The number
of glyphs
(including
the empty
space at the
beginning of
side a) can
be counted
as
230 + 242 =
472 = 2 *
236, which
perhaps was
intended to
twice cover
the morning
star part
of the orbit
of Venus.
263 - 236 =
27 (= 11 +
16).
|
phase |
observed periods |
periods in the Mayan 'map' |
difference |
|
evening star |
263 |
250 |
- 13 |
|
black |
8 |
8 |
0 |
|
morning star |
263 |
236 |
- 27 |
|
black |
50 |
90 |
+ 40 |
|
sum |
584 |
584 |
0 |
From Gb6-25
to the end
of side a
there were
(471 - 406)
+ 230 = 295
days
corresponding
to 10 lunar
synodic
months.
 |
 |
 |
 |
181 |
 |
 |
| Gb6-25 |
Gb6-26 (408) |
Gb6-27 (*1) |
Gb6-28 (181) |
Ga5-10 (120) |
Ga5-11 |
| JAN 15 |
16 (*301 = *408 - *107) |
17 |
18 (383) |
JULY 19 (200) |
20 (*121) |
| θ Oct. (364.9) |
Al Fargh al Thāni-25 |
Uttara Bhādrapadā-27 / Wall-14 |
χ Pegasi (2.1), θ Andromedae (2.7) |
Pálida (184.6), Megrez (184.9) |
Hasta-13 / Chariot-28 |
| Caph, SIRRAH (0.5), ε Phoenicis, γ³ Oct. (0.8) |
ο Oct. (1.3), ALGENIB PEGASI (1.8) |
GIENAH (185.1), ε Muscae (185.2), ζ Crucis (185.4), Zaniah (185.9) |
| March 20 |
Equinox (80) |
22 |
23 |
September 21 |
Equinox (265) |
| 'February 21 |
22 (53) |
Terminalia |
24 (*340) |
'August 25 (237) |
26 (*158) |
| 45 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
59 |
| Ga6-27 |
Ga6-28 (168) |
Ga6-29 |
Ga7-1 |
| SEPTEMBER 4 |
5 |
6 |
7 (250) |
| μ Lupi, γ Tr. Austr. (231.3) |
ο Cor. Borealis (232.0), δ Lupi (232.1), φ¹, ν² Lupi (232.2), ν¹ Lupi (232.3), ε Lupi (232.4), φ² Lupi (232.5), Pherkad (232.6), η Cor. Borealis (232.8), υ Lupi (232.9) |
Alkalurops (233.1) |
Nusakan (234.0), κ¹ Apodis (234.3), ν Bootis (234.7) |
| November 7 |
8 |
9 |
10 (314) |
| 'October 11 |
12 (285) |
13 |
14 |
| NAKSHATRA DATES: |
| MARCH 6 |
7 |
8 |
9 (68) |
| τ Arietis (49.7) |
Algenib Persei (50.0), ο Tauri (50.2), ξ Tauri (50.8)
Gienah
|
no star listed (51) |
no star listed (52) |
| May 9 |
10 |
11 |
12 (132) |
| 'April 12 |
4-13 |
14 (104) |
15 |
| 49 = 7 * 7 |
Should we
measure from
tamaiti
(day 14 *
29½ + 1)
the number
of nights to
the end of
side a will
(mechanically)
be 59 + 230 =
289, but a
nicer result
is 289
- 49 = 240 =
8 months
with 30 days
in each.
We
could also
count 472 -
240 - 49 =
183. Or
185 as measured
from Gb7-1:
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Gb7-1 (182) |
Gb7-2 |
Gb7-3 (413) |
Gb7-4 |
| JANUARY 19 (384) |
20 |
21 |
22 |
| σ Andromedae (3.0), ι Ceti (3.3), ζ Tucanae (3.5), ρ Andromedae, π Tucanae (3.7) |
no star listed (4) |
Ankaa, κ Phoenicis (5.0) Alphard
|
λ Phoenicis (6.3), β Tucanae (6.4) |
| March 24 |
Equinox |
26 (450) |
27 |
| 'February 25 |
26 (422) |
27 |
28 (59) |
| NAKSHATRA DATES: |
| JULY 21 |
7-22 |
23 (204) |
24 |
| Chang Sha (186.3) |
Intrometida (187.4), Acrux (187.5) |
γ Com. Berenicis (188.0), σ Centauri (188.1), Algorab (188.5), Gacrux (188.7) |
γ Muscae (189.0), Avis Satyra (189.3), Asterion (189.5), Kraz (189.7) |
| September 23 |
24 |
25 (268) |
26 |
| 'August 27 |
28 (240) |
29 (*108) |
30 |
Moving
ahead to
heliacal
Delta we
will find a
great
type of
henua
which I
have
labelled
raaraa.
Possibly
it could
illustrate
the time
of 'the
central
ceremonial
ground'
at the
Vinapu
plaza:
 |
 |
 |
| Gb7-5 |
Gb7-6 (416) |
Gb7-7 (188) |
| JANUARY 23 |
24 |
25 (390) |
| Andromeda Galaxy, π Andromedae (7.7) |
ε Andromedae (8.2), Delta (8.4), Schedir (8.6), ζ Andromedae, μ Phoenicis (8.9) |
ξ Phoenicis (9.0), ρ Tucanae (9.1), Deneb Kaitos, η Phoenicis (9.4), Al Nithām (9.6) |
| March 28 |
29 (88) |
30 (454) |
| 'March 1 (60) |
2 |
3 |
| NAKSHATRA DATES: |
| JULY 25 |
26 |
27 (208) |
| α Muscae (190.2), τ Centauri (190.5), χ Virginis (190.7) Alderamin
|
Al Áwwā'-11 / Shur-mahrū-shirū-19 |
ι Crucis (192.2), β Muscae (192.5), Mimosa (192.9) |
| Sombrero Galaxy (191.1), ρ Virginis (191.4), PORRIMA, γ Centauri (191.5) |
| September 27 |
28 |
29 (272) |
| 'August 31 |
'September 1 |
2 (245) |
| Raa Sun; day; i te raá nei, today; raá îka, good day for fishing. Vanaga. 1. Sun. 2. Day. 3. Time. 4. Name of sub-tribe. Fischer. Te manu i te raá = comet. Barthel.
'... The substitution of the sun for the sail, both of which are called ra or raa in Polynesia, is a remarkable feature in Easter Island art ... ' Heyerdahl 3.
1. The sun; raa ea mai, raa puneki, sunrise; raa tini, raa toa, noon. P Mgv., Ta.: ra, the sun. Mq.: a, id. 2. Day, date; a raa nei a, to-day, now; raa i mua, day before. P Mgv., Ta.: ra, a day. Mq.: a, id. Churchill.
'... The chief thus makes his appearance at Lakeba from the sea, as a stranger to the land. Disembarking at the capital village of Tubou, he is led first to the chiefly house (vale levu) and next day to the central ceremonial ground (raaraa) of the island ...' (Islands of History)
Ta.: toraaraa, to raise up. Churchill 2. |
Metoro's
explanation
of
the
following
2 +
10
glyphs
inspired
me
to
name
this
type
of
glyph
raaraa:
 |
 |
| Aa1-37 |
Aa1-38 |
| e ia toa tauuru - ehu |
e ia toa tauuru - ehu |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Aa1-39 |
Aa1-40 |
Aa1-41 |
Aa1-42 |
Aa1-43 |
| e ia toa tauuru - no te uru nuku |
e ia toa tauuru |
e tauru papagete |
e ia toa tauuruuru |
raaraa |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Aa1-44 |
Aa1-45 |
Aa1-46 |
Aa1-47 |
Aa1-48 |
| e ia toa tauuru |
i te fenua |
e ia toa tauuru - ma te hokohuki - e ika no te tagata |
ma te tauuru ki te ragi |
e tauuru no te henua |
... 1.
Hanga
Te Pau,
the
landing
site of
Ira
and his
band of
explorers,
is the
natural
anchorage
for
those
approaching
Vinapu
by sea.
The
remarkable
stone
fronts
of the
ahu
of
Vinapu
are all
facing
the sea.
The
explorers
landed
at
Hanga Te
Pau
during
the
month 'Maro',
that is,
June
...
2. The
cult
place of
Vinapu
is
located
between
the
fifth
and
sixth
segment
of the
dream
voyage
of
Hau Maka.
These
segments,
named 'Te
Kioe Uri'
(inland
from
Vinapu)
and 'Te
Piringa
Aniva'
(near
Hanga
Pau Kura)
flank
Vinapu
from
both the
west and
the
east.
The
decoded
meaning
of the
names
'the
dark
rat'
(i.e.,
the
island
king as
the
recipient
of
gifts)
and 'the
gathering
place of
the
island
population'
(for the
purpose
of
presenting
the
island
king
with
gifts)
links
them
with the
month 'Maro',
which is
June.
Thus the
last
month of
the
Easter
Island
year is
twice
connected
with
Vinapu.
Also,
June is
the
month of
summer
solstice
[a
mistake:
south of
the
equator
it is
winter
solstice],
which
again
points
to the
possibility
that the
Vinapu
complex
was used
for
astronomical
purposes.
3. On
the
'second
list of
place
names',
Hanga
Te Pau
is
called
'the
middle
(zenith)
of the
land' (he
tini o
te
kainga).
This may
refer to
a line
bisecting
the
island,
but it
can just
as
easily
mean the
gathering
of a
great
number
(of
islanders).
The
plaza
(130 x
130
meters)
would
have
been
very
well
suited
for this
purpose
...
In
'September
1 the
star
Porrima
(γ
Virginis)
rose
with the
Sun and
anciently
it must had
been an
important
day. The
Sun was
here on his
way to
his
final
destination,
to
Spica.
Although
Porrima
offered
other
paths:
Once
upon a
time
there
may have
been a
union
between
Sky and
Earth at
Spica,
like a
fusion
between
the Fire Bird
(Sun)
and
Earth
(Woman):
However,
the
figure
in Gb7-7
(where 7
* 7 =
49)
exhibits
the
opposite
order,
with the
figure
representing Earth
before
the bird
(Sky). It
could
mean we
should
read
heliacally
(rather
than
nakshatra
wise), finding
in front
the
beginning
of the
season
of a
high
sky - i.e.
for
observers
north of
the
equator,
whereas on
Easter
Island
the star
Delta
would
have
been
close to
the Full
Moon in
late
September
and
announced
the
southern
spring.
| |
|
Delta |
δ Andromedae |
8.4 |
March 29 (88) |
- |
- |
| 0 |
- |
Zero |
η Andromedae |
11.4 |
April 1 (91) |
- |
0 |
| 1 |
Al Sharatain |
Pair of Signs |
β Arietis (Sheratan), γ (Mesarthim) |
27.4 |
April 17 (107) |
16 |
16 |
| 2 |
Al Dabarān |
Follower |
α Tauri (Aldebaran), θ¹, θ²´, γ (Hyadum I), δ (Hyadum II), ε (Ain) |
63.4 |
May 23 (143) |
22 |
52 |
| 3 |
Al Hak'ah |
White Spot |
λ Orionis (Heka), φ¹, φ² |
83.4 |
June 12 (163) |
20 |
72 |
| 4 |
Al Han'ah |
Brand |
γ Gemini (Alhena), μ (Tejat Posterior), ν, η (Tejat Prior), ξ (Alzirr) |
93.4 |
June 22 (173) |
10 |
82 |
| 5 |
Al Dhirā' |
Forearm |
α Gemini (Castor), β (Pollux) |
113.4 |
July 12 (193) |
20 |
102 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Gb7-8 |
Gb7-9 |
Gb7-10 (420) |
Gb7-11 (192) |
| JANUARY 26 |
27 (392) |
28 |
29 |
| Achird (10.7) |
Legs-15 |
Cih, λ Tucanae (12.4), φ³ Ceti (12.6), μ Andromedae (12.8) |
φ4 Ceti (13.2) |
| ν Andromedae (11.0), φ² Ceti (11.1), ρ Phoenicis (11.2), η ANDROMEDAE (11.4) |
| March 31 (90) |
April 1 (19 * 24) |
2 (457) |
3 |
| 'March 4 |
5 (64) |
6 (*350) |
7 |
| NAKSHATRA DATES: |
| JULY 28 |
29 (210) |
30 |
31 |
| no star listed (193) |
κ Crucis (194.4), ψ Virginis (194.5), μ Crucis, λ Crucis (194.6), Alioth, ι Octantis (194.8) |
Minelauva (195.1), Cor Caroli (195.3) |
δ Muscae (196.5), Vindemiatrix (196.8) |
| September 30 (273) |
October 1 |
2 |
3 |
| 'September 3 |
4 |
5 (*168) |
6 (249) |
... Allen does not mention Achird and he has no other name for η Cassiopeiae, but I guess the star could be connected with α Leonis, Regulus, once named Achir (Possessing Luminous Rays) ...
I saw flames at the top in Gb7-8. And April 1 should be like January 1, the first calendar day after the cardinal point (equinox respectively solstice). On Easter Island astronomers would have watched the night sky after spring equinox, searching for the proper stars close to the Full Moon. They could have avoided the light from the Full Moon by covering its strong white light with the blade of a dance paddle (ao).
The form of the 'wooden staff' in Gb7-8 could have alluded to a dance paddle. The following glyph (Gb7-9) coincides with having sighted η Andromedae and the peculiar form depicted made me imagine evidence for the release from cover of a pair of twins (one at the top and one at bottom).
However, another explanation has now struck me, it could be this was a conventional method for visualizing the band of light between eye and star:
It is also possible to perceive this pair of glyphs as toku-rua (twin staffs) together marking equinox.
The
Vinapu
complex may have been used for astronomical purposes first of all at spring equinox, because there was a solstice observatory up at
Orongo.
... The stone skull with the peculiar pits on top brought to mind a small and crude stone cranium already found archaeologically behind the Vinapu temple plaza on the south side of the island, and a second examination of this piece showed much to our surprise that here also two deep pits had been carved on the forehead, asymmetrically on each side of the sagittalis ...
|
Pau
1. To run out (food, water): ekó pau te kai, te vai, is said when there is an abundance of food or water, and there is no fear of running out. Puna pau, a small natural well near the quarry where the 'hats' (pukao) were made; it was so called because only a little water could be drawn from it every day and it ran dry very soon. 2. Va'e pau, clubfoot. Paupau: Curved. Vanaga.
1. Hakapau, to pierce (cf. takapau, to thrust into). Pau.: poau, a cut, a wound, bruised, black and blue. 2. Resin. Mq.: epau, resin. Ta.: tepau, gum, pitch, resin. (Paupau) Hakapaupau, grimace, ironry, to grin. 3. Paura (powder), gunpowder. 4. Pau.: paupau, breathless. Ta.: paupau, id. 5. Ta.: pau, consumed, expended. Sa.: pau, to come to and end. Ma.: pau, finished. 6. Ta.: pau, to wet one another. Mq.: pau, to moisten. Churchill. |
|
1. Hanga Te Pau, the landing site of Ira and his band of explorers, is the natural anchorage for those approaching Vinapu by sea. The remarkable stone fronts of the ahu of Vinapu are all facing the sea. The explorers landed at Hanga Te Pau during the month 'Maro', that is, June ...
2. The cult place of Vinapu is located between the fifth and sixth segment of the dream voyage of Hau Maka. These segments, named 'Te Kioe Uri' (inland from Vinapu) and 'Te Piringa Aniva' (near Hanga Pau Kura) flank Vinapu from both the west and the east. The decoded meaning of the names 'the dark rat' (i.e., the island king as the recipient of gifts) and 'the gathering place of the island population' (for the purpose of presenting the island king with gifts) links them with the month 'Maro', which is June. Thus the last month of the Easter Island year is twice connected with Vinapu. Also, June is the month of summer solstice [a mistake: winter solstice], which again points to the possibility that the Vinapu complex was used for astronomical purposes.
3. On the 'second list of place names', Hanga Te Pau is called 'the middle (zenith) of the land' (he tini o te kainga). This may refer to a line bisecting the island, but it can just as easily mean the gathering of a great number (of islanders). The plaza (130 x 130 meters) would have been very well suited for this purpose.
4. The transformation of the 'second list of place names' into a lunar calendar links Hanga Te Pau and Rano Kau. A similar linkage occurs in connection with the third son of Hotu Matua between the 'pebbles of Hanga Te Pau' and his name 'Tuu Rano Kau'. There can be no doubt that Vinapu was dependent on the economic resources of the large crater.
5. In the 'scheme of lunar nights', Hanga Te Pau introduces the second half of the month in contrast to Hanga Ohiro, which introduces the first half. That means that Vinapu and Anakena were calendary opposites. Based on the encoded information gained from numbers 1 and 2, 'Maro' (for the Vinapu area) is contrasted with 'Anakena' (for the Anakena area) - or, to put it differently, the last month of the year is contrasted with the first month of the year.
6. The fact that the year ends at Vinapu and begins anew at Anakena may have meaning beyond the obvious transition of time and may also indicate a historic transition. The carbon-14 dating test assigned a much earlier date to Vinapu (ninth century) than to Anakena. This raises the question of an 'original population', which, according to the traditions, lived along the northern rim of Rano Kau (i.e., inland from Vinapu) and their relationship to the explorers.
7. During his visit in 1886, Thomson wrote about the plaza:
Immediately behind this platform (that is, Ahu Vinapu) a wall of earth encloses a piece of ground about 225 feet in diameter and circular in shape. This is believed to have been the theater of the native ceremonies, and perhaps the spot where the feasts were held. (PH:512-513)
Two names, he tini o te kainga ('a great number of people from the homeland') from the 'second list of place names' and te hue ('the gathering'), a local name from the area of the third-born, tend to confirm the statement by Thomson, and so does a revealing passage about Vinapu in one of the traditions (ME:373; Knoche 1925:266). This passage deals with a festival (te koro o vinapu), during which a young woman appears, disguised as a bird (poki manu, Campbell 1971:224). She is the daughter of Uho, who had married Mahuna-te-raa ('sun with curly hair? hidden sun?') in the 'land of the nocturnal eye' (henua mata po uri). But she longed for her homeland, the 'land of the light and clear eye' (henua mata maeha) until she was able to return to it.
Uho's journey across the sea began on the beach of Anakena, that is, the 'opposite' place from Vinapu. In the foreign land Uho instructs her daughter how to transform herself into a bird. The tale is interesting because it is the only one with the motif of a solar marriage. As such, it is possibly connected with the solar orientation of the Vinapu complex. Furthermore, the RAP. text lists the contrasting qualities of the two regions as mata pu uri vs. mata maeha.
Transferred to the fourfold division of the island, the contrast of 'night darkness' vs. 'daylight' corresponds to the contrast between the region of the night, including the landing site of Ira, which belongs to the third son, and the region of the noon sun, including the landing site of Hotu Matua, which belongs to the first-born. This tale again emphasizes the contrasting values assigned to Anakena and Vinapu. According to an unpublished fragment by Arturo Teao, which was recorded by Englert in 1936, 'Uho' was born in 'Hare Tupa Tuu', that is, in the house of the first-born.
However, having been born in Anakena, she would not have gone on a journey across the sea upon being married, but would have left her home for a region on the other side of the island. Her husband, 'Mahuna Te Raa', may have been a quasi-historic figure connected with the Vinapu complex. Since mata also refers to the political unit of a tribe on Easter Island, the metaphysical contrast arising from the fourfold division of the land also has its political counterpart in the form of four different tribal attributes:
|
1. mata maeha |
for Tuu Maheke and Anakena |
|
2. mata nui |
for Miru |
|
3. mata po uri |
for Tuu Rano Kau and Hanga Te Pau |
|
4. mata iti |
for Hotu Iti |
The first pair (numbers 1 and 2) expresses positive qualities, the second (numbers 3 and 4) mostly negative ones. This again seems to foreshadow the later conflict between the tribal federations. (Barthel 2) |
|