There was a month named Veo on Marquesas,
their 10th month, and on Hawaii they had a Welo month
about April:
...
Mq.: veo, tenth month of the lunar year. Ha.: welo,
a month (about April) ...
The latter month was evidently not the Welo
month at the winter solstice and we can now understand why, viz.
because the Gregorian calendar had the end of the year in
December but the Hindu nakshatra calendar had the end of its
first half with 'the bright one', Chitra, in October = 6 months after April
11:
|
April 11 |
102 |
|
October 10
=
heliacal Spica (202.7) |
283
(= 102 + 181) |
|
April 11 |
467
(= 283 + 184) |
|
March 31 |
638
(= 467 + 171) = 365 + 273 |
|
VIRGO: |
|
14 |
Chitra |
α Virginis |
Bright jewel
or pearl |
203 = 185
+ 18 |
|
the bright
one |
Spica |
Oct 10
(283) |
|
October
10 |
11 (284) |
12 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Cb8-6
(569) |
Cb8-7 |
Cb8-8 |
|
vero hia |
tagata honui |
e ha mata |
|
Al Simak-12 /
Chitra-14 /
Horn-1 /
T3 |
71
Virginis (203.6) |
Heze (205.0) |
|
SPICA,
Alcor (202.7) |
|
April 11 |
12 (468) |
13 (104) |
|
no stars listed |
|
1 |
Horn |
α
Virginis |
Crocodile |
The beginning of the nakshatra calendar was with
Ashvini, determined by the stars Sheratan and Mesarthim
which rose with the Sun in April 17. But in the Chinese system
the first point of Aries was at their 16th station Bond:
|
ARIES: |
|
1 |
Ashvini |
β and γ
Arietis |
Horse's
head |
27 = 8
+
9 |
|
wife of
the Ashvins |
Sheratan
and Mesarthim |
April 17
(107) |
|
2 |
Bharani |
35, 39,
and 41 Arietis |
Yoni,
the female organ of reproduction |
41 = 27
+
14 |
|
the
bearer |
Musca
Borealis |
May 1
(121) |
|
14 |
Wall |
γ Pegasi
(Algenib) |
Porcupine |
|
15 |
Legs |
η Andromedae (?) |
Wolf |
|
16 |
Bond |
β Arietis
(Sheratan) |
Dog |
|
17 |
Stomach |
4¹ Arietis (?) |
Pheasant |
If Spica
was rising with the Sun in October 10 (283), then the 'Head of the Horse' should be
close to the Full Moon in day 283 + 6 (= April 17 - April 11) = 289
(October 16). We should count 6 days
forward from heliacal Spica in order to reach the nakshatra first point in
Aries:
|
October 13 |
14 |
15
(288) |
 |
 |
 |
|
Cb8-9 (572) |
Cb8-10 |
Cb8-11 |
|
te hokohuki - ma te maro |
te hokohuki ma te maro |
ka ke te manu ki te maro |
|
ε
Centauri (206.3) |
no
star listed |
τ Bootis (208.2), Benetnash
(208.5) |
|
April 14 (105) |
15 |
16 (472) |
|
Achernar (23.3) |
no stars listed |
|
October 16 |
 |
|
Cb8-12 (575) |
| Te ariki |
|
ν
Centauri (208.7), μ Centauri, υ Bootis (208.8) |
|
April 17 (108) |
|
Al
Sharatain-1 / Ashvini-1 /
Bond-16 |
|
Polaris, Baten
Kaitos (26.6), Metallah (26.9), Segin,
Mesarthim, ψ
Phoenicis (27.2),
SHERATAN, φ Phoenicis (27.4) |
The Arab 1st manzil Al Sharatain
means 'Pair of Signs', referring also to Mesarthim (γ
Arietis), but the key star was Sheratan (β), because it
rose in RA day 27.4 = precisely 16 days after
η Andromedae:
|
0 |
- |
Zero |
η Andromedae |
11.4 |
April 1 (91) |
- |
0 |
|
1 |
Al Sharatain |
Pair of Signs |
β Arietis (Sheratan),
γ (Mesarthim) |
27.4 |
April 17 (107) |
16 |
16 |
|
2 |
Al Dabarān |
Follower |
α Tauri (Aldebaran), θ¹, θ²´,
γ (Hyadum I),
δ (Hyadum II), ε (Ain) |
63.4 |
May 23 (143) |
36 |
52 |
|
3 |
Al Hak'ah |
White Spot |
λ Orionis (Heka), φ¹, φ² |
84.4 |
June 13 (164) |
21 |
73 |
|
4 |
Al Han'ah |
Brand |
γ Gemini (Alhena), μ (Tejat Posterior), ν,
η (Tejat Prior),
ξ (Alzirr) |
93.4 |
June 22 (173) |
9 |
82 |
|
5 |
Al Dhirā' |
Forearm |
α Gemini (Castor),
β (Pollux) |
113.4 |
July 12 (193) |
20 |
102 |
|
6 |
Al Nathrah |
Gap |
ε Cancri (Beehive) |
130.4 |
July 29 (210) |
17 |
119 |
|
7 |
Al Tarf |
End |
ξ Cancri,
λ Leonis (Alterf) |
143.4 |
August 11 (223) |
13 |
132 |
|
8 |
Al Jabhah |
Forehead |
η Leonis (Al Jabhah),
α (Regulus), ζ (Adhafera), γ (Algieba) |
152.4 |
August 20 (232) |
9 |
141 |
|
9 |
Al Zubrah |
Mane |
δ Leonis (Zosma),
θ (Coxa) |
169.4 |
Sept 6 (249) |
17 |
158 |
The 12th
manzil, Al Simak (Lofty), was ruled by Spica.
From Al Zubra to Al Simak there were,
though, 2 more
manazil:
|
10 |
Al Sarfah |
Turn |
β Leonis (Denebola) |
178.3 |
Sept 15 (258) |
9 |
167 |
|
11 |
Al Áwwā' |
Barker |
β (Alaraph), η (Zaniah),
γ (Porrima),
δ (Minelauva), ε Virginis (Vindemiatrix) |
191.5 |
Sept 28 (271) |
13 |
180 |
|
12 |
Al Simāk |
Lofty |
α Virginis (Spica) |
202.7 |
Oct 10 (283) |
12 |
192 |
|
13 |
Al Ghafr |
Covering |
ι (Syrma),
κ, φ Virginis |
215.6 |
Oct 23(296) |
13 |
205 |
The 'Barker' was
probably determined by Porrrima, because this star was
positioned at a reasonable distance from both Denebola
and Spica:
|
Alaraph |
178.3 + 0.3 = 178.6 = 202.7 - 24.1 |
|
Zaniah |
185.8 = 202.7 - 16.9 |
|
Porrima |
178.3 + 13.2 =191.5 = 202.7 - 11.2 |
|
Minelauva |
195.1 = 202.7 - 7.6 |
|
Vindemiatrix |
196.8 = 202.7 - 5.9 |
|
Spica |
202.7 |
By mechanically
counting the date for Porrima it becomes September 28½. But
from April 1 (91) to September 28 (271) there are
precisely 180 days.
|
September 24 |
25 (268) |
26 |
27 |
28 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Cb7-17 |
Cb7-18 |
Cb7-19 (555) |
Cb7-20 |
Cb7-21 |
|
te rau hei |
te hoko huki - ma te
huaga |
vero
hia |
te rau hei |
te moko |
|
Intrometida (187.4), Acrux (187.5) |
γ Com. Berenicis (188.0), σ Centauri
(188.1), Algorab (188.5) |
Gacrux (188.7), γ Muscae (189.0), Avis
Satyra (189.3), Asterion (189.5) |
Kraz (189.7), α Muscae (190.2), τ
Centauri (190.5), |
Al Áwwā'-11 |
|
χ Virginis (190.7), ρ Virginis (191.4),
PORRIMA,
γ Centauri (191.5) |
|
March 26 |
27 |
28 |
29
(454) |
30 |
|
Ankaa, κ
Phoenicis (5.0) |
λ Phoenicis
(6.3), β Tucanae (6.4) |
no star
listed |
Delta (8.4) |
Schedir
(8.6), μ Phoenicis (8.9, ξ Phoenicis
(9.0), ρ Tucanae (9.1), Deneb Kaitos, η
Phoenicis (9.4) |
|
September 29 |
30 (273) |
 |
 |
|
Cb7-22 (558) |
Cb7-23 |
|
hokohuki |
tagata
ka pau |
|
β Muscae (192.5) |
Mimosa (192.9) |
|
March 31
(456) |
April 1
(91) |
|
no star
listed |
Legs-15 |
|
Achird
(10.7), ρ Phoenicis (11.2),
η ANDROMEDAE
(11.4) |
|