next page previous page table of contents home

The dates in a Sun based calendar would have come earlier and earlier due to the precession. The stars which rose with the Sun at 0h were steadily changing because the position 0h came earlier and earlier.

I have chosen to illustrate this gradual process by sampling the situations in Roman times and at the time of Bharani, and placed them together with my basic dates at the time of Ain (for the stars) and at Sirrah (for the Sun). The precessional distance from the time of Ain (65.7) up to that of Bharani (41.4) was 65 - 41 = 24 days and from Bharani up to Sheratan (27.4) there were a further 14 days.

Ain Bharani Sheratan Sirrah
24 14
64
®

Number 4 (as in the 4 corners of the 'earth') was probably given special attention when chosing from the stars for a suitable cosmic structure. For instance was it used in the Arab time frame for their 'year in leaf':

1 Al Sharatain Pair of Signs β Arietis (Sheratan), γ (Mesarthim) 27.4 April 17 (107)
2 Al Dabarān Follower α Tauri (Aldebaran), θ¹, θ²´, γ (Hyadum I), δ (Hyadum II), ε (Ain) 63.4 May 23 (143)
3 Al Hak'ah White Spot λ Orionis (Heka), φ¹, φ² 83.4 June 12 (163)
4 Al Han'ah Brand γ Gemini (Alhena), μ (Tejat Posterior), ν, η (Tejat Prior), ξ (Alzirr) 93.4 June 22 (173)
5 Al Dhirā' Forearm α Gemini (Castor), β (Pollux) 113.4 July 12 (193)
6 Al Nathrah Gap ε Cancri (Beehive) 130.4 July 29 (210)
7 Al Tarf End ξ Cancri, λ Leonis (Alterf) 143.4 Aug 11 (223)
8 Al Jabhah Forehead η Leonis (Al Jabhah), α (Regulus), ζ (Adhafera), γ (Algieba) 152.4 Aug 20 (232)
9 Al Zubrah Mane δ Leonis (Zosma), θ (Coxa) 169.4 Sept 6 (249)

Seen from the opposite direction, from the time of rongorongo and Sirrah at 0h, the precessional distance back in time - as projected by using a precessional speed based on a cycle of 26000 years, i.e. with 26000 / 365¼ = 71 years per day - would for  Sheratan (27.4) have been around 27 * 71 = 1917 years earlier than at the time of rongorongo (assumed by me to be approximately in 1842 A.D.). I.e. Sheratan would have risen with the Sun around 76 B.C.

1842 A.D. 76 B.C. 1070 B.C. 2703 B.C
Sirrah 'Sheratan "Bharani AIN
0 27 41 (= 27 + 14) 64 (= 27 + 37)
®

We can fill in the corresponding dates accordingly and will then find for instance θ Piscis Austrini (defining All Hearts' Day) beautifully placed as day 5 counted from "December 31 and with the star ξ Aquarii (Bunda, the Foundation) standing like a tent pillar at "January 1.

DECEMBER 7 8 9 (343) 10 (*264) 11
"December 30 31 (*285) "January 1 (366) 2 3
'January 13 (378) 14 15 (*300)

16

17
February 9 (40) 10 11 (407) 12 13 (*329)
β Cephei   ξ Aquarii   ε Pegasi
Gb2-6 Gb2-7 Gb2-8 Gb2-9 (*264) Gb2-10 (36)
KAKKAB NAMMAX

And θ Piscis Austrini would have risen with the Sun in "January 4. The age of Bharani could perhaps have been regarded as the rock bottom for our own calendar:

DECEMBER 12 (*266)

179

JUNE 10 (*81)

11

12 (163)

"January 4 (*289)

"July 3 (*104)

4

5 (186)

'January 18 (*303)

'July 17  (*118)

18

19 (200)

All Hearts' Day (*330) August 13 (*145) 14 15 (227)
θ Piscis Austrini ι Hydrae  ε Leonis υ Carinae
Gb2-11 Ga3-22 Ga3-23 Ga3-24
The Heart The Knot The Lion's Head π (= 22 / 7)
183 = 365¼ / 2
ARIES:
1 Ashvini β and γ Arietis Horse's head 27 = 16 + 11
wife of the Ashvins Sheratan and Mesarthim April 17 (107)
2 Bharani 35, 39, and 41 Arietis Yoni, the female organ of reproduction 41 = 27 + 14
the bearer  Musca Borealis May 1 (121)

The Number of days counted from 0h and to the Knot in Hydra seems to have been significant. *104 ("July 3) = 2 * 52 = 4 * 26 = 8 * 13.

Indeed, the heliacal position of this Knot was clearly important all through the ages. *145 (August 13) = 290 / 2 = 5 * 29. *118 ('July 17) = 472 / 4 = 236 / 2 = 2 * 59 = 4 * 29½. And JUNE 10 - where *81 = 9 * 9 - was when the year in leaf (Hercules) should have reached his door of exit:

... The seventh tree is the oak, the tree of Zeus, Juppiter, Hercules, The Dagda (the chief of the elder Irish gods), Thor, and all the other Thundergods, Jehovah in so far as he was 'El', and Allah. The royalty of the oak-tree needs no enlarging upon: most people are familiar with the argument of Sir James Frazer's Golden Bough, which concerns the human sacrifice of the oak-king of Nemi on Midsummer Day. The fuel of the midsummer fires is always oak, the fire of Vesta at Rome was fed with oak, and the need-fire is always kindled in an oak-log. 

When Gwion writes in the Câd Goddeu, 'Stout Guardian of the door, His name in every tongue', he is saying that doors are customarily made of oak as the strongest and toughest wood and that 'Duir', the Beth-Luis-Nion name for 'Oak', means 'door' in many European languages including Old Goidelic dorus, Latin foris, Greek thura, and German tür, all derived from the Sanskrit Dwr, and that Daleth, the Hebrew letter D, means 'Door' - the 'l' being originally an 'r'.

Midsummer is the flowering season of the oak, which is the tree of endurance and triumph, and like the ash is said to 'court the lightning flash'. Its roots are believed to extend as deep underground as its branches rise in the air - Virgil mentions this - which makes it emblematic of a god whose law runs both in Heaven and in the Underworld ... The month, which takes its name from Juppiter the oak-god, begins on June 10th and ends of July 7th. Midway comes St. John's Day, June 24th, the day on which the oak-king was sacrificially burned alive. The Celtic year was divided into two halves with the second half beginning in July, apparently after a seven-day wake, or funeral feast, in the oak-king's honour ...

Possibly a date sometimes could have survived in common memory past its proper age, in spite of the professsionals sometimes updating their own structures. But JUNE 10 was not a date which was perturbed by the precession of the cardinal points of the Sun, because it was clearly defined from the apex of the Sun.

In fact this must have been the reason why the stars used for the foundation of the sacred cosmogram were forced to move ahead in the Sun calendar. The Heart (θ) had to be 180 days earlier than the Grasping Hand at the tail (end) of the cycle.

Egyptian hand Phoenician kaph Greek kappa Κ (κ)

Kaph is thought to have been derived from a pictogram of a hand (in both modern Arabic and modern Hebrew, kaph means palm/grip) ...

... The manik, with the tzab, or serpent's rattles as prefix, runs across Madrid tz. 22 , the figures in the pictures all holding the rattle; it runs across the hunting scenes of Madrid tz. 61, 62, and finally appears in all four clauses of tz. 175, the so-called 'baptism' tzolkin. It seems impossible, with all this, to avoid assigning the value of grasping or receiving. But in the final confirmation, we have the direct evidence of the signs for East and West. For the East we have the glyph Ahau-Kin, the Lord Sun, the Lord of Day; for the West we have Manik-Kin, exactly corresponding to the term Chikin, the biting or eating of the Sun, seizing it in the mouth.

  

The pictures (from Gates) show east, north, west, and south; respectively (the lower two glyphs)  'Lord' (Ahau) and 'grasp' (Manik). Manik was the 7th day sign of the 20 and Ahau the last ...

It might be so that Bayer therefore assigned his Greek letter κ to the faint (5.07) star which rose with the Sun at the neck of the Hydra:

JUNE 7 (*78) 8 9 10 11 (162) 12
Ga3-19 (78) Ga3-20 Ga3-21 Ga3-22 Ga3-23 Ga3-24
The Knot (Ukdah) Rishu A.-13 (Head of the Lion) VATHORZ PRIOR = υ Carinae (147.9)
Star-25 / ANA-HEU-HEU-PO-5 (Pillar where debates were held) Al Tarf-7 A Hydrae (144.1)

VEGA (α Lyrae)

UKDAH = ι Hydrae (145.4), κ Hydrae (145.5), SUBRA = ο Leonis (145.8) ψ Leonis (146.4), RAS ELASET AUSTRALIS = ε Leonis (146.6)
ALPHARD = α Hydrae (142.3), ω Leonis (142.6), τ¹ Hydrae (142.7)  

ψ Velorum (143.3), ALTERF = λ Leonis, τ² Hydrae (143.4), ξ Leonis (143.5)

August 10 11 12 13 (*145) 14 (*146) 15 (227)
'July 14 15 16 17 (*118) 18 19 (200)
SIRIUS "July 1 2 3 (*104) 4 5 (186)
NAKSHATRA DATES:
DECEMBER 7 8 9 10 (*264) 11 (345) 12
BUNDA (Foundation) / KAKKAB NAMMAΧ (Star of Mighty Destiny) θ Piscis Austrini (330.1), λ Oct. (330.7)
Al Sa'd al Su'ud-22 / Emptiness-11 no star listed (326) CASTRA = ε Capricorni (327.2), BUNDA = ξ Aquarii (327.5)

SIRIUS (α Canis Majoris)

NASHIRA = γ Capricorni (328.0), ν Oct. (328.3),  AZELFAFAGE = π¹ Cygni, κ Capricorni (328.7) ENIF = ε Pegasi, ERAKIS = μ Cephei (329.2), 46 CAPRICORNI, Jih (329.3), ι Piscis Austrini (329.4), λ Capricorni (329.6), ν Cephei (329.7), DENEB ALGIEDI =  δ Capricorni (329.8)
Tsin (325.2), ALPHIRK = β Cephei (325.7), SADALSUD = β Aquarii, ξ Gruis (325.9)
February 9 (40) 10 11 (407) 12 13 (*329) All Hearts' Day
'January 13 (378) 14 15 (*300) 16 17 18 (383)
"December 30 31 "January 1 2 3 (368) 4