6. Perhaps we should let Ga3-4 be at the beginning of the Beehive group:
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| Ga2-29 (60) |
Ga3-1 (*125) |
Ga3-2 |
Ga3-3 |
| Tegmine (124.3) |
Al Tarf (125.3) |
Bright Fire (126.4) |
Avior (127.4) |
| Mercury |
25 |
26 (Anakena 23?) |
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| Ga3-4 (**36) |
Ga3-5 |
Ga3-6 (*130) |
Ga3-7 |
Ga3-8 (68) |
| ο Ursa Majoris (128.4) |
θ Cancri (129.2) |
η Cancri (129.5) |
π¹ Ursa Majoris and δ Hydrae (130.6), Al Minhar al Shujā and Museida (130.9), Beehive (131.4) |
Ascellus Borealis (131.9), η Hydrae (132.0), Ascellus Australis (132.4) |
| July 27 |
28 |
29 |
30 |
31 |
The day of wood belongs traditionally to Jupiter (Father Light) and to oak wood, but Makoi wood was used at the time when 'fishes' were thrown up onto Easter Island. The star Bright Fire (λ Cancri) was possibly associated with Saturn - north of the equator the apex of summer is in the past and λ was once probably a sign of 'no light'. The declination of λ Cancri is very close to 24º N.
July 27 is 36 days beyond the solstice and ο Ursa Majoris, we should remember, was said to be the 'nose' of the Great Bear (although its breath should come first):
... Bayer said that 'the Barbarians' called this [ο] Muscida, a word apparently coined in the Middle Ages for the muzzle of an animal, the feature of the Bear, that the star marks ... π¹, 3.2, and π², Binary, 4.8 and 9.5, flushed white and sapphire, with ο, π, ρ, A, d, and some others in the eyes, ears, and muzzle of the Bear, were the asterism that Kazwini knew as Al Thibā', the Gazelle.
... I think there was a misunderstanding, because the 'Barbarians' probably said the 7 small stars were flies (muscidae) ...
... Moreover, I have arrived at the conclusion that Museida (at Ga3-7) is of another sort, no 'spirit' star. Indeed it could represent the muzzle of the beast (bear, gazelle, or other). So far north the air is very cold and rising from this muzzle there should be a white cloud created by the warm air exhaled and from a distance it could look like a cloud of small flies. The breath of a god is potent, e.g. (cfr at Adjuncts):
...the great high priest and monarch of the Golden Age in the Toltec city of Tula, the City of the Sun, in ancient Mexico, whose name, Quetzalcoatl, has been read to mean both 'the Feathered Serpent' and 'the Admirable Twin', and who was fair of face and white of beard, was the teacher of the arts to the people of pre-Columbian America, originator of the calendar, and their giver of maize. His virgin mother, Chimalman - the legend tells - had been one of the three sisters to whom God, the All-Father, had appeared one day under his form of Citlallatonac, 'the morning'. The other two had been struck by fright, but upon Chimalman God breathed and she conceived ...
On the other side of the 'earth mountain' the Gazelle should be ruling:
| i te rua te kauatu matoru raa o te ana |
On the twenty-third day of the month of July ('Anakena'), they reached Rangi Meamea. When they arrived there, they looked around and gave the name 'Rangi Meamea A Hau Maka'.
They also named the mountain 'Peke Tau O Hiti [A] Hau Maka'.
They went around to the other side of the mountain Hau Epa, looked around, and gave the name 'Hau Epa A Hau Maka'. |
p. 26 |
| kena i oho mai ai ki rangi meamea.he |
| tuu he ui he tikea he nape i te ingoa.ko ra |
| ngi meamea.a hau maka.he nape tokoa |
| i te ingoa o te maunga ko peke tau o hiti |
| a hau maka.he vari mai ki te rua painga |
| o maunga hau epa.he tikea.he nape i te |
| ingoa ko maunga hau epa. a Hau maka. |
| he vari hokoou mai ki te rua painga o |
| maunga hau epa. |
| Lower third cut off. |
Barthel ignores the fact that Manuscript E mentions it twice, going around the mountain. This pair (rua) could refer to how the year could be regarded as a twin: Summer (the front side) and Winter (the back side).
| Rua 1. Two; second; other (precedes the noun); te rua paiga, the other side. 2. Hole, grave; holes in the rocks or between the rocks of the coastal lagoons; he keri i te rua, to dig a hole. 3. To vomit. Vanaga.
1. Two. P Mgv., Ta.: rua, id. Mq.: úa. 2. Nausea, seasickness, to vomit, disgust; hakarua, to vomit, to spew. PS Mgv.: aruai, ruai, to vomit. Mq.: úa, id. Ta.: ruai, id. Pau.: ruaki, id. Sa.: lua'i, to spit out of the mouth; lulua, to vomit. To.: lua to vomit. Fu.: lulua, luaki, id. Niuē: lua, id. Viti: lua, id.; loloa, seasick. 3. Cave, hollow, ditch, pit, hole, beaten path, grave; rua papaka, a ditch. P Pau.: rua, a hole. Mgv.: rua, a hole in the ground, ditch, trench. Mq.: úa, dish, hole, cavern. Ta.: rua, hole, opening, ditch. Churchill.
Ta.: ruahine, an old woman. Ma.: ruahine, id. Ta.: ruaroa, tropic of Capricorn. Mq.: uaoa, a constellation, the eleventh month. The sense in Tahiti is probably that of some constellation which may be used to determine the position. Ta.: ruau, an old man, an old woman. Ha.: luau, a parent. Churchill. |
| Pae
1. To end, to come to an end; ku-pae-á taaku kai, I have no more food; pae-atu, to leave en masse; ku-pae-atu-á tagata ki Hangaroa tai. everybody has left for Hangaroa Bay. 2. To start, to break out (of wars, fights: taûa); ku-pae-á te taûa, the fight, the war, has started. 3. Dressed, edged stones anciently used to enclose a permanent umu; paepae wall of undressed stones built as protection against the wind; also any other protection. Pa'e: Of a boat, to deviate, to drift, to stray under the effects of currents or winds; ku-pa'e-á te vaka i te tokerau, the wind has made the boat deviate from its course. Vanaga.
Paega: 1. Dressed stones forming the foundations of the ancient houses or of the walls of the monumental ahus; hare paega, house with stone foundations; paega-ahu, ahu wall. 2. Household, people who live in a hare paega. 3. To lay stones on the bottom and against the sides of a hole: he-paega i te rua. Vanaga.
1. Enough. 2. Division of a subject (paiga). Pau.: paega, a party, a side. Ta.: pae, division, part. 3. Threshold, sill, joist. P Ta.: pae, sill, joist. 4. To exhaust, to finish, past; e ko pae, impregnable; hakapae, to exhaust, to finish, to end, to execute, to accomplish, to conclude, to consummate, to consume, to achieve, to acquit. Paea: 1. Enough, past. 2. To decay, to waste away; paea tooa, to deprive. Paega, foundation. Paepae, pavement, plank, canoe; hakapaepae, to lay planks, to floor. P Pau.: paepae, a raft. Mgv.: paepae, a pavement, to lay up stones with regularity into a wall. Mq.: paepae, elevated pavement on which the house is built. Ta.: paepae, pavement, raft. Paero, all, totalit, to sweep off all. Churchill. |
"LUA, s. Haw., a pit, hole, cave; v. to dig a hole; also in ancient times a process of killing a man by breaking his back or bones; lua-lua, be flexible, pliant, soft, old garments, a road with many small ravines crossing it; lua-u and lua-ni, a parent; lua-hine, an old woman. Mang., rue-ine, id.
Sam., lua, hole, pit; lua-o, an abyss. Tah., rua, hole, pit; rua-rua, to slander, to backbite; rufa, worn out, as garments; rua-u, old, stricken in years; s. old man or woman. Tong., luo, hole. N. Zeal., rua, id. Fiji., rusa, decayed perished. Malg., loakh, luaka, hole, cave, pierced.
Greek, τρυω, τρυχω, to rub down, wear out, waste; τρυςω, toil, labour; τρυπα, τρυμη, a hole; τρυπανον, a borer, auger; τρυχος, a tattered garment, rags; τρυφη, softness, delicacy; θρυπτω, break in pieces. Liddell and Scott refer these words to τειρω, to rub, rub away, as derivatives of it, wear out, and τειρω, to the Sanskrit tŗi, to pass over, hasten, fulfil, &c. Benfey also concurs in that derivation when he refers τρυμα, a hole, and τρυτανη, the tongue of a balance, to the same tŗi.
With due deference to so great authorities, I would suggest that the above group of Greek words be referred to the Sanskrit ru, lu, lædere, secare, with the prefix t; and they would thus at once fall into line with their Polynesian relatives, whose development of sense is perfectly analogous to the Greek group, though their development of form has been arrested.
It may be noted, moreover, as distinctive of the two roots, tŗi and ru, that while from the former - to pass over frequently, to rub, to smootheen - the idea of 'young, fresh, a youth' (taruna), 'soft, delicate' (τερην), 'tender, soft, and childhood' (tener), were developed, the root ru, lu, gave birth to the idea of 'old age, weakness, crumpled, flexible, as an old garment'; lua, lua-u, τρυχος.
Lat., trua, trulla, a tray, ladle, basin; ruo , to tumble down, but whose primary sense must have been 'to dig', as evidenced in the phrase 'ruta et cæsa', and in rutrum, a spade, mattock. Quære, rus, country, from ruo, to dig, cultivate?
Goth., riurs, mortal, corruptible. Scand., rye; Swed., rycka, pull up, pluck out. Anc. Slav., ryti, to dig; ruvati, to tear away. Irish, ruam, a spade; rumhar, a mine; rumahar, labour." (Fornander)
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I imagine there is a hole (rua) or a cave (or a furrow) into which the broken Kuukuu will be pushed, when he has reached his limit.
| Vari 1. Menstruation, period (also: tiko). 2. To tack, to veer (nautical); ku-vari-mai-á te miro, the boat arrives, have veered [around Rano Kau]. Vanaga.
About, circumference, to turn in a circle; hakavari, pliant, to bend, square; varivari, about, to go around; vavari, a garland; varikapau, circumference, to surround, a compass, to admire; hiriga varikapau, to go in a ring; pa varikapau, to close in; varitakataka (vari-taka 3) to surround. Churchill.
Pau.: Vari, marsh, mire, dirt. Ta.: vari, dirt, mud. Rar.: vari, mud. Churchill.
Mgv.: Vari, paste well diluted. Mq.: vaivai, to dilute, to thin. Ha.: waliwali, soft, pasty. Churchill. |
The 2nd time 'around the mountain' should work like a magic formula negating the first negative turn. A double negative creates a positive and after the other salto mortale you will be back at the beginning, back on your feet again.
(Frescoe from Knossos.)
It could explain why hoko is used the 2nd time:
| Hoko 1. To jump; to rock or swing in rhythm with the chants in festivals, as was the ancient custom; an ancient
dance. 2. Number prefix: 'in a group of...': hokotahi, alone; hokorua, in a group of two (also companion, e hakarere te kai mo toou hokorua, leave some food for my companion); hakatoru, in a group of three, etc.; hokohía, in a group of how many? Hokohía ana oho koe ki te rano? With how many people will you go to the volcano? Vanaga.
1. To traffic, to trade, to buy, to ransom (hoò); hoòa te kaiga, to buy land. 2. To sport, to play. Churchill.
Move the body to and fro with the rythm of a song. Barthel. |
To dance or jump is a sign of life. Another word is hura, which in Fiji becomes bula:
.... For when the ruler drinks the sacred offering, he is in the state of intoxication Fijians call 'dead from' (mateni) or 'dead from kava' (mate ni yaqona), to recover from which is explicitly 'to live' (bula). This accounts for the second cup the chief is alone accorded, the cup of fresh water. The god is immediately revived, brought again to life - in a transformed state ...
| Hura 1. To fish with a small funnel-shaped net tied to the end of a pole. This fishing is done from the shore; fishing with the same net, but swimming, is called tukutuku. 2. To be active, to get moving when working: ka hura, ka aga! come on, get moving! to work! 3. Tagata gutu hura, a flatterer, a flirt, a funny person, a witty person. Hurahura, to dance, to
swing. Vanaga.
1. Sling. In his brilliant study of the distribution of the sling in the Pacific tracts, Captain Friederici makes this note (Beiträge zur Völker- und Sprachenkunde von Deutsch-Neuguinea, page 115b): 'Such, though somewhat modified, is the case in Rapanui, Easter Island. The testimony of all the reporters who have had dealings with these people is unanimous that stones of two to three pounds weight, frequently sharp chunks of obsidian, were thrown by the hand; no one mentions the use of slings. Yet Roussel includes this weapon in his vocabulary and calls it hura. In my opinion this word can be derived only from the Mangareva verb kohura, to throw a stone or a lance. So far as we know Rapanui has received its population in part by way of Mangareva.' To this note should be added the citation of kirikiri ueue as exhibiting this particular use of ueue in which the general sense is the transitive shake. 2. Fife, whistle, drum, trumpet, to play; hurahura, whistle. P Mq.: hurahura, dance, divertissement, to skip. Ta.: hura, to leap for joy. Pau.: hura-viru, well disposed. Churchill.
H. Hula, a swelling, a protuberance under the arm or on the thigh. Churchill 2. |
Possibly the swelling (hula) in Ga3-4 of what looks like a kind of fat dead fish implies the life spirit of the deceased is rising up to the muzzle of Ursa Major to be inhaled there:
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| Ga3-4 (**36) |
| ο Ursa Majoris (128.4) |
| July 27 |
Anakena 24 (?) |
I have described the mea ke sign in Sign Dictionary 1 and in my preliminary glyph type dictionary the summary for mea ke is:
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The mea ke glyph type is associated with winter solstice, the time when sun has reached the deepest point in his yearly cycle.
It is illuminating to compare with the full moon glyph in the Mamari moon calendar:
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Ca7-24 |
mea ke |
At full moon a maximum of light has been reached, and then comes another 'season' when the sun light reflected from the moon is waning. At bottom inside the full moon oval waxing moon is seen at left and waning at right, the light from the sun 'staff' is broken at full moon.
In mea ke the 'broken' sign is at the top end of the glyph (and at the outside), and instead of a moon oval there is a henua sign. It means a maximum of darkness has been reached, in other words that the sun light is at its minimum. |
I think it is necessary to here add another phenomenon too, viz. the paina (not painga but close in sound and therefore presumably also of meaning):
| Paina Human likeness, large doll (made in ancient times). Vanaga.
T. To make a noise. H. To sound, as in breaking or tearing anything. Churchill. |
| "Although the Easter Islanders still cautiously kept all their small stone and wood carvings in hiding, they did reveal their own artistic talent and activity by carrying forth colossal paina figures in the presence of the Spaniards [1770]. These were skilfully made light-weight dolls of superhuman size, fashioned from painted bark-cloth stuffed with branches, grass, and reeds. They were carried in processions and erected at the side of old image platforms, as if they represented some substitute for the giant stone men of the Middle Period that this historic or Late Period population was unable to carve or erect. Agüera (Ibid., p. 95) gave the following account of the paina figures, after a description of the ancient stone statues of which an unspecified number were still standing on ahu:
'They have another effigy or idol clothed and portable which is about four yards in length: it is properly speaking the figure of a Judas, stuffed with straw or dried grass. It has arms and legs, and the head has coarsely figured eyes, nostrils, and mouth: it is adorned with a black fringe of hair made of rushes, which hangs half-way down the back. On certain days they carry this idol to the place where they gather together, and judging by the demonstrations some of them made, we understood it to be the one dedicated to enjoyment..." (Thor Heyerdahl: The Art of Easter Island.)
"Der Cultus bestand in Anrufung der Götter, deren Willen der Priester erklärte, in Opfern an Lebensmitteln, auch an Menschen, und in der Feier gewisser, zu bestimmten Zeiten wiederkehrender Feste (rakauti), von denen das erste im Früjahr 2 Monate dauerte, das zweite im Sommer mit der Errichtung einer Pyramide aus Zweigen (paina) endete, das dritte in den Winter fiel; bei allen fanden Tänze, Gesänge, Spiele aller Art statt." (Churchill: From 'Die Inseln des stillen Oceans' by Carl E. Meinicke; zweiter Theil, 1876, p. 228.) |
| Kaukau 1. Horizontal poles of a frame (of a hare paega, or a paina statue): he-hakatu'u te tama o te paina, he-kaukau, they erect the vertical poles of the paina then they lay upon them the horizontal ones. 2. Group of people: e-tahi tuitui reipá i Te Pei, ekó rava'a e-varu kaukau; i-garo ai i Hiva, i te kaiga, a necklace of mother-of-pearl is on te Pei, few will find it (lit: eight groups of people); it has remained in Hiva, in our homeland. 3. To go through, to pass through in unison; he-hogi-mai te ûka i te e'eo o te pua kaukau-á i roto ite hare, the girl smelt the fragrance of the pua wafting inside the house. 4. Newborn baby's first hand and feet movements (kaukau or kau). The five stages of a baby's development are: kaukau, puepe, tahuri, totoro, mahaga. Puepue = said of a newborn baby when, a few weeks old, it begins to distinguish people and objects: ku-puepue-á te poki. Tahuri = of a new-born baby, to move from side to side: ku-tahuri-á te poki. Totoro = to crawl; ki totoro te poki, when the baby crawls. Mahaga = baby when able to stand by itself. Vanaga. |
The idea of a human likeness instead of a real person was used as a trick to make the injured Kuukuu believe his companions still were there outside his cave. Te rua painga in page 26 of Manuscript E evidently has to do with how the other side, the dark inside, is overcome.
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