However, there is another kahi glyph to
consider, probably connected with Antares and the ancient autumn
equinox:
●MARCH 12
(71) |
235 |
●NOVEMBER 3 |
4 |
5 (*229) |
6 (310) |
MARCH 23 (71
+ 11) |
NOVEMBER 14 |
15 |
16 (*240) |
17 (321) |
|
|
|
|
|
te kahi
huga |
Te nuku |
te ua |
te ika |
te
henua ma te hua |
Cb2-15 (39) |
Cb12-1 |
Cb12-2 |
Cb12-3 (77 +
200) |
Cb12-4 (278) |
May 26 (71 +
75) |
January 17 |
18 (383) |
19 (13 * 29½
- ½)
|
20 |
*66
ANTARES (*249) |
*302
ω CANCRI (*120) |
τ Aquilae
(*303) NAOS |
η Sagittae
(*229 + 75)
*122 |
*305
TEGMINE (*123) |
●SEPTEMBER
11 (254) |
●MAY 7 (125) |
8 |
9 (*47 =
*229 - 182) |
10 |
EQUINOX
(265) |
MAY 16 (136) |
17 |
18 (*240 - 182) |
19 (*59) |
Hu
1. Breaking of wind. T Mgv., uu,
to break wind. Mq., Ta.: hu, id. 2. Whistling of
the wind, to blow, tempest, high wind. P Pau.:
huga,
a hurricane. Churchill.
Mgv.: hu, to burst, to crackle,
to snap. Ha.: hu, a noise. Churchill. |
After the end of the sailing season would come
winter with less to eat and kahi in Cb2-15 is not as fat
as that in Cb12-3 - its mouth is smaller.
... Rehua
has been variously identified with Jupiter by Tregear, with
Sirius by Stowell, and with Antares by Best, and there can be no
doubt that the name was applied to different objects in various
sections of New Zealand. An old native declared: 'Rehua
is a star, a bird with two wings; one wing is broken. Under the
unbroken wing is Te Waa-o-Tamarereti (the Canoe of
Tamarereti is the Tail of Scorpius in this instance).
When
Rehua mates with his wife Pekehawani (a star close
to Antares) the ocean is windless and motionless.' Antares,
visible in the morning sky of December-January, came to stand
for summer heat; hence the saying, 'Rehua cooks (ripens)
all fruit'. The generally accepted version of the Rehua
myth, according to Best, is that Rehua had two wives, the
stars on either side of Antares. One was Ruhi-te-rangi or
Pekehawani, the personification of summer languor (ruhi),
the other Whaka-onge-kai, She-who-makes-food-scarce
before the new crops can be harvested
...
At the time of Hyadum II - it could be calculated
- Antares had been rising with
the Sun in SEPTEMBER 22 (at the northern autumn equinox). And at
that ancient time the Sun would have been around η Sagittae 240 days
after 0h. When the Full Moon had been close to Antares in the
Scorpion it had been a sign of the Sun having reached Taurus and
then there would be 8 nice months of summer - north of the
equator.
At the time of rongorongo Antares would have been
visible close to the Full Moon in May 26 (146 = 2 / 5 * 365) and
this was 64 days later in the year. 146 - 64 = 2 * 73 - 8 * 8 = 82 (MARCH 23). We can compare
with the beginning of the text on the G tablet:
0h |
MARCH 22
(*1) |
23 (82) |
no glyph |
|
|
Ga1-1 |
Ga1-2 |
HYADUM II =
δ¹ Tauri
(64.2) |
Net-19
AIN (Eye)
= ε
Tauri, θ¹ Tauri, θ² Tauri
(65.7) |
no star
listed (66) |
May 24 |
25 (145) |
26 (*66) |
°May 20 |
21 (*61) |
22 (142) |
'April 27 |
28 (118) |
29 (*39) |
"April 13 |
14 (104) |
15 (*25) |
NAKSHATRA
DATES: |
SEPTEMBER 20
(*183) |
21 (264) |
EQUINOX |
Heart-5
σ SCORPII
(247.0),
HEJIAN = γ Herculis
(247.2), ψ Ophiuchi (247.7) |
ρ Ophiuchi (248.1),
KAJAM = ω
Herculis (248.3), χ
Ophiuchi (248.5),
SHE LOW
(Market Tower) = υ Ophiuchi,
Tr. Austr. (248.7), ζ Tr. Austr. (248.8) |
Al Kalb-16
/
Jyeshtha-18
/
ANA-MUA-1 (Entrance pillar)
ANTARES
= α Scorpii (249.1),
MARFIK = λ Ophiuchi,
φ Ophiuchi (249.5), ω Ophiuchi (249.8) |
November 23
(327) |
24 |
25 (*249) |
°November 19 |
20 (*244) |
21 (325) |
'October 27
(300) |
28 |
29 (*222) |
"October 13
(286) |
14 |
15 (*208) |
Cb12-1 was drawn to indicate a radical
change and we should remember a similar sign of inversion in the G
text:
NOVEMBER 1
(*225) |
12 |
NOVEMBER 14 |
|
|
Ga8-22 (225) |
Cb12-1 (392
+ 275) |
WEZEN (*107) |
ω CANCRI (*120) |
January 4 (*289 = *225 + 64) |
January 17 |
°December 31
(*285 = *225 + 60) |
°January 13 |
The meaning of Ga8-22 seems clear, night sky goes on
top and nuku goes face down.
Nuku
1. Pau.: nuka, crowd, throng. Ta.:
nuú, army, fleet. Mg.: nuku, a host, army.
2. Mgv.: nuku, land, country, place. Sa.: nu'u,
district, territory, island. Churchill. |
The northern autumn had come to a close. The
nuku type of glyph had no arms:
Arms would
arrive in spring and therefore they had to disappear before
that.
... During his
descent the ancestor still possessed the quality of a water
spirit, and his body, though preserving its human appearance,
owing to its being that of a regenerated man, was equipped with
four flexible limbs like serpents after the pattern of the arms
of the Great Nummo. The ground was rapidly approaching. The
ancestor was still standing, his arms in front of him and the
hammer and anvil hanging across his limbs. The shock of his
final impact on the earth when he came to the end of the
rainbow, scattered in a cloud of dust the animals, vegetables
and men disposed on the steps. When calm was restored, the smith
was still on the roof, standing erect facing towards the north,
his tools still in the same position. But in the shock of
landing the hammer and the anvil had broken his arms and legs at
the level of elbows and knees, which he did not have before. He
thus acquired the joints proper to the new human form, which was
to spread over the earth and to devote itself to toil
...
Cb2-5 seems to visualize the situation after the
'landfall' in spring:
●MARCH 2 (136 - 75) |
47 |
●APRIL 19 ('29) |
198 |
●NOVEMBER 4
(308) |
5 (*229) |
116 |
●MARCH 1 (60) |
MARCH 13
(136 - 64) |
APRIL 30 ('40) |
NOVEMBER
15 (319) |
16 (*240) |
MARCH
12 (71) |
|
|
|
|
|
koia ra |
te ua |
te ua |
te ika |
te henua |
Cb2-5 (392 + 29 = 421) |
Cb4-6 (77 = 29 + 48) |
Cb12-2 |
Cb12-3 (77 + 200) |
Cb2-4 (28 = 420
- 392) |
May 16 (421 - 285)
ATLAS + ALCYONE (*56)
= REHUA + RUHI-TE-RANGI |
July 3 (184)
ADARA (*104) |
January 18 (383)
τ Aquilae
(*303) |
19 (13 * 29½ - ½)
η Sagittae
(*304 = *229 + 75) |
May 15 (500)
TAU-ONO
*420 (= 6 * 70) |
200 |
48 + 200 + 1 + 116 = 364 |
One wing of the bird
man in Cb2-5 has been depicted as broken. Therefore
Cb2-5 was probably corresponding to
Rehua
- here neither Jupiter, Sirius, nor Antares, but rather Alcyone, or
better the male Atlas raising the sky high:
The identity of
Rehua
was no mystery - it simply meant the one who came with
warm weather in order to ripen
the fruit, hua.
...
Antares, visible in the morning sky of December-January,
came to stand for summer heat; hence the saying, 'Rehua
cooks (ripens) all fruit' ...
The earliest still
remembered
Rehua
could have been Gemini:
In Hindu legend there was a mother goddess called Aditi, who had seven offspring. She is called 'Mother of the Gods'. Aditi, whose name means 'free, unbounded, infinity' was assigned in the ancient lists of constellations as the regent of the asterism Punarvasu. Punarvasu is dual in form and means 'The Doublegood Pair'. The singular form of this noun is used to refer to the star Pollux. It is not difficult to surmise that the other member of the Doublegood Pair was Castor.
Then the constellation Punarvasu is quite equivalent to our Gemini, the Twins. In far antiquity (5800 B.C.) the spring equinoctial point was predicted by the heliacal rising of the Twins (see fig. 6.6). By 4700 B.C. the equinox lay squarely in Gemini (fig. 6.7).
Punarvasu is one of the twenty-seven (or twenty-eight) zodiacal constellations in the Indian system of Nakshatras. In each of the Nakshatras there is a 'yoga', a key star that marks a station taken by the moon in its monthly (twenty-seven- or twenty-eight-day course) through the stars. (The sidereal period of the moon, twenty-seven days and a fraction, should be distinguished from the synodic, or phase-shift period of 29.5 days, which is the ultimate antecedent of our month.)
In ancient times the priest-astronomers (Brahmans) determined the recurrence of the solstices and equinoxes by the use of the gnomon. Later they developed the Nakshatra system of star reference to determine the recurrence of the seasons, much as the Greeks used the heliacal rising of some star for the same purpose. An example of the operation of the Nakshatra system in antiquity can be seen in figure 6.9:
Here we see that the spring equinox occurred when the sun was at its closest approach to the star Aldebaran (called Rohini by the Hindus) in our constellation Taurus. But, of course, the phenomenon would not have been visible because the star is too close to the sun for observation. The astronomers would have known, however, that the equinoctial point was at Aldebaran by observing the full moon falling near the expected date or near a point in the sky exactly opposite Aldebaran (since the full moon is 180º from the sun), that is, near the star Antares; see fig. 6.15.
The system of Nakshatras, then, is quite distinct from systems that use the appearance of heliacally rising or setting stars as the equinoctial marker. Furthermore, the Indian system is all but unique in that two calendar systems competed with each other - a civil system, in which the year's beginning was at the winter solstice, and a sacrificial year, which begins at the spring equinox. The beginning of the former was determined by the Nakshatra method, observing the winter full moon's apparition near the point of the summer solstice in the sky (as explained above).
The arrival of the beginning of the sacrificial year might be determined by the Nakshatra method - observation of the spring full moon near to the autumn Nakshatra in Virgo. More commonly, however, it was determined as in the Greek system, by direct observation of the heliacal rising of a sign star. In the current calendar, for example - one unchanged since the fifth century A.D. - the yoga star of the Nakshatra Ashvini (beta Arietis) ushers in the spring equinox at its heliacal rising. (Thomas D. Worthen, The Myth of Replacement. Stars, Gods, and Order in the Universe.)
|
The broken wing in
front of Rehua
- caused by the shock of his sudden contact with Mother
Earth - could have originated from the Arab
system with their 5th station named Forearm:
0 |
- |
Zero |
η Andromedae |
11.4 |
April 1 (91) |
- |
0 |
1 |
Al Sharatain |
Pair of Signs |
β Arietis (Sheratan),
γ (Mesarthim) |
27.4 |
April 17 (107) |
16 |
16 |
2 |
Al Dabarān |
Follower |
α Tauri (Aldebaran), θ¹, θ²´,
γ (Hyadum I),
δ (Hyadum II), ε (Ain) |
63.4 |
May 23 (143) |
22 |
52 |
3 |
Al Hak'ah |
White Spot |
λ Orionis (Heka),
φ¹, φ² |
83.4 |
June 12 (163) |
20 |
72 |
4 |
Al Han'ah |
Brand |
γ Gemini (Alhena), μ (Tejat Posterior),
ν,
η (Tejat Prior),
ξ (Alzirr) |
93.4 |
June 22 (173) |
10 |
82 |
5 |
Al Dhirā' |
Forearm |
α Gemini (Castor),
β (Pollux) |
113.4 |
July 12 (193) |
20 |
102 |
In rongorongo times
Castor rose with the Sun in July 12, which 'happened to
be' in the day after number 384 / 2.
And once upon a time
Rehua could have
corresponded to Perseus, exhibiting one star on each
side:
Allen explains the name Algenib
(α Persei) as derived from the Side (Al Janb) rather than from
the Wing (Al Janāh).
At the time of the
Goat there could have been yet another pair of stars
which served to illustrate the Gate of Entrance for the
Sun - as seems to have been illustrated in figure 6.7
above - viz. ε (Almaaz) and η (Haedus II):
However, Rehua
should have one wife star on each side (janb),
one behind and one in front. For instance was the star
in front of Perseus (cfr above) probably representing his fish
wife (Cetus) and the star at his back Andromeda - with
himself in between and shown in side view when turning
around.
Finally: the
creator of the G text could possibly have used a pair of eyes
(stars) at
left (in the past) in Ga1-2 to illustrate how the Sun had made
landfall, similar to how Hevelius had depicted the forearms
of Cetus making landfall up on dry land:
On the other hand,
I find it likely that this vertically
oriended pair of mata with a string between
primarily was inspired by the measuring instrument of an
astronomer, the plumb line with a 'heart' at bottom:
... In the
inscriptions of Dendera, published by Dümichen, the
goddess Hathor is called 'lady of every joy'. For
once, Dümichen adds: Literally ... 'the lady of every
heart circuit'. This is not to say that the Egyptians
had discovered the circulation of the blood. But the
determinative sign for 'heart' often figures as the
plumb bob at the end of a plumb line coming from a
well-known astronomical or surveying device, the
merkhet. Evidently, 'heart' is something very
specific, as it were the 'center of gravity' ... See
Aeg.Wb. 2, pp. 55f. for sign of the heart (ib) as
expressing generally 'the middle, the center'
...
1 |
Horn |
α Virginis (Spica) |
Crocodile |
(202.7) |
Oct 9 (282) |
282 = 265
+ 17 |
2 |
Neck |
κ Virginis |
Dragon |
(214.8) |
Oct 21 (294) |
294 = 282
+ 12 |
3 |
Root |
α Librae (Zuben Elgenubi) |
Badger |
(224.2) |
Oct 31 (304) |
304 = 295
+ 9 |
4 |
Room |
π Scorpii (Vrischika) |
Hare |
(241.3) |
Nov 17 (321) |
321 = 304
+ 17 |
5 |
Heart |
σ Scorpii |
Fox |
(247.0) |
Nov 23 (327) |
327 = 321
+ 6 |
...
Proclus informs us that the fox star nibbles
continuously at the thong of the yoke which
holds together heaven and earth; German folklore
adds that when the fox succeeds, the world will
come to its end. This fox star is no other than
Alcor, the small star g near zeta Ursae
Majoris (in India Arundati, the common
wife of the Seven Rishis, alpha-eta Ursae
...
From Spica
(together with Alcor) to σ Scorpii there were
360 / 8 = 45 days. And 5 (as in the 5th Chinese
station and in the 5th Arab station) times 45 =
225.
|