYRMA (Train of the Virgin's Robe) =
ι
Virginis,
λ
Bootis (215.6),
η
Apodis (215.8)
*174.0 = *215.4 - *41.4 |
ι Lupi, 18 Bootis
(216.3),
KHAMBALIA (Crooked-Clawed) = λ Virginis (216.4),
υ Virginis (216.5), ψ Centauri (216.6), ε Apodis
(216.8)
*175.0 = *216.4 - *41.4 |
|
21 |
Oct 22 (295) |
23 |
|
24 |
'Sept 25 (*188) |
26 |
|
10 |
"Sept 11 (254) |
12 |
... Although an old constellation, Cetus
is by no means of special interest, except as possessing the
south pole of the Milky Way and the Wonderful Star, the
variable Mira; and from the fact that it is a condensation
point of nebulae directly across the sphere from Virgo, also
noted in this respect ...
... Mira also known as Omicron
Ceti (ο Ceti, ο
Cet), is a red giant star estimated 200-400 light years away
in the constellation Cetus. Mira is a binary star,
consisting of the red giant Mira A along with Mira B. Mira A
is also an oscillating variable star and was the first
non-supernova variable star discovered, with the possible
exception of Algol. Apart from the unusual Eta Carinae, Mira
is the brightest periodic variable in the sky that is not
visible to the naked eye for part of its cycle ...
... In 1638 Johannes Holwarda determined a period of the
star's reappearances, eleven months; he is often credited
with the discovery of Mira's variability. Johannes Hevelius
was observing it at the same time and named it 'Mira'
(meaning 'wonderful' or 'astonishing,' in Latin) in 1662's
Historiola Mirae Stellae, for it acted like no other
known star. Ismail Bouillaud then estimated its period at
333 days, less than one day off the modern value of 332
days, and perfectly forgivable, as Mira is known to vary
slightly in period, and may even be slowly changing over
time ...
Yet, the exceptional outpour of words from Metoro appears to have
gone on for a further 4 days (as if there should be a whole week
of cold food):
|
FEBR 19 (50) |
20 |
21 |
22 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Cb1-8 |
Cb1-9 |
Cb1-10 |
Cb1-11 (403) |
| atua rerorero |
atua hiko ura |
hiko o tea |
ka higa te ao ko
te henua ra ma te hoi atua |
|
Hiko. 1. To ask (for
something). 2. To filch, to pilfer. Hikohiko,
to snatch by force; robbery by assault. Vanaga.
Hikohiko keke, hide-and-seek. Churchill. Pau.:
1. To glean. Mgv.: kohi, to gather, to
collect. Ta.: ohi, to glean. Mq.: kohi,
id. Ma.: kohi, to gather. 2. Bamboo. Mgv.:
kohe, id. Ta.: ohe, id. Mq.: kohe,
id. Sa.: 'ofe, id. Ma.: kohe, a plant
name. 3. Diarrhea. Ta.: ohi, dysentery.
Churchill. Mgv.: kohiko, a small bag mounted
in the fruit-picking fork. Mq.: kohiko, a
small net. Churchill. |
|
CLOSE TO THE FULL MOON: |
|
ASELLUS PRIMUS (1st Ass Colt) =
θ
Bootis
(217.8) |
τ
Lupi,
δ
Oct. (218.1),
φ
Virginis (218.7)
FOMALHAUT (α
Piscis Austrini) |
σ
Lupi (219.1),
ρ
Bootis (219.5),
HARIS (Keeper) =
γ
Bootis
(219.7) |
σ Bootis (220.2),
η Centauri (220.4)
*179.0
= *220.4 - *41.4 |
|