1. In my chapter
Denebola there is an
interesting table with data copied
from Wikipedia:
Nawaa |
Manzil |
Begins on |
Number of days |
Stars |
Al Thuraya |
Sheratan |
17 May (137) |
14 |
14 |
Sheratan |
Pleione |
31 May (151) |
13 |
27 |
Pleione |
Albatain |
13 June (164) |
13 |
40 |
Albatain in the Pleiades |
Al Tuwaibe' |
Al Tuwaibe' |
26 June (177) |
13 |
53 |
Aldebaran |
Al Jawzaa |
Heka |
9 July (190) |
13 |
66 |
Heka |
Alhena |
22 July (203) |
13 |
79 |
Alhena |
Murzim |
Murzim |
4 Aug (216) |
13 |
92 |
Canis Major |
Kulaibain |
An Nathra |
17 Aug (229) |
13 |
105 |
An Nathra |
Suhail |
Alterf |
30 Aug (242) |
13 |
118 |
Alterf |
Dschuba |
12 Sept (255) |
13 |
131 |
Dschuba |
Azzubra |
25 Sept (268) |
13 |
144 |
|
Assarfa |
8 Oct (281) |
13 |
157 |
|
Al Wasm |
Auva |
21 Oct (294) |
13 |
170 |
Auva |
Simak |
3 Nov (307) |
13 |
183 |
Spica |
Syrma |
16 Nov (320) |
13 |
196 |
|
Az Zubana |
29 Nov (333) |
13 |
209 |
Acubens |
Murabaania |
Akleel |
12 Dec (346) |
13 |
222 |
Corona Borealis |
Qalb al Akraab |
25 Dec (359) |
9 |
231 |
Antares |
Shaula |
3 Jan (368) |
13 |
244 |
Shaula |
Ash Shabt |
Al Naam |
16 Jan (381) |
13 |
257 |
Ascella and Nunki |
Al Baldaah |
29 Jan (394) |
13 |
270 |
|
The Three Saads |
Saad Al Thabib |
11 Febr (407) |
15 |
285 |
Saad Al Thabih |
Saad Balaa |
26 Febr (422) |
13 |
298 |
Saad Balaa |
Saad Al Saud |
11 March (435) |
13 |
311 |
Saadalsud |
Hameemain |
Saad Al Akhbia |
24 March (448) |
13 |
324 |
Sadachbia |
Almuqaddam |
6 April (461) |
13 |
337 |
Almuqaddam |
Al Tharaeen |
Al Muakhar |
19 April (474) |
13 |
350 |
Pollux |
Alrescha |
2 May (487) |
15 |
365 |
Alrescha |
First we
can see
its
beginning
is not
at
winter
solstice
but in
May.
This
is in
general
agreement
with my
interpretation
of the G
text:
|
|
|
|
|
Gb8-30 (*64) |
Ga1-1 |
Ga1-2 |
Ga1-3 |
Ga1-4 |
Hyadum II (64.2) |
|
Ain, θ¹ Tauri, θ² Tauri (65.7) |
|
Aldebaran (68.2) |
'May 24 |
'25 |
'26 (146) |
'27 |
'28 |
|
|
|
|
|
Ga8-17 |
Ga8-18 (222) |
Ga8-19 |
Ga8-20 |
Double Double (283.7), ζ Lyrae (283.8) |
Sheliak, ν Lyrae (285.1) |
δ Lyrae (286.3) |
Alya (286.6), Sulaphat (287.4) |
'December 30 (364) |
'31 |
'May 24 (144) |
'25 |
Al
Na'ām
is the
20th
manzil in
the
table
above,
not the
18th
which
Allen
states:
...
The
Late
Almagest
of
1515
gives
this
[ζ
Sagittarii]
as
Ascella,
i.e.
Axilla,
the
Armpit
of
the
figure,
still
its
location
on
the
maps
...
With
σ,
τ,
and
φ it
formed
a
portion
of
the
18th
manzil,
Al
Na'ām,
or
Al
Na'āïm
al
Sādirah,
and
the
whole
of
that
nakshatra;
but
the
corresponding
sieu
included
λ
and
μ
with
φ as
the
determinant
...
In the
quadrangle
at the
armpit
of the
Archer
the
rather
insignificant
φ and τ
have no
names
that I
am aware
of.
Instead
the
brighter
ζ (Ascella)
at its
bottom
and σ (Nunki)
at its
top are the
stars to
look
for.
There
are 7
months
from May
to
December
and, we
have
seen (at
Cor
Serpentis),
that the
distance
from
midnight
culmination
to the
heliacal
rising
of a
star
evidently
tend to
be about
225-235
nights.
The
number
of
glyphs
on the
front
side of
the G
tablet
is 230
(counting
from
Gb8-30
up to
and
including
Ga8-26),
but
tagata
in glyph
235
could
mark its
end:
|
|
|
|
|
Gb1-4 |
Gb1-5 (235) |
Gb1-6 |
Gb1-7 (*300) |
Gb1-8 |
|
α Sagittae (297.8) |
|
|
|
'January 12 (377) |
'13 |
'14 |
'15 |
'16 (381) |
'June 4 (155) |
'5 |
'6 |
'7 |
'8 (159) |
"November 10 (314) |
"11 |
"12 |
"13 |
"14 (318) |
Perhaps
we
should
leave
open the
possibility
to count
heliacal
risings
also
beyond
Sheliak
(β
Lyrae)
and
Gb8-18
(at what
presumably
is
'December
31). The
manzil
Al
Na'āïm
al
Sādirah
begins
with
January
16
according
to the
table
above.
20 is a
number which
relates to
Moon,
whereas 18
relates to
Sun. 20 * 20
= 400 and 18
* 30 = 360.
The manzil
structure
refers to
Moon
stations and
the last
such 'regular'
station
could
therefore be
number 20.
If the
Naam
birds
are at
station
18 (as
Allen
says),
then the
beginning
should
be with
the
Pleiades
(with
Albatain
according
to the
manzil
table).
And
there
are
indeed
birds
connected
with the
Pleiades
in the G
text:
|
|
|
|
|
Gb8-17 (*50) |
Gb8-18 |
Gb8-19 |
Gb8-20 |
Gb8-21 |
Algenib Persei (50.0) |
|
|
|
|
'May 10 |
'11 |
'12 |
'13 |
'14 (134) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gb8-22 (*55) |
Gb8-23 |
Gb8-24 |
Gb8-25 |
Gb8-26 |
Gb8-27 |
Atiks, Rana (55.1) |
The Pleiades (55.3-56.3) |
|
Menkhib (57.6) |
Zaurak (58.9) |
|
'May 15 |
'16 |
'17 |
'18 |
'19 |
'20 (140) |
I have so far not been able to determine with certainty which of the Pleiades stars Albatain could be. It ought to rise later than Pleione (28 Tauri) in the preceding manzil we can assume. That leaves only one possible candidate, viz. Atlas (27 Tauri):
... Perhaps the pair Atlas (upholding the sky) and Pleione (his 'flower') are to be understood as personifications of the first respectively the second half of the year. First the sky roof is raised high and light is entering, then the time of 'fruits' will come. Their daughters could then represent a further subdivision of the cycle, either in 6 or in 7 seasons ... (Cfr at Atlas and Pleione.)
364 - (225 + 235) / 2 = 134 and at day number 134 ('May 14 and Gb8-21) there is an ihe tau type of glyph. Perhaps we should understand it as the 'point of beginning' of the 'year':
Ihe A fish. Vanaga.
1. Mgv.: ihe, a fish. Mq.: ihe, id. Sa.: ise, id. Ma.: ihe, the garfish. 2. Ta.: ihe, a lance. Ha.: ihe, a spear. Churchill. |
"The garfish (Belone belone) is a pelagic, oceanodromous needlefish found in brackish and marine waters of the Eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, etc. The fish lives close to the surface and has a migratory pattern similar to that of the mackerel. They feed on small fish and leap out of the water when hooked. The garfish are oviparous and the eggs are often found attached to objects in the water by tendrils on the egg's surface. Garfish have unusually green bones which discourages many people from eating them. Many consider garfish to be delicious fried, baked or barbecued. Its pelvic fins are located in a posterior position as are its dorsal and anal fins. They are positioned for posterior flexing of the body." (Wikipedia)
|
Tau Year (ta'u), he-hoa ite ta'u, to confess to a crime committed long ago, by publishing it in the form of a kohau motu mo rogorogo (rongorongo tablet). Vanaga.
1.To hang (tau), to perch (said of chickens on tree branches at night); rock on the coast, taller than others so that something can be deposited on it without fear of seeing washed it away by the waves; hakarere i ruga i te tau, to place something on such a rock; tau kupega, rope from which is hung the oval net used in ature fishing. 2. Pretty, lovely; ka-tau! how pretty! Vanaga.
1. Year, season, epoch, age. P Pau.: tau, a season, period. Mgv.: tau, a year, the season of breadfruit. Mq.: tau, year. Ta.: tau, season, time. 2. Fit, worthy, deserving, opportune; tae tau, impolite, ill-bred, unseemly; pei ra tau, system. PS Mgv.: tau, fit, suitable, proper. Sa.: tau, right, proper. To.: tau, becoming, fit, proper, agreeable. Fu.: tau, fit, proper. 3. To perch. P Pau.: tau, a perch for a bird. Mgv.: tau, to mount on a person's back. Mq.: tau, to perch, to rest on. Ta.: tau, to perch, to alight on. 4. To hang; hakatau, necklace; hakatautau, to append. P Pau.: fakatautau, to hang up. Mq.: tautau, id. Ta.: faatautau, id. 5. Anchor; kona tau, anchorage, port. P Mq.: katau, anchor. Ta.: tau, id. 6. To fight; hakatau, challenge, to defy, to incite; hakatautau, to rival. P Ma.: whakatatau, to quarrel. Churchill.
Pau.: fakatau, indolent. Ta.: faatau, id. Fakatautau, to delay, to defer. Ta.: haatautau, id. Churchill.
The Malay word for 'year' is taun or tahun. In all Polynesian dialects the primary sense is 'a season', 'a period of time'. In the Samoan group tau or tausanga, besides the primary sense of season, has the definite meaning of 'a period of six months', and conventionally that of 'a year', as on the island of Tonga. Here the word has the further sense of 'the produce of the year', and derivatively 'a year'. In the Society group it simply means 'season'. In the Hawaiian group, when not applied to the summer season, the word keeps its original sense of 'an indefinite period of time', 'a life-time, an age', and is never applied to the year: its duration may be more or less than a year, according to circumstances. So far our authority (Fornander, I, 124; cp. 119). It seems however to be questionable whether the original sense is not the concrete 'produce of the seasons', rather than the abstract 'period of time'. It is significant that on the Society Islands the bread-fruit season is called te tau, and the names of the other two seasons, te tau miti rahi and te tau poai, are formed by adding to this name. Nilsson. |
Kau (tau) "Kau, v. Haw., to hang up, suspend, to tie or gird on, to put or place a thing, to fall upon, to put on, as a burden, to set or fix, as boundaries of a land, or a decree, to promulgate, as a law; in a neuter sense, to light down, as a bird, as a spiritual influence; adj. a setting of the sun, a resting, a roost for fowls; kau-a, to hesitate, be in doubt, suspense, to beg off; kau-o, to draw, as a load; morally, to endure, to incline to, to pray for some special blessing; kau-oha, a dying charge, bequest, covenant, commission, command; kau-kai, to wait for an event, to expect; kau-kau, to take counsel, to resolve, to chide, to reprove, to explain, make clear; kau-la, a rope, cord, tendon, a prophet, a seer; kau-la-i, to hang up, put up in the sun; kau-lana, fame, report, renown; ma-kau, be ready, prepared; akau, the right hand (dexter), to be right, to the north, north.
In the Southern dialects we find: Tong., tau, to hang, overhang, impend, extend to, fit, be suitable; ma-tau, the right hand; ta-tau, equal, like (balanced); tau-la, a cable; tau-ranga, an anchoring place. Sam., tau, to rest on, light on, fall on; faa-ta-tau, to compare; tau, what is proper and right; tau-au, to tend towards, either decline or increase; tau-me, stretch up the hand and not reach, to desire and not obtain; tau-i, reward, payment, revenge; tau-la, an anchor, to anchor, the priest of a god; tau-la-i, to hang up to; tau-langa, a sacred offering, an anchorage; tau-lalo, let the hands drop in fighting, be conquered; tau-tau, to hang, hang up; ma-tau, right-hand side, an axe; faa-tau, equally, alike; v. to buy, barter, sell; faa-tau-oa, a merchant.
Marqu., tau, to carry on the back; tau-tau, suspended, hung up; ta-tau, to count, reckon; tau-a, a rope, a priest; a-tau, ka-tau, an achor. N. Zeal., tau, besided previous meanings, to meet; ma-tau, expert, dexterous, shrewd. Tah., tau, to hang upon, an anchor; tau-ai, to hang up, spread out, as clothes to dry; tau-i, price, cost, to exchange, buy; tau-ra, cord, a troop, crowd, be inspired, a prophet; tau-e, a swing, see-saw; tau-piri, tail for a kite; tau-mata, a visor, a mask; tau-mi, a breastplate, plastron; a-tau, right hand, to the right. Fiji., tau, to fall, as of rain, to fall upon; tau-ca, to place or put down a thing; tau-nga, a swinging shelf. Malg., mang-hatau, mana-tao, to place, put ..." (Fornander) |
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