5. Allen: "In Greek astronomy these [α¹ and α² Librae] were Χηλή νότιος, the Southern Claw ... Our Zubenelgenubi is from Al Zubān al Janūbiyyah, the exact Arabian equivalent of Prolemy's term; but Zubenelgubi and Janib are both wrong, and Zubeneschamali ['Northern Claw'] is worse, for it plainly belongs to β. Chilmead's Mizan Aliemin is from an Arabian title for the constellation [mizān = scale-beam]; yet that people also knew it as Al Kiffah al Janūbiyyah, the Southern Tray of the Scale, from which came the Arabo-Latin Kiffa australis of modern lists; and as Al Wazn al Janūbiyyah, the Southern Weight, distorted by Riccioli into Vazneganubi. The Lanz meridionalis of two centuries ago is synonymous with the first of these Arabian designations. The alphas and β constituted the 14th manzil, Al Zubānā, although Al Bīrūnī said that this title should be Zaban, 'to push', as though one of the stars were pushing away the other (!); while α marked the nakshatra Vicakha, Branched, under the rule of Indragni, the dual tutelar divinity Indra and Agni. This lunar station was figured as a decorated Gateway, and in later Hindu astronomy its borders were extended to include γ and ι, thus completing the resemblance to the object for which the asterism was named; ι was the junction star with Anuradha ..." The idea of one star pushing away another could refer to the precession: "... the cause of things being born and perishing is their mutual injustice to each other in the order of time ..." (Anaximander according to Hamlet's Mill) With the Bull at spring equinox and Scorpion at autumn equinox, as parts of the ancient framework, I think it would have been difficult to accept precession moving Taurus later and later into the year. The Sign of Summer should not come later. On the other hand, it would have been easy to accept how precession moved the Sign of Winter later in autumn, implying a longer duration for Summer. When Virgo was pushing the Libra scale-beam with her right big toe it could be a Sign of how precession moved Libra later in the year. South of the equator, though, such an idea would not have been acceptable - Summer Sun should not arrive later in the year. Maybe, therefore, the kuhane of Hau Maka was bound to step on the scale-beam (the 'bamboo') to break it. She created a 'dawn-break'. North of the equator, when the dangerous Scorpius had been pushed away from autumn equinox it would have been easy to accept the fact and to instead insert Libra at equinox. Tradition, however, could have maintained the idea of the claws of the Scorpion being at equinox, and therefore the names for the stars of Libra should be 'claws' (zuben). But the Scorpion kept her claws:
|