1. This is the beginning of the text on Small
Santiago Tablet (G):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gb8-30 |
Ga1-1 |
Ga1-2 |
Ga1-3 |
Ga1-4 |
Ga1-5 |
Ga1-6 |
I have included Gb8-30 because the text evidently is
describing a calendar with a cycle of 16 * 29.5 = 472 days, although
there are only 471 glyphs incised on the tablet. Probably each glyph
corresponds to a day. The beginning of this 16 month long lunar
calendar could be at Gb8-30, and if so this glyph will also be its
final glyph, it has to be counted twice.
The glyph type at Gb8-30 (a day of Jupiter) is
puo, according to my systematic investigation of what words
Metoro Tauga Ure used when reading the rongorongo texts A, B, C,
and E, for Bishop
Jaussen. Puo means 'covered by earth'. Thus we can
interpret the calendar to say that at the beginning there was no
light, only darkness. In the expression ata puo (to hill up a
plant) I interpret the word ata as 'early dawn before
sunrise':
Puo (Also pu'a); pu'o
nua, one who covers himself with a nua (blanket),
that is to say, a human being. Vanaga.
1. To dress, to clothe, to dress the hair;
puoa, clothed; puoa tahaga, always dressed. 2.
To daub, to besmear (cf. pua 2); puo ei oone,
to daub with dirt, to smear. 3. Ata puo, to hill up a
plant. Churchill. |
Vanaga was an
internet site, taken out of service 2007-12-29. Churchill
refers to William Churchill's Easter Island. The Rapanui
Speech and the Peopling of Southeast Polynesia, and
Churchill 2 (which also sometimes occurs in my Polynesian
word list) refers to Churchill's The Polynesian
Wanderings.
Fornander refers to Abraham
Fornander's An Account of the Polynesian Race. Its Origin
and Migrations, and Henry to Teuira Henry:
Ancient Tahiti. Starzecka means D. C. Starzecka:
Maori Art and Culture, and Makemson is Maud
Worcester Makemson's The Morning Star Rises. An Account
of Polynesian Astronomy.
Barthel refers to his Grundlagen
zur Entzifferung der Osterinselschrift and Barthel 2
to The Eighth Island, while Wehewehe and
Text Centre are internet sites.
These are the main sources for my word
list. |
Vaha mea in Ga1-4 (a day of
Saturn) ought to illustrate how a new season of light is
'opening' (vaha), and mea is the red colour of gills.
This rising fish can be interpreted to show how Sun is rising like a
fish at dawn.
Vaha Hollow; opening; space
between the fingers (vaha rima); door cracks (vaha
papare). Vahavaha, to fight, to wrangle, to argue
with abusive words. Vanaga.
1. Space, before T; vaha takitua,
perineum. PS Mgv.: vaha, a space, an open place. Mq.:
vaha, separated, not joined. Ta.: vaha, an
opening. Sa.: vasa, space, interval. To.: vaha,
vahaa, id. Fu.: vasa, vāsaà,
id. Niuē: vahā.
2. Muscle, tendon; vahavaha,
id. Vahahora (vaha
1 - hora 2),
spring. Vahatoga
(vaha 1 -
toga 1), autumn. 3. Ta.:
vahavaha, to
disdain, to dislike. Ha.: wahawaha,
to hate, to dislike.
Churchill. |
Mea 1. Tonsil, gill (of fish).
2. Red (probably because it is the colour of gills); light
red, rose; also meamea. 3. To grow or to exist in
abundance in a place or around a place: ku-mea-á te
maîka, bananas grow in abundance (in this place);
ku-mea-á te ka, there is plenty of fish (in a stretch of
the coast or the sea); ku-mea-á te tai, the tide is
low and the sea completely calm (good for fishing); mau
mea, abundance. Vanaga.
1. Red;
ata mea, the dawn.
Meamea, red, ruddy,
rubricund, scarlet, vermilion, yellow;
ariga meamea,
florid; kahu meamea
purple; moni meamea,
gold; hanuanua meamea,
rainbow; pua ei meamea,
to make yellow. Hakameamea,
to redden, to make yellow. PS Ta.:
mea, red. Sa.:
memea, yellowish
brown, sere. To.: memea,
drab. Fu.: mea,
blond, yellowish, red, chestnut. 2. A thing, an object,
elements (mee);
e mea,
circumstance; mea ke,
differently, excepted, save, but;
ra mea, to belong;
mea rakerake,
assault; ko mea,
such a one; a mea nei,
this; a mea ka,
during; a mea,
then; no te mea,
because, since, seeing that;
na te mea, since;
a mea era, that;
ko mea tera,
however, but. Hakamea,
to prepare, to make ready. P Pau., Mgv., Mq., Ta.:
mea, a thing. 3.
In order that, for. Mgv.:
mea, because, on account of, seeing that, since.
Mq.: mea, for. 4.
An individual; tagata mea,
tagata mee, an
individual. Mgv.: mea,
an individual, such a one. Mq., Ta.:
mea, such a one.
5. Necessary, urgent; e mea
ka, must needs be, necessary;
e mea, urgent. 6.
Manners, customs. 7. Mgv.:
ako-mea, a red fish. 8. Ta.:
mea, to do. Mq.:
mea, id. Sa.:
mea, id. Mao.:
mea, id.
Churchill. |
My intention is to gradually build up a 'vocabulary'
of glyph types and their basic meanings by cautiously interpreting
the G text. This pair of glyph types is the beginning of my outline
dictionary of rongorongo signs:
|
|
puo |
vaha mea |
We must be aware of the risks
involved in using my names for the glyph types, because Metoro did
not read mechanically but with care and afterthought. For instance
did my investigation of the expression vaha mea result
in the following:
text |
glyphs
of the vaha mea type |
other glyph
types where Metoro said vaha mea |
Metoro said
vaha mea |
Metoro said
something else |
A |
2 |
7 |
- |
B |
3 |
4 |
5 |
C |
- |
- |
1 |
E |
3 |
9 |
- |
sum |
8 |
20 |
6 |
8 out of 14 times when Metoro said vaha mea
it was at a glyph of the vaha mea type, but the rest
of the cases were at other types of glyphs.
Furthermore - and this is more relevant for the
current discussion - the glyph type which I have labelled
vaha mea apparently was used to illustrate also other types
of seasonal 'openings', e.g. vaha toga (spring, the
beginning of the winter half of the year, toga) or
vaha hora (autumn, the beginning of the summer half
of the year, hora). Some extra signs were then used:
|
|
Aa6-67 |
*Ha7-31 |
The glyph type vaha mea shows a rising
fish with widely open mouth primarily in order to illustrate the
concept of an 'opening' (vaha), not to indicate the red
opening of dawn (vaha mea). But stripped from extra signs
it evidently means the light which arrives at the beginning of the year. At vaha mea
in Eb7-27 Metoro said te vaha:
|
|
Eb7-27 |
Ga1-4 |
The definite article te presumably refers
to a season with Sun present and probably the meaning of Eb7-27
is identical to that of Ga1-4, because the glyphs are drawn
alike and 72 * 7 = 504 which can be understood as 4 more than a
completed Sun cycle.
I had earlier (before beginning my work with
creating Dream
Voyager) summarized what I at that time
could deduce about vaha mea and this summary is still
useful:
The glyph type
vaha mea without signs added seems to mean the
'red opening' which is located in midwinter and
through which a new sun (year) will enter.
Metoro's name vaha
mea is probably correct, and together with
vaha hora (entrance into summer) and vaha
toga (entrance to winter) creates a logic of
words. Vaha mea can therefore be thought of
as the entrance of the new year (into spring).
The openings in
question presumably were not merely abstractions but
imagined as real holes in the sky roof. A
consequence is that the midwinter hole (entrance
into spring) north of the equater (e.g. as observed
from Hawaii) will be the midsummer hole (entrance
into autumn) south of the equator. In Tahua
there is such a special vaha mea glyph
(denoting the midsummer hole).
The red gills (mea)
seen in the open mouth of a fish may be the origin
of the word for the colour red (mea). The new
sun brings a red dawn, as can be observed looking
towards east. Before sun himself is seen sky and sea
are coloured red from his rays. The sun comes up
where sky and sea meet - it is as if he was a mighty
fish.
|
I have chosen a vaha mea glyph with extra
signs (far too fat a fish for midwinter) as my prototype, and therefore the beginning of my
dictionary can be:
|
|
puo |
vaha mea |
covered by earth |
opening |
early dawn
before sunrise |
the beginning of
a new season |
To complete this 'chapter' we ought to once
again look at our primary text example:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eb7-17 |
Eb7-18 |
Eb7-19 |
Eb7-20 |
Eb7-21 |
Eb7-22 |
Eb7-23 |
te ragi |
te takaure |
te henua |
te takaure |
te ragi |
te pepe |
te hau tea - te
takaure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eb7-23 |
Eb7-24 |
Eb7-25 |
Eb7-26 |
Eb7-27 |
Eb7-28 |
Eb7-29 |
te hau tea
- te takaure |
te henua
|
te veveke |
te henua |
te vaha |
tagata - te
kihikihi |
hagahaga
mai o te ragi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gb8-30 |
Ga1-1 |
Ga1-2 |
Ga1-3 |
Ga1-4 |
Ga1-5 |
Ga1-6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eb7-30 |
Eb7-31 |
Eb7-32 |
Eb7-33 |
Eb7-34 |
Eb7-35 |
te koka |
te
hokohuki |
kua
rere te veveke |
te
makere |
te
takaure |
kua oho
mai kua hua |
From comparing vaha mea in Eb7-27 with
Ga1-4 it becomes evident that also Eb7-26 and Ga1-3 are similar.
And ragi at right in Eb7-29 corresponds to ragi
at right in Ga1-6.
I have included Eb7-23 twice following the order
in G where Gb8-30 occurs twice. This method is supported by
Metoro who said te hau tea
- te takaure, a double name. Counting
the number of te from Eb7-17 up to
and including that in te vaha
(Eb7-27) the sum is 12.
|