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There are 13 days from October 10 (Spica) to October 23, which may have contributed to the Arabs' choice of Syrma (ι Virginis) as a leading star, especially as Al Ghafr was their 13th manzil:

Arab Hindu Chinese
α Virginis (Spica) Oct 10 (283) α Virginis (Spica) Oct 10 (283) α Virginis (Spica) Oct 10 (283)
ι (Syrma), κ, φ Virginis Oct 23 (296) α Bootis (Arcturus) Oct 22 (295) κ Virginis Oct 22 (295)
13 Al Ghafr Covering ι (Syrma), κ, φ Virginis 215.6 Oct 23 (296) 13 205

Otherwise it could appear to be more natural to have a star which was at 10 lunar synodic months after January 1.

The 'Covering' could refer to how the seed planted (Spica) had to be covered with earth, in order to be fruitful.

Is it possible to determine whether the C text relied more on October 22 or on October 23 as a point of reference? Or is the question irrelevant because some other structure was guiding the creator of the C structure?

First it should be noted that counting backwards in time from Spica (and Alcor) towards the beginning of side b implies finding October 22-23 as a nakshatra date close to the beginning of the side:

April 17 (107) 18 19 173 October 10 (283) 171
Cb1-1 (393) Cb1-2 Cb1-3 Cb8-6 (569)
E tupu - ki roto o te hau tea vero hia
POLARIS, Baten Kaitos (26.6), Metallah (26.9), Segin, Mesarthim, ψ Phoenicis (27.2), SHERATAN, φ Phoenicis (27.4) ι Arietis (28.0), λ Arietis (28.2) Alrisha, χ Phoenicis (29.2) SPICA, Alcor (202.7)
October 16 17 (290) 18 April 10 (100)
ν Centauri (208.7), μ Centauri, υ Bootis (208.8) Muphrid (210.1), ζ Centauri (210.3) φ Centauri (211.0), υ¹ Centauri (211.1) Ksora (20.1)
April 20 (110)
Cb1-4 (396)
ki te henua - te maro
2h (30.4)
Alamak (29.7), Hamal (30.5)
October 19 (292)
υ² Centauri (211.8), τ Virginis (211.9), Agena (212.1), θ Apodis (212.5)
April 21 (111) 22 23
Cb1-5 Cb1-6 Cb1-7 (399)
no stars listed
October 20 21 22 (295)
14h (213.1) no star listed Asellus Tertius, Κ VIRGINIS, 14 Bootis (214.8), 15 Bootis (215.2), ARCTURUS (215.4), Asellus Secundus (215.5)
Thuban (212.8), χ Centauri (213.0), Menkent (213.1)
April 24 25 26 (116) 27
Cb1-8 Cb1-9 Cb1-10 Cb1-11 (403)
Mira (33.7) no stars listed
October 23 24 25 26
SYRMA, λ Bootis (215.6), ι Lupi, 18 Bootis (216.3), Khambalia (216.4), υ Virginis (216.5) ψ Centauri (216.6) Asellus Primus (217.8), τ Lupi (218.1) φ Virginis (218.7), σ Lupi (219.1), ρ Bootis (219.5)
rutua - te pahu - rutua te maeva - atua rerorero - atua hiko ura - hiko o tea - ka higa te ao ko te henua ra ma te hoi atua

In my opinion Cb1-7 has been 'underlined' more (made more eye-catching) than Cb1-8. I.e. the answer to my question could be that Gregorian day 295 was more important than October 23. However, this appears to imply we should acknowledge nakshatra dates and stars as a possible subject matter also at the beginning of side a.

The primary reading, though, must be heliacal. This is 'proven' not only by Sheratan and Spica but also by the heliacal 'sea' (with no stars) wherein Mira was twinkling. It was a time for the drums (te pahu) in order to persuade the sky to move ahead (te maeva):

Maeva

T. 1. Move. Rangi-maeva = Moving Sky (name of a marae). 2. Greet, greeting. Henry.