Topa. 1. To bend down, to drop to the ground; to fall on a certain date. 2. To stop doing something, to drop; ina ekó topa taau aga, do not stop, keep doing your work. 3. To remain, to be left over, to be unfinished; he topa te kai, the food is not finished, there is some left. 4. To come to one's memory; i te aamu he topa te vânaga tûai, in the legends old words come to memory. 5. To remember, to reflect (with mana'u as subject); e-topa rivariva tokorua mana'u ki te me'e nei, let the two of you think carefully about this thing. Vanaga. 1. Wine; topa tahaga, id. 2. To fall in drops, to descend, to go down, to abdicate; topa iho, to fall; hakatopa, to knock down, to cause to fall; hakatopa ki raro, to knock down, to subjugate. 3. Childbirth, abortion; topa te poki, to lie in. 4. A feast, to feast. 5. To arrive, to result; topa rae, newcome; topa iho, to come unexpectedly; topa ke, to deviate; topa no mai, topa hakanaa, topa tahaga, mau topa pu, unexpected; topa okotahi, solitary; hakatotopa, to excite, to foment. 6. Bad, low, cheap, failure; igoa topa, nickname; ariga topa, sinister, sly, ill-tempered, to hang the head; hakatopa, to disparage; hakatotopa, irresolute. 7. (Of upward movement) topa ki raro, to scale, to surpass; hakatopa ki te ao, to confer a dignity; hakatopa ki te kahu, to spread a sail; hakatotopa, to make a genealogy. Churchill.

Topatagi. To remember with sorrow, to miss, to pine for (mo); ananake te raá he topatagi te ûka riva ko Uho mo toona ga matu'a, Ko Uho the good girl missed her parents every day. Vanaga. Grief. Churchill.

he kī. kia Hotu.a Teke.i mua i te hanga ana i re(-)

Teke thought about the question [he hakatopa.a Teke. i roto a ia.i te ki] and then said to Hotu [he kī. kia Hotu.a Teke], 'It was left out in the bay.' [i mua i te hanga ana i re(h)u ro ia.]

(h)u ro ia.he ki a Hotu.kia Pure ō.kia Pure ki.

Hotu said [he ki a Hotu] to Pure O [Ō], to Pure Ki, and to Pure Vanangananga: 'You fellows (kope), sail [ko oho.korua ko nga kope] to the friend (hoou), to Oto Uta.

Bring him here [ka too mai], he who is resting out there in the bay [i mua.i te hanga].

Move him carefully (? nee), you fellows, so that the king, that Oto Uta is not damaged!' [o kori a i te ariki.i a oto uta.]

kia Pure vananganaga.ko oho.korua ko nga kope

ki te hoou.kia oto uta.ka too mai.ma e moe ena

i mua.i te hanga.he nee korua ko nga kope.o kori a

i te ariki.i a oto uta.

Gete. M.: Whakangete, to urge on a horse. Ngetengete, to make a clicking sound with the tongue. to click with the tongue, as to a horse; to chirrup. To express surprise or sorrow. Cf. ketekete, to express surprise or regret. H.: neke, an indistinct sound, as scratching on a rough board; to make the noise of scratching; to scratch. Cf. ekeeke, to be in pain; displeasure, arising from an offence; the feeling which one has when that which he prizes is spoken against or injured. T.: ete, to flinch; eteete, to be shocked disgusted, or ashamed. Cf. paete, to be made angry. To.: cf. ketekete, to chirrup; kekete, to chirp; to chatter. Text Centre.

... I remember from somewhere in Heyerdahl's books that he considered it significant that neke-neke was a special word in the vocabulary of Easter Island, it meant 'walking without legs, walking by moving the weight this side and that slowly advancing forward'. He had discovered the word when he asked how the statues had been moved - they walked (neke-neke) was the answer ...

Nahe. Ta.: Angiopteris erecta [maybe evecta?: 'Mule's-foot Fern']. Sa.: nase, the giant fern. Churchill. Bishop Jaussen: crustacé. Barthel. In Jamaica the species Angiopteris evecta ['Mule's-foot Fern'] is widely naturalized and is registered as an invasive species. The plant was introduced by Captain Bligh from Tahiti as a staple food for slaves and cultivated in the Castleton Gardens in 1860. From there it was able to distribute itself throughout the eastern half of the island. Wikipedia.

E:68a - 69a:

1	he	hauhau.
1	he	mahute.

1	he	ngaatu	a Oti.
1		tavari
1		riku
1		ngaoho
1		naunau.
1		uku koko
1		nehenehe
1		poporo.
1		kavakava atua
1		kohe.
1		nehenehe [sic!]
1		pua
1		harahara
1		hua taru.
1		makere
1		hata.
1		tuere heu.
1		tureme
1		matie.
1		pua nakonako.
1		ipu ngutu

E:88 → 22 * 4

'Yes, for he was a monstrous thing and fashioned marvelously, nor was he like to any man that lives by bread, but like a wooded peak of the towering hills, which stands out apart and alone from others.' Odysseus, choosing twelve men, the best of the company, left his ships at shore and sallied to the vast cave. It was found stocked abundantly with cheeses, flocks of lambs and kids penned apart, milk pails, bowls of whey; and when the company had entered and was sitting to wait, expecting hospitality, the owner came in, shepherding his flocks. He bore a grievous weight of dry wood, which he cast down with a din inside the cave, so that in fear all fled to hide. Lifting a huge doorstone, such as two and twenty good four-wheeled wains could not have raised from the ground, he set this against the mouth of the cave, sat down, milked his ewes and goats, and beneath each placed her young, after which he kindled a fire and spied his guests.

Ba5 (43) + Ba6 (44) + Ba7 (43) + Ba8 (46) = 2 * 88:

a1	47	47	127	b1	31	31	123
a2	40	87	167	b2	47	78	170
a3	37	124	204	b3	43	121	213
a4	40	164	244	b4	42	163	255
a5	43	207	287	b5	40	203	295
a6	44	251	331	b6	40	243	335
a7	43	294	374	b7	41	284	376
a8	46	340	420	b8	42	326	418
a9	49	389	469	b9	50	376	468
a10	32	421	501	b10	42	418	510
				b11	43	461	553
				b12	45	506	598
sum	421 = 8 + 413			sum	506 = 92 + 414

The number of glyphs on the B tablet is 421 + 506 = 927 (→ 92 weeks = 644 nights = 280 + 364 days).

421

- 8

413 → 14 * 29½

506

- 92

414 → Bharani

421 + 8 + 506 + 92 = 1027 = 13 * 79

... Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on 21 March (even though the equinox occurs, astronomically speaking, on 20 March in most years) ...

The day of solstice (June 21, 172) was 92 days after March 21 (80). 92 * 7 = 644 = 161 * 4.

... The month, which takes its name from Juppiter the oak-god, begins on June 10th [161] and ends of July 7th. Midway comes St. John's Day, June 24th, the day on which the oak-king was sacrificially burned alive. The Celtic year was divided into two halves with the second half beginning in July, apparently after a seven-day wake, or funeral feast, in the oak-king's honour ...

... I wan't a clean cup, interrupted the Hatter: let's all move one place on. He moved as he spoke, and the Dormouse followed him: the March Hare moved into the Dormouse's place, and Alice rather unwillingly took the place of the March Hare. The Hatter was the only one who got any advantage from the change; and Alice was a good deal worse off than before, as the March Hare had just upset the milk-jug into his plate ...

he too mai a Pure ō. a Pure.ki.a Pure vananga(-)

[Pure Ō, Pure ki, and Pure vananganaga left (land behind), (they) launched the canoe and sailed to Hiva,]

nanga.he hoa i te vaka.he oho.ki hiva.

Too. 1. To adopt, to take, to acquire, to admit, to accept, to gather, to dispose, to seize, to pull up, to extirpate, stripped, to withdraw, to intercept, to frustrate, to touch, to employ, to serve; tae too, to renounce. Mq.: too, to take, to receive, to accept, to adopt, to seize, to pull up. 2. Raa too, noon. 3. Numeral prefix. P Mgv.: toko, id. Mq.: toko, too, id. Ta.: too, id. Samoa and Futuna use to'a and toka, Tonga and Niuē use toko, and the remainder of Polynesia uses the latter form. Tooa: kai tooa, intact, entire, whole; paea tooa, to deprive. Churchill.

i te porima o te raa.o ruti. i oho.ai te vaka.

The canoe of Pure O left [i oho.ai] on the fifth day of November ('Ruti').

o Pure o.i oho.era te vaka.o Pure ō.i tomo era.

After the canoe of Pure O had sailed [i oho.era te vaka.o Pure ō.] and had anchored [tomo = to make landfall] out in the bay [i tomo era.ki mua ki te hanga], in Hanga Moria One [ki hanga moria one], Pure saw the figure [he ui a Pure ō.ko te moai], which had been lying there all this time [e moe no ana], and said to his younger brothers (ngaio taina), 'Let's go my friends (hoa), let's break the neck [hahati atu te ngao] of this mean one (or, ugly one, rakerake).

ki mua ki te hanga ki hanga moria one.he ui

a Pure ō.ko te moai e moe no ana.he ki ki ta(-)

u ngaio.taina era.he ro korua.e aku hoa e.

ki hahati atu te ngao o te rakerake era.ki he.

Garo. 1. To disappear, to become lost. He tere, he garo. He ran away and disappeared. He û'i te Ariki, ku garo á te kaíga i te vai kava. The king saw that the land had disappeared in the sea. I te ahiahi-ata he garo te raá ki raro ki te vai kava. In the evening the sun disappears under the sea. Ku garo á te kupu o te tai i a au. I have forgotten the words of the song (lit. the words of the song have become lost to me). Ina koe ekó garo. Don't disappear (i.e. don't go), or: don't get lost on the way. 2. Hidden. Te mana'u garo, hidden thoughts. Kona garo o te tagata, 'people's hidden places': pudenda. Vanaga. To disappear, to stray, to omit, to lose oneself, to pass, absent, to founder, to drown, to sink; garo noa, to go away forever, to be rare; garo atu ana, formerly. Hakagaro, to cover with water; hakagaro te rakerakega, to pardon. Garoa, loss, absence, to be away, to drown, not comprehended, unitelligible. Garoaga, setting; garoaga raa, sunset, west. Garoraa, the sun half-set. Garovukua, to swallow up. Churchill.

Rake, rakerake: 1. Bad, ugly, unjust; to turn nasty (of a situation); ku rakerake-á a haho a te tai, the sea has turned rough. 2. To be abundant: ku rakerake-á te îka, there are lots of fish. Rakerakega, wickedness. Vanaga. Bad, in its most general sense; patu toona rake, immodest, to expose the person obscenely; rakega, evil, perversity; rakerake, abominable, frightful, low, shocking, culpable, crime, debauchery, dishonor, fault, hideous, ignoble, deformed, illicit, immodest, immoral, impious, irreligious, lascivious, evil, bad, obscene, sinful, ugly; rakerakega, sin, cirme, fault, impiety, iniquity, evil, vice; hakarakerake, causative, to make bad, etc. Pau.: marakerake, afflicted, disconsolate. Churchill.

a.tatou i hoki atu ai ki te pito o te kainga.

Why should we return [ki he.a.tatou i hoki atu ai] to that fragment of earth (te pito o te kainga), i.e. Easter Island? Let us stay in our (home)land!' [he noho ro ai tatou i to tatou kainga.]

he noho ro ai tatou i to tatou kainga.

i oho.era te vaka o Pure ō.he hakaunga atu

After the canoe of Pure O had departed [i oho.era te vaka o Pure ō.], King Hotu contacted [he hakaunga atu] his guardian spirits (atua akuaku), first Kuihi and, second Kuaha. [ko kuihi.katahi.ko kuaha.karua.]

te ariki a Hotu.i toona atua akuaku.

ko kuihi.katahi.ko kuaha.karua.

i roto i a Ika hiva.rua.te ki nei.o kuihi.o kuaha.

Here the story of Kuihi and Kuaha is taken over by Ika Hiva (i.e., by another narrator.) [???]

[? From the midst of the cave of Ika Hiva came the speech of Kuihi and Kuaha. To be abundant: ku rakerake-á te îka, there are lots of fish.]

Aku. Spirit of the otherworld (good or evil). Ki a au te ákuáku oga apó. I have a dream of bad omen last night. Vanaga. 1. Ambition. 2. Soul, shade, ghost, specter, immaterial, spiritual. Churchill. The spiritual component of a person after he or she has died, i.e. his or her 'ghost'. Bierbach.

Rapa Nui and Ra'ivavae are the only Polynesian islands where the term akuaku or a'u and a'ua'u respectively is applied to numinous beings which are believed in by the islanders, from time immemorial up to this day, at least on Rapa Nui. To the best of our knowledge, Pukapuka in the northern Cook Islands is the only other island where there is a 'lesser ancestral god' or atua tangata named Te Akuaku said to have been a 'foreign god who came from Akalava (Mangaia?)'. According to the Rapa Nui dictionaries, akuaku means 'noise when swallowing', 'ambition', 'soul, shade, ghost, specter, immaterial, spiritual' ... there is no literary or lexical evidence from Rapa Nui which allows for a more precise definition of the term akuaku, and the present day inhabitants of the island are completely unaware of the semantics of the word. We are compelled, therefore, to compare the Rapa Nui evidence with that of other Polynesian islands, in order to determine the basic meaning of the word akuaku and thus, gain an insight into the underlying idea of the phenomenon so denominated.

The word akuaku occurs semantically cognate in several Polynesian languages. In Mangareva we find it as an adjective meaning 'thin; slender' 'said of men and women only' and the Marquesan dictionary says 'mince, fluet; 'enana akuaku, homme fluet'. About the phonetically corresponding and semantically similar Tongan form of the word Churchward says: a'ua'u, ... (of persons) old and feeble, more or less decrepit, ... a stage beyond luku. And luku, again is defined as 'old and weak: of persons, horses, and boats, but not of trees or houses'.

The older dictionary by Rabone has au (a'u) meaning 'old people; weak and aged persons' or 'old, ripe'.Desmedt, in speaking of Mangareva, comments on the term akuaku and relates it explicitly to that of Rapa Nui when he says:

le terme courant par lecquel on désignait ces esprits-fantômes change avec les archipels: Tahiti, les Marquises, les Gambier ont leur mot différent et l'Ile de Pâques est seule à les nommer aku-aku. Or, il semble que le sens étymologique de akuaku soit 'mince'. Dans la langue des Gambier, si proche de celle de l'Ile de Pâques, aku-aku veut dire 'mince, en parlant des personnes' ...; en marquisien, aki-aki signifie aussi mince, fin ... N'est-ce pas que cette étymologie répond à la fois à l'idée des insulaires: esprits = spectres n'ayant que des côtes .., et aux formes si émaciées des statuettes anciennes?

This view is appreciated by Emory who makes the following comment:

G. Maurice Desmedt reveals himself a keen thinker ... he has performed a service of real value, and in bringing out clearly the identity of Easter Island mortuary practices with those of Mangareva he has forged one more link in the chain which binds Easter Island to the basic culture of Eastern Polynesia.

Roussel provides the following description of the appearance of the akuaku in the eyes of the Rapa Nui people:

Quelle idée se faisaient-ils des âmes ou des esprits? Ce n'est pas très clair. C'était, selon eux, quelque chose de subtil, une espèce de spectre sans tête, revêtu seulment de côtes.

and Métraux, on the basis of Roussel's statement just quoted, sympathizes with Desmedt when he remarks:

The name akuaku, now used indiscriminately for lesser gods and spirits, must have meant originally only ghosts or spirits of the dead, although it is not found elsewhere in Polynesia with this meaning. Desmedt ... considers the Easter Island term akuaku cognate with the Mangarevan akuaku, which means 'thin, speaking only of men and women'. This parallel is supported by the Easter Island idea in which ghosts resemble emaciated men.

A still more detailed account of the Rapa Nui beliefs as to the appearance of akuaku in this sense has been recorded from Arturo Teao by Englert. It is the story of the 'ariki Tu'u ko Iho seeing two akuaku, Hitirau and Nuko te Magō who were asleep ...

E:89 = 1 + 88

(In page E:1 was presented the king list beginning with ko Oto Uta.)

he too mai a Pure ō.i te pureva.he ava.ki runga

Pure O picked up a large round stone (pureva) and hit the top of the figure. Because of the stone, the neck of Oto Uta was broken.

ki te moai.he hati te ngao.o oto uta.i pureva.

Pure. Cowrie (Cypraea caput draconis); pure vaka, another type of cowrie, which can float on the sea like a diminutive boat (vaka). Vanaga. 1. To pray, to supplicate, invocation, prayer; hare pure, church, chapel; tae pure, irreverence; purega, prayer P Pau., Mgv., Mq., Ta.: pure, to pray. In Samoa, Tonga, Niuē, Futuna, Uvea, pule means to command. 2. A shell T. P Pau.: hakapurepure, to dye, to color. Mq.: pué, the porcelain shell. Ta.: pure, a mark. Purepure, spotted, dappled; ragi purepure, dappled sky. Purepurea, spotted. P Pau.: hakapurepure, to dye, to color. Mgv.: purepure, printed cloth; akapurepure, to paint in different colors. Mq.: puépué, covered with pale scars. Ta.: purepure, spotted, dappled. Churchill. Pureva, rock, stone (small enough to be thrown by hand). Vanaga. Pureva, to throw a stone. Ta.: Pureva, to be on the eve of going. Ha.: puleva, to float here and there. Churchill. Pau.: Pure-hiva, a butterfly. Mgv.: pure-rehue, id. Ta.: pure-hua, a moth. Mq.: pure-hua, id. Ma.: pure-hua, id. Churchill.

pure

he hū te tokerau.he ketu te vave.he hati te vave.

Then the wind started blowing, the billow rose, the waves broke, and the rain started falling, the flame (i.e., lightning) shone brightly, and the thunder rolled.

he hoa te ūa.he nomo mai mai te ura.he hati

he hetu te patiri.

Ó; 1. Prepositon marking the genitive. 2. Preposition expressing the cause, the reason: because of (also i): e-tahataha-á te vaka o te tokerau. the boat rocks from side to side because of the wind. 3. Lest, in order not to... e-ûi koe o higa, be careful not to fall. 4. Sometimes used as conditional: if, whether; ina kai agiagi au o tu'u-mai te Matu'a, I don't know if the Padre has arrived. 5. Article sometimes used preceding proper names; ó Hotu Matu'a, ó Santiago. 6. To answer saying 'oh'; ana ragi te tagata ki te rua tagata, 'hé koe?', he-ó-mai, he-kî: 'ó, î au', when a man calls another, asking 'where are you?' (the other) answers saying 'oh, I am here'. O; to celebrate a festival: he-o i te gogoro. Vanaga. 1. Tai o, rippling water. (Compare in some sea sense - Mgv.: akao, a narrow arm of the sea, to throw stones into the water in order to drive fish into a net.) 2. Of. Mgv., Mq., Ta.: o, of. 3. A verb sign; o mua, at first; ina o nei, to be away (not-being-here). Churchill.

Hu. 1. Breaking of wind. T Mgv., uu, to break wind. Mq., Ta.: hu, id. 2. Whistling of the wind, to blow, tempest, high wind. P Pau.: huga, a hurricane. Churchill. Mgv.: hu, to burst, to crackle, to snap. Ha.: hu, a noise. Churchill.

Toke. To steal; thief; toketoke, to repeatedly steal things of little value; vî'e toke kenu, adulterous woman (lit.: woman who steals husbands). Vanaga. Toke. To dupe, to extort, to usurp; toketoke, to steal, to rob, to extort, to defraud, to spoil, thief. Tokea, a dupe. Tokenoho, intruder. Churchill.

Ketu. To bound, to climb over, to leap, to jump, to raise (keetu). Mq. ketu, to raise, to lift. Ketuketu, to spread out, hihi ketuketu, to turn back the eyelids. Churchill. Pau.: Ketuketu, to dig. Ta.: etuetu, id. Mq.: ketu, to dig up with the snout. Ma.: ketu, id. Churchill. Mq.: ketuketu, to snuff a candle. Sa.: eueu, id. Churchill.

Hoa.1. Master, owner; tagata hoa papaku, owner or relative of a dead; hoa manu, 'bird master', that is, he who received the first egg at the annual festivals in Orongo; he to'o mai e te hoa manu i te mamari ki toona rima, he ma'u, he hoko, the 'bird master' receives the egg in his hand and carries it, dancing. 2.Friend, companion: e ga hoa ê! 3. To cast away, to throw away, to abandon, perhaps also to expel. 4. To confess a sin; he hoa i te ta'u: term used of a category of rongorongo boards (see ta'u). Vanaga. 1. Friend; repa hoa, friend (male), comrade, companion, fellow; to confide; repa hoa titika, faithful friend; garu hoa, friend (either sex); uha hoa, friend (female); hoa kona, native T. 2. To abandon, to debark, to cast, to launch, to anchor, to let go, to give up, to reject, to repudiate, to suppress, to cut off, to jerk out, to proscribe, to reprove; hoahoa, to upset, to destroy. Churchill.

Tiri, Mgv.: To throw away, to reject, to neglect. Ta.: tiri, to cast a small net. Mq.: tii, titii, to throw away, to abandon, to reject. Sa.: tili, a small net and its cast. Ma.: tiri, to throw one by one. Titiri, to abandon, to abjure; rima titiri, to walk with the hands behind the back. T Pau.: titiri, to abandon, to leave, to abjure, to deny. Mgv.: tiri, to throw away, to reject, to neglect, to lose. Mq.: tií, titií, to throw away, to reject, to abandond, to leave behind. Ta.: titiri, to reject, to throw away. Churchill.

i hu era te tokerau.i hati era te vave.i ava

As soon as the wind started blowing, the waves broke, the rain fell, and the thunder rolled, King Hotu knew that Pure O had done harm to Oto Uta [penei ē.ku kori ana a Pure ō.i te ariki.i a oto uta].

era te ua.i hetu era te hātu.tiri

he angiangi e te ariki.e Hotu.penei ē.ku kori ana

a Pure ō.i te ariki.i a oto uta.

Rau 1. (Also: raupá) leaf of a plant, stem and leaves. 2. Hundred: e tahi te rau, e rua te rau, etc., 100, 200... Also seems to have been used in the meaning of 'many'. Tu'u henua rau, someone who has travelled to many countries (such were called in the 19th century natives who had travelled abroad, employed as sailors). Compare with: tai raurau-á riki. Vanaga. Rau hei. 1. Branch of mimosa. 2. Killed enemy. 3. Hanged 'fish'. 'Branche du mimosa (signe de mort), ennemie túe (poisson suspendu)' according to Jaussen. Barthel. Ra'u 1. To take something without the owner's permission; to seize something forcibly. 2. Ra'u maahu, ancient expression, literally: to appropriate the steam (maahu) of the food just taken out of an earth oven. It refers to intruders coming to help themselves uninvited. Warriors off to a battle used to be told: E ra'u maahu no koe, o pagaha'a! meaning: 'Eat little, lest you be heavy (and lose your agility).' Vanaga. 1. Sa.: la'u, to clear off, to carry away; la'u mai, to bring. Uvea: laku, to send, to throw into. Ha.: laulau, a bundle, a bag; a wrapper of a bundle, the netting in which food is carried; lalau, to seize, to catch hold of. 2. To.: lau, lalau, lauji, to pinch with the fingers, to nip. Ha.: lau, to feel after a thing; lalau, to extend (as the hand), to seize, to catch hold of. 3. Sa.: lau, a leaf; lalau, to be in leaf; laulau, a food tray plaited from a coconut leaf, to set out food on such a tray or on a table. To.: lau, lou, a leaf; laulau, a tray. Fu., Uvea, Nuguria: lau, a leaf. Niuē: lau, a leaf; laulau, a table. Ha.: lau, a leaf; laulau, the netting in which food is carried. Ma., Ta., Rarotonga, Rapanui, Paumotu, Nukuoro, Fotuna: rau, a leaf. Mgv.: rau, rou, id. Mq.: au, ou, id. Churchill 2. Ta.: rauhuru, dry banana leaf. Mq.: auhuu, id. (To.: hulu, leaves dry and dead.) Ha.: lauhulu, banana leaf. Churchill. Lau, s. Haw., to feel for, spread out, expand, be broad, numerous; s. leaf of a tree or plant, expanse, place where people dwell, the end, point; sc. extension of a thing; the number four hundred; lau-kua, to scrape together, to gather up from here and there confusedly; lau-la, broad, wide, extension, width; lau-na, so associate with, be friendly; lau-oho (lit. 'leaves of the head'), the hair. Tong., lau, low, spread out, be broad, exfoliate; s. surface area; lau-mata, eyelash; lo, a leaf; lo-gnutu, the lips (lit. 'leaves of the mouth'). N. Zeal. and Mang., rau, spread, expand; raku-raku, to scratch, scrape. Sam., lau, leaf, thatch, lip, brim of a cup, breadth, numeral hundred after the first hundred; lau-a, to be in leaf, full-leafed; laua-ai, a town, in opposition to the bush; lau-ulu, the hair of the head; launga-tasi, even, level; lau-lau, to lay out, spread out food on a table; lau-tata, a level place on a mountain or at its foot; lau-le-anga, uneven; lau-talinga, the lobe of the ear, a fungus; lau-tele, large, wide, common, of people. Tah., rau, a leaf, a hundred; when counting by couples, two hundred; many indefinitely; rau-rau, to scratch. Fiji., lou, leaves for covering an oven; longa, a mat, a bed for planting; drau, a leaf; drau-drau, leaves on which food is served up, also a hundred. Saparua., laun, leaf. Mal., daun, id.; luwas, broad, extended. Sunda., Rubak., id., Amboyna, ai-low, id. Malg., rav, ravin, leaf; ravin-tadign, lobe of the ear; lava, long, high, indefinite expression of extension; lava-lava, eternal; lava-tangh, a spider. The word lau, in the sense of expanse, and hence 'the sea, ocean', is not now used in the Polynesian dialects. There remain, however, two compound forms to indicate its former use in that sense: lau-make, Haw., lit. the abating or subsiding of water, i.e., drought; rau-mate, Tah., to cease from rain, be fair weather; rau-mate, N. Zeal., id., hence summer. The other word is koo-lau, Haw., kona-rau, N. Zeal., toe-rau, Tah., on the side of the great ocean, the weather side of an island or group; toa-lau, Sam., the north-east trade wind. In Fiji, lau is the name of the windward islands generally. In the Malay and pre-Malay dialects that word in that sense still remains under various forms: laut, lauti, lautan, lauhaha, olat, wolat, medi-laut, all signifying the sea, on the same principle of derivation as the Latin æquor, flat, level, expanse, the sea. Welsh, llav, to expand; lled, breadth. Armor., blad, flat, broad. Lat., latus, broad, wide, spacious. Greek, πλατυς, wide, broad, flat; πλατη, broad surface, blade of an oar; πλακοσ, broad, flat. Pers., lâtû, blade of an oar, oar.Lith., platus, flat. Sanskr., prath, be extended, to spread. Goth., laufs or laubs, a leaf. Icel., laug, bath; lauga, to bathe, lögr, the sea, water, moisture. Bearing in mind l and n are convertible in the West Aryan as in the Polynesian dialects, we might refer to the following as original relatives of the Polynesian lau: Sanskr., nau, boat, ship; snâ, and its connections, 'to bathe'. Greek, ναω, to flow, float; ναω, νεω, to swim, to spin; νευσις, s. swimming; ναυς, ship, &c. Lat., no-are, to swim, float. A.-Sax., naca, id. O. Norse, snäcka, a shell, sobriquet of boats and vessels. Perhaps the Gothic snaga, a garment. Liddell and Scott and also Benfey refer the Greek νεω and Latin neo, 'to spin', to the Sanskrit nah, 'to bind, tie'. With due deference, I would suggest that the underlying sense of 'to bind' and 'tie' is 'to shorten, contract, to knit' - necto, nodus - and that the original conception of 'to spin' was one of extension, lengthening, as represented in the Polynesian lau. (Fornander)

Ava. 1. To remain (of dregs, of very small objects in the water or in a place which used to be full of water); he-ava, he-paroparoko, expression, said when small fishes swarm in the water holes along the coast. 2. Furrow, rut, groove, crevice, fissure; he-hahata te ava o te henua, a crevice opened in the ground. 3. To strike, to hit; to sound like a blow; ku-ava-á te poko (see also hatutiri), thunder sounded. Vanaga. Áva-áva. 1. To lift up. 2. to strike, to hit repeatedly; he-áva-áva i te koreha a ruga a te ma'ea, he struck the eel several times against a stone (to kill it). Vanaga. 1. a) Distance, distant; ava poto, a short distance. b) Space, interval. PS Mq.: ava, distance, space, interval. Ta.: ava, interval. The simpler form of the root is va, which is not found in Rapanui and Marquesan, and in Tahiti is narrowly restricted to the spacing of thatch, but in Nuclear Polynesia and in the Tongafiti migration [va] is expressive of the sense of distance and interval. In Samoa the same meaning is carried by an advanced form of the root, and ava in this sense is not found elsewhere. Its reappearance in these three languages of Southeast Polynesia points to a direct migration from Samoa. 2. Channel, strait, pass, passage, breach, entrance to a harbor. Avaava. 1. a) To strike, to slap, to grind, to dent. b) To correct, to maltreat, to exterminate. 2. Angle, chink. 3. Tobacco. In this nook of Polynesia tobacco and its common method of pleasurable use are alike imported. In Melanesia tobacco was indigenous but was employed for the business of medication and not to assuage the conditions of cannibal society. The leaves when fully grown were shredded, macerated and employed as a cataplasm. Applied upon the abdomen it was the principal agency in the production of emesis and catharsis. Applied secretly in axilla [arm-pit] it superinduced the ecstasy of the priest when in the trance of possession by his god. In Fiji it was used as an insecticide. Avahi, a wedge, to split; avahiga, part, partial; avahiga kore, inseparable. Avamouga (ava 1 - mouga 2), valley. Churchill. 1. Awa, s. Haw., harbour, cove, creek, channel; awaa, to dig as a pit, a ditch; awawa, a valley, space between two prominences, space between the fingers and toes. Tah., ava, a harbour, channel. Sam., ava, a boat-passage, opening in the reef, anchorage; v. to be open, as a doorway. Marqu., ava, interval, passage. The Malgasse ava, a rainbow, may refer to this family, in the sense of an arch, a bay, a hollow, curved space on the firmanent. Sanskr., avaţa, a pit; avata, a well; avatas, below, in the lower regions; ava-kâça, space, interval; avama, low, opp. to high, probably all referring themselves to ava, prep. with the primary sense of 'down, below, away, off', as its derivatives plainly indicate. 2. Awa, s. Haw., fine rain, mist. Tong., Sam., afa, storm, hurricane; afu, a waterfall. N. Zeal., awa, a river. Fiji., cava, a storm. Mal., awap, mist, dew. Sangvir Island, sawan, a river. Rotti, Ofa, id. Tagal., abo-abo, rain. Malg., sav, mist, fog. Sanskr., ap, apas, water. Lat., aqua; Romain, ava, water, rain-water. Goth., ahwa; O. H. Germ., ouwa, water. Germ., aue, au, brook. Swed., å, id. Irish, abh, water; abhan, river. Welsh, aw, fluid. Pers., âw, âb, water. A. Pictet ... refers the Celtic and Persian forms to a Sanskrit root av, 'ire', whence avana, rapidity, avani, river; and he refers the Latin and Gothic forms to a Sanskrit root aç or ak, 'permeare, occupare', from which spring a number of derivatives expressive of 'le mouvement rapide, la force pénétrante' ... In view of the Polynesian forms, Haw., Sam., Tagal., and their meanings, I prefer to follow Benfey and Bopp in referring the West Aryan as well as the Polynesian forms to the Sanskrit ap, whether that be the original form itself or a contracted modification of it. It seems to me to have been in the very nature of language that men in the olden times should have commenced by giving distinct and instantaneous names to objects around them, and to natural phenomena, before they invested those objects with names derived by after-thought and reflection from this or that quality characteristic of those objects. Many, if not most, of such original names were doubtless lost in the course of ages, and supplanted by synonyms derived from and expressive of some quality or other in the objects named; but many still survive to baffle the analysis of philologists, and to assert their claims to priority over synonyms that must necessarily have been of later formation. 3. Awa, s. Haw., Sam., Tah., name of a plant of a bitter taste, but highly relished throughout Polynesia - 'Piper Methysticum' - from which an intoxicating drink is made; the name of the liquor itself. Tong., N. Zeal., Rarot., Marqu., kawa, id. Haw., awa-awa, bitter. Sam., a'awa, id. Tong., N. Zeal., kakawa , sweet. Sanskr., av, to please, satisfy, desire (Benfey); ava, nourishment (Pictet). Pers., âwâ, nourishment; abâ, bread. Lat., aveo, crave after, long for; avena, oats. See au 1. Fornander

Hetu 1. To (make) sound; figuratively: famous, renowned. 2. To crumble into embers (of a bonfire). Hetu'u. Star, planet; hetu'u popohaga morning star; hetu'u ahiahi evening star; hetu'u viri meteorite. Vanaga. Hetu 1. Star (heetuu); hetu rere, meteor; hetu pupura, planet. P Pau.: hetu, star. Mgv.: etu, id. Mq.: fetu, hetu, id. Ta.: fetu, fetia, id. The alternative form fetia in Tahiti, now the only one in common use, need not be regarded as an anomaly in mutation. It seems to derive from Paumotu fetika, a planet. Its introduction into Tahiti is due to the fashion of accepting Paumotu vocables which arose when the house of Pomare came into power. 2. Capital letter (? he tu). 3. To amuse. 4. To stamp the feet. Hetuhetu, to calk, to strike the water. Hetuke, sea urchin. Churchill.

Hatu. 1. Clod of earth; cultivated land; arable land (oone hatu). 2. Compact mass of other substances: hatu matá, piece of obsidian. 3. Figuratively: manava hatu, said of persons who, in adversity, stay composed and in control of their behaviour and feelings. 4. To advise, to command. He hatu i te vanaga rivariva ki te kio o poki ki ruga ki te opata, they gave the refugees the good advice not to climb the precipice; he hatu i te vanaga rakerake, to give bad advice. 5. To collude, to unite for a purpose, to concur. Mo hatu o te tia o te nua, to agree on the price of a nua cape. 6. Result, favourable outcome of an enterprise. He ká i te umu mo te hatu o te aga, to light the earth oven for the successful outcome of an enterprise. Vanaga. 1. Haatu, hahatu, mahatu. To fold, to double, to plait, to braid; noho hatu, to sit crosslegged; hoe hatu, clasp knife; hatuhatu, to deform. 2. To recommend. Churchill. In the Polynesian dialects proper, we find Patu and Patu-patu, 'stone', in New Zealand; Fatu in Tahiti and Marquesas signifying 'Lord', 'Master', also 'Stone'; Haku in the Hawaiian means 'Lord', 'Master', while with the intensitive prefix Po it becomes Pohaku, 'a stone'. Fornander.

Tiri. Mgv.: To throw away, to reject, to neglect. Ta.: tiri, to cast a small net. Mq.: tii, titii, to throw away, to abandon, to reject. Sa.: tili, a small net and its cast. Ma.: tiri, to throw one by one. Titiri, to abandon, to abjure; rima titiri, to walk with the hands behind the back. T Pau.: titiri, to abandon, to leave, to abjure, to deny. Mgv.: tiri, to throw away, to reject, to neglect, to lose. Mq.: tií, titií, to throw away, to reject, to abandond, to leave behind. Ta.: titiri, to reject, to throw away. Churchill.

... if, whether; ina kai agiagi au o tu'u-mai te Matu'a, I don't know if the Padre has arrived. Vanaga.

he ki a Hotu.ku kori ana tau ngaio era i te ariki

Hotu spoke, 'These fellows have done a mean thing [ku kori ana tau ngaio era] to King Oto Uta!"

i a oto uta.

i hati era te ngao.o te ariki o oto uta.he ōho.atu

After the neck of Oto Uta had been broken, Kuihi and Kuaha arrived. They picked up the neck of King Oto Uta, took it, and brought it with them.

a kuihi.a kuaha.he too mai i te ngao.o te a(-)

riki o oto uta.he mau he ōho.mai he tuu ki

Gao. 1. Neck. 2. Glans penis (te gao o te kohio), neck of penis. Vanaga. Neck, throat, (naho G); gao pukupuku, scrofula; hore te gao, to cut the head off; arakea gao, scrofula. Gaogao, calm. Gaoku, to eat greedily. Gaopu, to choke on a bone. Churchill.

mua ki te hanga.ki hanga rau.i haka rere ai

They arrived out in the bay [he tuu ki mua ki te hanga], in Hanga Rau. (There) Kuihi and Kuaha left (the fragment).

e kuihi.e kuaha.

... This pot depicts one of the Hero Twins (One-Ahaw in the Classic texts and One-Hunaphu in the K'iche' Popol Vuh) and a great bird who is trying to land in a huge ceiba tree heavy with fruit. This mythical bird is Itzam-Yeh, Classic prototype of Wuqub-Kaqix, 'Seven-Macaw', of Popol Vuh fame. In that story, in the time before the sky was lifted up to make room for the light, the vainglorious Seven-Macaw imagined himself to be the sun. Offended by his pride, the Hero Twins humbled him by breaking his beautiful shining tooth with a pellet from their blowgun. This pot shows One-Ahaw aiming at the bird as he swoops down to land in his tree. As Itzam-Yeh lands on his perch, the text tells us he is 'entering or becoming the sky'.