1. The Inuit (Esquimaux) people also regarded string games as a threat to Sun, a most seriouos matter because for them the day is equal to summer in a more definite way - above the polar circle Sun will not descend during the summer. Then he goes away for half a year of night. Considering matters from this perspective we can better appreciate why the day and the summer should be regarded as similar in structure and opposite to night and winter. People travelled far and wide also anciently and they knew how day and night gradually turned into summer and winter when the latitude increased. The following pieces are from John MacDonald's The Arctic Sky. Inuit Astronomy, Star Lore, and Legend: ... string games could be resumed after it was clear that the Sun had managed to leave the horizon and was rapidly gaining in altitude: 'Before the sun starts to leave the horizon ... when it shows only on the horizon, ... then string games were no longer allowed as they might lacerate the sun. Once the sun had started to go higher and could be seen in its entirety, string games could be resumed, if one so wished. So the restriction on playing string games was only applicable during the period between the sun's return and its rising fully above the horizon ... ... I knew of two men who lived in another settlement on the Noatak river. They did not believe in the spirit of the string figures, but said they originated from two stars, agguk, which are visible only when the sun has returned after the winter night. One of these men was inside a dance-house when a flood of mist poured in ... His two companions rapidly made and unmade the figure 'Two Labrets', an action intended to drive away the spirit of the string figures, uttering the usual formula ... but the mist kept pouring in ... ... Again, in a diary entry dated 18 December 1913 Jenness notes the same Alak telling him that 'they never played cat's cradles while two stars called agruk were visible, just before the long days of summer... They played other games then, like whizzer [a noise maker] ... ... Alak's comments indicate that, for the Noatak area at least, the appearance of Aagjuuk, rather than the Sun, signalled the end of the string-game season. And the opinion ... that string figures came from, and are therefore related to, Aagjuuk may have given rise to the prohibition against playing them after the solstice appearance of these stars. It is also possible that the string game mentioned by Alak - 'Two Labrets' - rapidly made and unmade in an attempt to drive off the 'string figure spirit', was intended to symbolize Aagjuuk's two stars and so confound the constellation with its own likeness or spirit. ... Etalook refers to the 'aagruuk' as 'labrets' (the circular lower-lip ornaments of some Western Arctic Eskimo groups, certainly evoke an astral image if we recall that early Inuit gaphic representations of stars were usually circular ...) giving them, it seems, an alternate name, ayaqhaagnailak, 'they prohibit the playing of string games': They are the ones that discourage playing a string game... That's what they're called, ayaqhaagnailak, those two stars... When the two stars come out where is no daylight, people are advised not to play a string game then, but with hii, hii, hii... toy noisemakers of wood or bone and braided sinew ... String games were forbidden when Sun was on the verge of being born - as if the similarity between a string and a navel string would threaten to kill the baby if tampered with. 2 stars were connected with string games and also with the return of Sun. Before Sun could rise properly these 2 stars would show up in the sky and at the same time the string games became forbidden. The 2 stars closed the string game season. Sun needed to be released from the horizon. Maybe the strings now instead must be used to 'wrap up' the night, or rather the end of the previous day. You cannot have 2 Suns at once, he has only 1 face, not 2 like Moon. |