1. We have from studying the first 4 star pillars of Tahiti began to assemble a map of the sky roof. The first pair of pillars are located at opposite ends of the sky, like the ornaments at the prow and stern of a canoe (rei-mua respectively rei-muri):
Ana-mua |
726m |
Ana-muri |
712m |
Antares |
Aldebaran |
16h 26m |
04h 33m |
986m (= 16 * 60 + 26) |
1713m (= 28 * 60 + 33) |
24 * 60 = 1440m |
To translate distances in rectascension minutes into days we can multiply by 365¼ / (24 * 60) = 0.2536, e.g. is 726m * 0.2536 = 184 days. And from Aldebaran to Antares there are 0.2536 * (986 - 273) = 0.2536 * 713 = 181 days, which happens to be equal to the length from summer solstice to winter solstice south of the equator:
South of the equator |
358 - 177 = 181 days |
365 - 358 + 177 = 184 days |
autumn |
spring |
Aldebaran → Antares |
Antares → Aldebaran |
North of the equator |
South of the equator |
spring equinox |
80 |
autumn equinox |
266 |
summer solstice |
172 |
winter solstice |
358 = 266 +172 - 80 |
autumn equinox |
266 |
spring equinox |
87 = 358 + (266 - 172) - 365 |
winter solstice |
356 |
summer solstice |
177 = 87 + (356 - 266) = 6 * 29½ |
Furthermore, by what appears to be another remarkable coincidence there are 2 * 364 rectascension minutes from Ana-mua up to and including Ana-muri:
Ana-mua |
726m |
Ana-muri |
712m |
986m |
1713m |
728m (= 2 * 364 = 26 * 28) |
24 * 60 = 1440m |
Possibly this once determined why Antares and Aldebaran were chosen to be the first pair of star coordinates.
If the cycle had been defined to be e.g. 12 or 36 hours instead of 24 hours, then the symmetries would still remain:
12 * 60 = 720 |
364 |
26 * 14 |
24 * 60 = 1440 |
728 = 2 * 364 |
26 * 28 |
36 * 60 = 2160 |
1092 = 3 * 364 |
26 * 42 |
Therefore we cannot use 2 * 364 = 26 * 28 as an argument to prove that the Polynesians used 24h for the full sky cycle. But the number for the cycle must be chosen with care, because not any arbitrary subdivision would give equally nice results. For instance is neither 10 nor 16 good numbers for the full cycle if the distance from Ana-mua up to and including Ana-muri is to be used in the framework:
10 * 60 = 600 |
728 / 1440 * 600 = 303⅓ |
16 * 60 = 960 |
728 / 1440 * 960 = 485⅓ |
Still, there are several attractive alternatives to 24h, e.g.:
3 * 60 = 180 |
728 / 1440 * 180 = 91 |
91 = 13 * 7 |
9 * 60 = 540 |
728 / 1440 * 540 = 273 |
273 = 13 * 21 |
6 * 60 = 360 |
728 / 1440 * 360 = 182 |
182 =13 * 14 |
Not to mention such alternatives which use another division of the 'hour' than into 60 equally long 'minutes':
24 * 15 = 360 |
728 / 1440 * 360 = 182 |
13 * 14 |
36 * 15 = 540 |
728 / 1440 * 540 = 273 |
13 * 21 |
96 * 15 = 1440 |
728 = 2 * 364 |
13 * 56 |