next page previous page table of contents home

However, the picture of the Babylonian sky has the Abyss further down in the south and we have read that it might be in Centaurus:

... The Wild Boar, Ningirsu  (Most of Centaurus)
The star to its side, the Harrow, the weapon of
Mar-biti, within which one sees the Abyss  (The western part of Centaurus)
The two stars that are behind him, Shullat and Hanish,
Shamas and Adad  (Two stars in Centaurus) ...

Could the Abyss be the quadrangular form of Crux down in the Milky Way? This is at the front side of Robur Carolinum and also where the Coal-Sack is located:

... Whittier said, in his Cry of a Lost Soul: 'The Cross of pardon lights the tropic skies'; which is correct for our day, as it is not now entirely visible above 27º 30' of north latitude. It was last seen on the horizon of Jerusalem - 31º 46' 45'' - about the time that Christ was crucified. But 3000 years previously all its stars were 7º above the horizon of the savages along the shores of the Baltic Sea, in latitude 52º 30' ...

Von Humboldt adds: The two great stars, which marks the summit and the foot of the Cross, having nearly the same right ascension, it follows that the constellation is almost perpendicular at the moment when it passes the meridian. This circumstance is known to the people of every nation situated beyond the Tropics or in the southern hemisphere.

It has been observed at what hour of the night, in different seasons, the Cross is erect or inclined. It is a time piece, which advances very regularly nearly four minutes a day, and no other group of stars affords to the naked eye an observation of time so easily made. How often have we heard our guides exclaim in the savannahs of Venezuela and in the desert extending from Lima to Truxillo, 'Midnight is past, the Cross begins to bend' ...

Crux lies in the Milky Way, - here a brilliant but narrow stream three or four degrees wide, - and is noticeable from its compression as well as its form, being only 6º in extent from north to south, and less in width, the upper star a clear orange in color, and the rest white; the general effect being that of a badly made kite, rather than a cross ...

... The Candelabra was intended by its designers to be seen from the north. Indeed, there is no other perspective from which it may be satisfactorily viewed: the observer must face south towards the sloping escarpment on which it is carved. Examining the diagram from the base up naturally draws the eyes towards the southern sky above the escarpment, and specifically towards the south meridian. Although it may be entirely coincidental, computer simulations tell us that at around the hour of midnight on the March equinox 2000 years ago - the epoch in which the Candelabra was probably made - the constellation known as Crux (the Southern Cross) would have been seen lying on the south meridian at an altitude of 52 degrees. At that moment an observer positioned on a boat as we now were, about a kilometre north of the Candelabra, would have seen the Southern Cross suspended in the sky directly above the great cliff diagram ...

Pálida (the Pale star, δ) is the first to rise in the Crux constellation and its heliacal date in rongorongo times was September 22 (equinox). Its last star to rise was Mimosa in September 30. In the night of September 30 the date was April 1 and there the star η Andromedae ruled the Chinese station Legs:

September 22 23 24 25 (268)
Cb7-15 Cb7-16 Cb7-17 Cb7-18
Hasta Zaniah (185.9), Chang Sha (186.3) Intrometida (187.4), Acrux (187.5) γ Com. Berenicis (188.0), σ Centauri (188.1), Algorab (188.5)
Pálida (184.6), Megrez (184.9), GIENAH (185.1), ε Muscae (185.2)
March 24 25 (450) 26 27
θ Andromedae (2.7), ζ Tucanae (3.5) π Tucanae (3.7) Ankaa, κ Phoenicis (5.0) λ Phoenicis (6.3), β Tucanae (6.4)
September 26 27 (270) 28
Cb7-19 Cb7-20 Cb7-21
Gacrux (188.7), γ Muscae (189.0), Avis Satyra (189.3), Asterion (189.5) Kraz (189.7), α Muscae (190.2), τ Centauri (190.5), χ Virginis (190.7), ρ Virginis (191.4), Porrima, γ Centauri (191.5)
March 28 29 (454) 30
no star listed Delta (8.4) Schedir (8.6), μ Phoenicis (8.9, ξ Phoenicis (9.0), ρ Tucanae (9.1), Deneb Kaitos, η Phoenicis (9.4)
Sept 29 30 (273) October 1 2 3 4
Cb7-22 Cb7-23 Cb7-24 (560) Cb7-25 Cb7-26 Cb7-27
β Muscae (192.5) Mimosa (192.9) ψ Virginis (194.5) Alioth (194.8), Minelauva (195.1), Cor Caroli (195.3), δ Muscae (196.5) Vindemiatrix (196.8), ξ¹ Centauri (197.1) 13h (197.8)
ξ² Centauri (197.9)
March 31 April 1 2 3 4 (460) 5
no star listed Legs-15 Cih, λ Tucanae (12.4) no stars listed 1h (15.2)
Achird (10.7), ρ Phoenicis (11.2), η Andromedae (11.4) β Phoenicis (15.1)
1 Horn α Virginis Crocodile
2 Neck κ Virginis Dragon
7 stations
10 Girl ε Aquarii (Albali) Bat
11 Emptiness β Aquarii (Sadalsud) Rat
12 Rooftop α Aquarii (Sadalmelik) Swallow
End in February
13 House α Pegasi (Markab) Pig
March equinox
14 Wall γ Pegasi (Algenib) Porcupine
15 Legs η Andromedae (?) Wolf
16 Bond β Arietis (Sheratan) Dog
12 stations

Possibly these legs are illustrated in Cb7-23. The Wolf could refer to the black Coal-Sack. The lowest Greek lettered star in Andromeda is η and according to Hevelius her left elbow should be anchored in the back of the northern fish in Pisces: